, 02 4] 0908 縺 閨 陦縺03 縺 縺05 縺 (00) ﾁ
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1 , ﾀ ﾀ ｧ "0806 ﾀ " 閨 ｨ 縺 ｨ ｨ (020607) ｨ ｨｬ , 閨 ｨ ｨ ｨ , ｨ 縺 ｨ ｨ ｨ , , ｨ ﾀ , ｨ ｨ ｨ 閨 PACS numbers: ﾀ m, Qe, Cr (384) (384) ? (386) 縺 (K 5 1) (K01) (K 4 1). 4. 縺 (387). 5. 縺 ｨ (020607) (390) ｨ (392) (392) , ｨ 閨 ﾁ0909, , , ﾁ , , , (383) , [email protected] ﾁ ｨ [1], [2], ｨ ( ｨ , ｨｬ ) , , ｨ , ｨｬ ﾁ , ｨｬ ｨ (0609) ｨ (020607) ｨ , ｨ , 0904 ﾁ : ｨ ﾁ , 09 ﾁ , , , , , , 閨 " " , : " ｨ ". ﾀ05ｨ ﾁ , , ﾁ , 0605ｨ ｨ , #
2 , 02 4] 0908 縺 閨 陦縺03 縺 縺05 縺 (00) ﾁ ｨｬ (01) , (02) ﾁ " " 0609, ｨ " ｨ " ( ) ｨｬ ﾁ ( ), ｨ " ", , , , ｨ , ｨｬ ｨ ｨ ﾁ ﾁ0909, , ｨ ｨ ｨｬ , " ｨ " ｨ , ｨ ｨ , , , , ｨｬ ｨ , , ｨ ﾁ , ｨ [3 05 6], [7, 8], [9, 10] ｨｬ [2, ] ｨ , , , ﾁ ﾁ ｨ , ﾁ : ﾀ , , , 閨 G.A. Shott [3], ｨ ( ): ﾀ , , , 閨 , ( ) ｨ ﾀ [4] ﾀ ｨ ｨ , , ｨ ｨ ﾁ [4] ﾁ ｨ ﾀ [5, 6], ｨ ｨｬ , , ｨ ｨ ｨ ｨ , , ﾀ [6] ,
3 ﾀ0304 縺05 [ ﾁ ｨ ｨ ｨ , [7] E. McMillan [8] 08 ﾁ ﾁ , , , , ﾀ ｨ ｨ , , ﾁ ｨ ﾁ , , ﾁ ｨｬ " ". ﾀ ｨ ｨ [9] ｨ 縺 ｨ [10], , ｨ ｨ ｨ 縺 ｨ ｨ ｨｬ , 閨 [2], H. Motz [11] ? ｨ ｨｬ ( " "), ｨ l L 0ｷ3 Nl 0 ( N ｨｬ ), ｨｬ ｨ ﾁ ﾁ B y ｭz6 9 0ｷ3 B 0 sin 2pz : l 0 ﾀ ｨ ｨ L : DW r 2 e B 2 y g 2 L ; r e 0ｷ3 e 2 = ｭmc ｨｬ ｨ , g ｨｬ ｨ ｨ ｨ mc 2. 縺 ﾁ ｨ ｨ ｨ a 0 0ｷ3 l 0 = ｭ2pR6 9 0ｷ3 l 0 eb 0 = ｭ2pgmc ｨ c x;z 1=g. 縺 ｨ K 0ｷ3 a 0 g 0ｷ3 0ｷ3 l 0 eb 0 = ｭ2pmc 縺 (K 5 1) ｨ , K 5 1, ｨ , ｨ , ｨ ( ), ｨ , ｨ , ｨ T 1 0ｷ3 l0 v jj l 0 c ; v jj ｨｬ ｨ ｨ z v jj 0ｷ3 v a ; ｨ 0400 l 0 T 1 0ｷ3 v ｭ1 1 7 a0 2= l 0 c 0ｷ3 l0 2g 2 c 1 6ｦ0 a 2 0 g 2 2 : ｨ z l u 0ｷ3 T 1 c 0ｷ3 1 l0 2g 2 6ｦ0 a 0 2g 2 0ｷ3 1 l0 2 2g 2 6ｦ0 K 2 : ｨ , , y , ｨ v jj cos y ( ). 05 ｨ l u 0ｷ3 1 l0 2g 2 6ｦ0 K 2 2 6ｦ0 g 2 y 2 : e 1 7 l 0 cos y v l 0 y c c c v k c l 0ｷ3 l0 2ig 2 1 6ｦ0 K 2 2 6ｦ0 g2 y 2 K 0ｷ3 0,94l 0 [0803]B 0 [0702] K 5 1 K ﾁ K.
4 , 02 4] 0908 縺 閨 陦縺03 縺 縺05 縺 ｨ ( ): Dl 1 : l u N u s p Dc 0z Dc 0x l u L u 1 6ｦ0 K 2 =2 p g : 2N u "ｨ ﾁ ﾁ " D 1z D 1x 1 p l u L u : 4p ﾀ , ｨ , N 1u 0ｷ3 DW zm l u 2phc N ｭa 0K 2 g6 9 2 : , , B y 0ｷ3 B 0 sin ｭ2pz=l 0 6 9, 00 B x 0ｷ3 B 0 cos ｭ2pz=l 0 6 9, ｨ , , ｨ 0500ｨ ｨ ｨ a 0 4 1=g. 縺 ｨｬ ﾁ ｨ ｨ ｨｬ ｨ , (l u 1 A ) , ｨ ｨ ﾁ L u Yx;z 2 < l u 2p ｨ Y x;z < (K01) ﾀ K , ｨ ｨ ｨ ｨ (i 0ｷ3 1, 2,...): l u 0ｷ3 l0 2ig 2 1 6ｦ0 K 2 2 6ｦ0 g 2 y 2 : ﾀ K ﾀ ｨ , ｨ : DT SI m g 2 eb : ｨ , : DT u 0ｷ3 1 l0 2g 2 6ｦ0 K 2 c 2 6ｦ0 g 2 y 2 : 縺 DT u =DT SI K ｭ1 6ｦ0 K 2 = , ｨ ﾁ ﾁ , (i 0ｷ3 1) K 5 1, ｨｬ (i 0ｷ3 1, 2) K 1. 縺 , ｨ ｨｬ , , (K 4 1) ﾀ (K 4 1) , , ｭl R=g ｨ ｨ ﾀ ｨ K ｨ ｨ c x;z 1=g, c l ｭ1=g6 9 ｭl=l c 6 9 1=3, 0605ｨ ﾁ ｨ K " " , ｨ ｨ ｨ , a 4 1=g, , : ｨｬ ﾁ , ｨ ｨ ｨ ｨ ; ｨｬ ﾁ N u (N u ｨｬ ) ｨ ｨ ; ｨｬ ｨ , ｨ 縺 ｨ [14] , " " B l 0ｷ3 _N ph = ｭSO6 9, ﾁ _N ph, (Dl=l) (S D x D z ) (O D x 0D z 0). ﾀ ,
5 ﾀ0304 縺05 [ ｨ ﾁ ﾁ s D x;z 0ｷ3 sx;z 2 6ｦ0 l ul u ｭ4p ｦ0 Y x;z 2 L u 2 ; 00 ｨ ﾁ ﾁ s D x 0 ; z 0 0ｷ3 l 6ｦ0 Yx;z 2 ; L u s x;z ｨｬ ｨ , Y x;z ｨｬ ｨ ﾀ q r e x;z s x;z Y x;z 0ｷ3 e x;z ; s x;z 0ｷ3 e x;z b x;z ; Y x;z 0ｷ3 ; b x;z e x;z ｨｬ ｨ ( ﾁ ) ｨ , b x;z ｨｬ ｨ ﾁ ﾁ ﾁ (b x;z L ), ｨ ｨ ｨ , ( ) , ｨ ｨ, , , , ｨ B l 10 6 ﾁ (0,1% Dl=l). ﾀ ｨ ｨ ｨ ｨ ｨ ｨ ｨ ﾀ ｨ ｨ ｨ ｨ ﾁ , ｨ ｨ ｨ , ｨ ｨ ( ) ｨ ｨ ﾀ , ｨ (e x ), , ｨ ( ) MARS SASE XFEL Bl, ﾁ (Dl=l) 縺 ﾀ ｨ MARS SPring-8 " " ﾀ ﾀ "X ": MARS ｨｬ ; SASE XFEL (Self Ampliｨｦed Spontaneous Emission X-ray Free Electron Laser) ｨｬ , ｨ SASE; 0507 ﾀ ﾀ-3 ( ), " " ( ) 09 SPring-8 (Super Photon ring) ( , ) ｨｬ ｨ
6 , 02 4] 0908 縺 閨 陦縺03 縺 縺05 縺 : 閨 e, ｨ ｨｬ ｨｬ ｨ ｨ e x , , , , ｨ ｨ (e x ) 09 01o ｨ ｨ ｨ (E 險 05), ｨ N u ｨ N u , , ﾁ ｨ , N u , Nu ( )! , ﾁ , ! ﾀ , [14] _N coh B l l 2 : ｨ ｨ , s E =E N u : APS (Advanced Photon Source) (060203), SPring-8 (Super Photon ring) ( ) ｨｬ ﾀ05ｨ , ｨ ﾁ0909, ｨ ｨ ﾁ ﾁ ( ｨ ｨ ) , , , ｨ , ﾁ ﾁ : D x;z D x 0 ;z 0 4 l 4p : (MARS) ｨ ｨ ｨ : e x;z 0ｷ3 s x;z Y x;z < l 4p ( e x;z < < ) ｨ ｨ ｨ ｨ ﾁ ﾁ , ﾁ , ｨ (0803., , [15]) , ｨ ｨ ｨ , 0605ｨ ｨ ｨ ｨ , ﾁ SRI- 97 (6th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation) [16], [17] ｨ ｨ ( ; ｨ , , ﾁ ) ( ｨ ｨ e n 09 ｨ ). ﾀ05ｨ , e n < , ｨ ｨ (E > 5 險 05, g > 10 4 ), ｨ e x;z 0ｷ3 e n =g ｨ s E =E (t usk ) ( ) (t rad ), 0605ｨ ﾁ ﾁ ｨ ｨ ｨ MARS (Multiturn Accelarator-Recuperator Source) [18] ｨ , R 0ｷ ,04 險 05 3,36 險 05 4,58 險 05 6 險 05 縺 ｨ DE 0ｷ 險 05, = ｨ ｨ 05 l 1A l12 A MARS.
7 ﾀ0304 縺05 [ MARS (I e 0ｷ3 2;5 0303) 09 SPring-8 (I e 0ｷ ), N u ｨｬ B l, ﾁ (Dl=l 0ｷ ) ﾀ F, ﾁ (Dl=l 0ｷ ) MARS 縺 , N u 10 2 縺 , N u 10 3 縺 , N u ; ; ; SPring-8 ﾀ 縺 , N u 0ｷ3 130 縺 , N u 0ｷ3 780 ｨｬ ; ｨ ｨ 05, ｨ , ｨ ｨ 0500ｨ ｨ , ｨ ｨ ｨ 險 05. ﾀ ｨ , ｨ ﾁ000805, ｨ ｨ ｨ ｨ 05, ｨ ｨ ﾀ MARS ｨ , ｨ (" ") ｨ ｨ , e min , 09 ｨ s E =E MARS (N 10 4 ) (N 0ｷ ) ( ). 5. 縺 ｨ (020607) 閨 [2], ｨ , ｨ , , ｨ , , [2] , ｨ [19], ｨ ｨ ﾀ , 08 e 1 7 SASE e e 1 7 l 0ｷ3 l0 2g 2 1 6ｦ0 K , ｨ ｨ (SASE) , ｨ , ｨｬ ｨ ｨ ｨ ﾀ ｨ E 0ｷ3 gmc , l 0ｷ3 l0 2g 2 1 6ｦ0 K 2 2 ; K 0ｷ3 ebl 0 = ｭ2pmc6 9 ｨｬ ﾀ ｨ ｨ ｨ , , ｨ , ｨ ( E ), ｨ ｨ ｨ ｨ ( ｨ ｨ ) ｨ , ｨ ｨ [19], " ", [20] ｨ " " , l sg N e ｨ , N mksg 0ｷ3 N e l=l sg ｨ ｨ , 0605ｨ ｨ ｨ ﾀ ｨ 0300ｨ ｨ : ｨｬ ｨ , A ( A [21]); ｨｬ
8 , 02 4] 0908 縺 閨 陦縺03 縺 縺05 縺 ｨ ｨ ; ｨｬ " " ｨ , ｨ, ( [22]). 縺 ｨ ﾀ05ｨ ｨ , 縺 ｨ (l 0ｷ A ) ｨ 1 7 B l ﾁ ｭ Dl=l6 9, ( ﾁ08) 09 ﾁ ｨ ( 閨0509) [21, 23, 24] ｨ , ｨ ｨ E 0ｷ 險 05, (I pik ), N e 10 10, l sg , ( ), ｨ SASE (Self Ampliｨｦed Spontaneous Emission ｨｬ ｨ ), [25], ｨ DESY ( 閨 ) [21] , ｨ ｨ 04- ﾁ (SLAC) (060203) [23] 09 SPring-8 ( ) [24] ｨ ｨｬ 0, ｨｬ (P 0ｷ ), ｨ ｨ (Dl=l < ), ﾁ ( ﾁ , , , ) ﾁ ( MARS!) ｨ ｨ 05 [26]. ﾀ , ｨｬ , ﾀ ｨ ｨ ｨ ｨ ｨ 12 03ｨ ｨ , ｨ ﾀ ｨ ｨ , ｨ ｨ 0500ｨ ｨ ﾁ000805, ｨ ｨ, ｨ 0500ｨ ｨ , , ｨ ( SASE ), , , , , ｨ ｨ (I pik 10 03) , ｨ , ﾁ , ｨ , , ﾁ [27] : ｨｬ ｨ ｨ , ,3 %; ｨｬ ｨ ｨ ( ); ｨｬ %; ｨｬ ( ); ｨｬ ｨ ｨ (0, ); ｨｬ ｨ ( ) ｨ ｨ : ｨｬ ｨ (ｨ ﾁ , ,004 ｨ 05); ﾀ ﾀ ｨ ﾀ 縺 P , F = 5,6 03 閨 ｨ
9 ﾀ0304 縺05 [ , ﾁ , ｨ II JLab FEL 1 I JLab THz , 0609ｨ 04 ﾁ FELIX (0, 閨02) , 縺 ｨ ( 60) ( 80), ｨ , ｨ " " ｨ , , 閨 ｨ [2] , ｨ : ( ): I ｨｬ ｨ , , 2, 3 ｨｬ , II ｨｬ ﾁ ; JLab THz ｨｬ ; JLab FEL ｨｬ ﾁ ﾁ (060203); FELIX ｨｬ 0904 ﾁ ﾁ ( ). ｨｬ ｨ 07ｨ ｭ1=l 4 6 9; ｨｬ , , ; ｨｬ ｨ ; ｨｬ ｨ ﾁ ｨ , ｨ ｨ , ｨ ｨ ( ). ﾀ , ｨ 閨 [2] ｨ : ｨ ; ; , ; ｨ ｨ ( ｨ , ), , 閨 , ｧ (1946) 2. 閨 ﾁ (2) 165 (1947) 3. Schott G A Electromagnetic Radiation and the Mechanical Reactions Arising from It (Cambridge: Univ. Press, 1912) 4. ﾀ ｧ (1939) , ﾀ (1944) , ﾀ ｧ (1946) (1944) 8. McMillan E M Phys. Rev (1945) 9. Kerst D W et al. Phys. Rev (1956) (1966) 11. Motz H, Thon W, Whitehurst R N J. Appl. Phys (1953) , , ｧ (1972) ﾁ , , ｧ (1972) , (1977) 15. Kulipanov G N, Mezentsev N A, Skrinsky A N Rev. Sci. Instrum (1992) 16. Kulipanov G N, Skrinsky A N, Vinokurov N A J. Synchrotron Rad (1998); Preprint No (Novosibirsk: G I Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1997) 17. Chattopadhyay S, Merminga L (Eds) Energy Recovering Linacs 2005: Proc. of the 32nd Advanced ICFA Beam Dynamics Workshop on Energy Recovering Linacs, Newport News, USA, March 19 ﾀ 23, 2005 (Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A, Vol. 557, No. 1) (Amsterdam Elsevier, 2006) 18. Kulipanov G, Skrinsky A, Vinokurov N, in Proc. of the 9th Intern. Conf. on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation, Daegu, Korea, 28 May ﾀ 2 June, 2006 (Abstract , B2-006) (CD-ROM); AIP Conf. Proc (2007) 19. Elias L R et al. Phys. Rev. Lett (1976) , , ﾀ ( : , 1977) 21. Brinkmann R, in Proc. of the 28th Intern. Free electron Laser Conf., FEL-06, Aug. 27 ﾀ Sept. 1, 2006, Berlin, Germany, MOBAU03, p. 24; PDF 22. Neil G R et al. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A (2006) 23. "LCLS conceptual design report", SLAC-R-593 UC-414 (Stanford: Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, 2002); Shintake T and SCSS Team, in Proc. of the 28th Intern. Free Electron Laser Conf., FEL-06, Aug. 27 ﾀ Sept. 1, 2006, Berlin, Germany, MOBAU05, p. 33; PAPERS/MOBAU05.PDF
10 , 02 4] 0908 縺 閨 陦縺03 縺 縺05 縺 Kondratenko A M, Saldin E L Particle Accel (1980); Preprint No (Novosibirsk: Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 1979) 26. Bolotin V P et al. Nucl. Instrum. Meth (2005) 27. The Joint 31st Intern. Conf. on Infrared and Millimeter Waves and 14th Intern. Conf. on Terahertz Electronics: IRMMW ﾀ THz 2006, Sept. 18 ﾀ 22, 2006, Shanghai, China, Conf. Digest (New York: IEEE) (in press) V.L. Ginzburg's invention of undulators and their role in modern synchrotron radiation sources and free electron lasers G.N. Kulipanov G.I. Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics Sibirian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, prosp. akademika Lavrent'eva 11, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation Tel. (7-383) , [email protected] Undulators 04 periodic magnetic structures that were originally introduced by V.L. Ginzburg in 1947 for electromagnetic radiation generation using relativistic electrons 04 are among the key elements of modern synchrotron radiation sources and free electron lasers (FELs). In this talk the history of three generations of storage-ring-based synchrotron X-ray sources using wigglers and undulators are briefly traced. Prospects for two types of next-generation space coherent X-ray sources are discussed, which use long undulators and energy recovery accelerators or, alternatively, employ linear accelerator FELs. The recently-developed Novosibirsk terahertz FEL facility, the world's currently most powerful terahertz source, is described. It was the generation of electromagnetic radiation in this range that V.L. Ginzburg discussed in his 1947 work. PACS numbers: ﾀ m, Qe, Cr Bibliography references Received 12 February 2007 Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk 177 (4) 384 ﾀ 393 (2007) Physics ﾀ Uspekhi 50 (4) (2007) , , 02 4
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