14???? (2011) 247 3 24 ( ) ( ) (2011 5 20 ; 2011 8 15 ) We examine the value of ΔT at around AD 247. We found that there is a comment in the Jinshu ( ) on the eclipse on March 24, 247 (Julian Calendar). The comment suggests that the eclipse was not total but deep. We obtain ΔT > 7750 in contrast to the result of Tanikawa et al.(2010) which stated the value close around ΔT = 8000 is too large and is improbable. The ΔT result says that the maginitude of the eclipse on March 24, 247 in Kyushu Island is not total but deep. In particular, islands is the north shore of the Kyushu may have experienced a total eclipse. We discuss some implications. 1 [1],.,.,,, 158 7 13 ( ). ΔT. [1],, 7692 < ΔT <7933., 100 247 ΔT = 8500. [1], 247 ΔT = 70,. [1] 2., ΔT,., [1]. 247 ( ). ΔT 4..., (, [8])., 150,., [1],.., 247 ΔT. 1
2 247 ΔT ( 247 3 24 ).,., ΔT,.., : ( )... :,,.,.,, [ ],, [ ], [ ]. [ ], [ ],,..... ( 3 III,,, 1977,, p.74).,.,. ( ) :., ( ). ( ), 247 3 24.,,.,,, ΔT., ΔT >7750 ( 1 ). 0.99, 7750 < ΔT <8900 ( 2)., 0.99.., ΔT 9700 ( 3). 2
Solar Eclipse 247 3 24 Chengdu Jianye 100 110 120 1 1 TT - UT = 7750.0 sec Corr. to tidal term 0.00 "/cy^2 1: 247 3 24. 0.99, 0.95. ΔT = 7750,. Solar Eclipse 247 3 24 Chengdu Jianye 100 110 120 1 1 TT - UT = 8900.0 sec Corr. to tidal term 0.00 "/cy^2 2: 247 3 24. 0.99, 0.95. ΔT = 8900, 0.99. 3
Solar Eclipse 247 3 24 Chengdu Jianye 100 110 120 1 1 TT - UT = 9700.0 sec Corr. to tidal term 0.00 "/cy^2 3: 247 3 24. 0.99, 0.95. ΔT 9700. 3 247, 247 ΔT >7750. ΔT ( )., 247., 1.,., (, 280 ), (, ), (, )..,.,,.,,., ( 265 ),., 1, 2, 3 (Chengdu), (Jianye), 247 3 24, 0.95 ΔT >8900.. 243 6 5. ΔT 4. ΔT 15000,.. ( ) 243,. 247 3 24. 4
,. 243,.. ( ), 648,... 60 Solar Eclipse 243 6 5 50 Chengdu Jianye 20 80 90 100 110 120 1 1 TT - UT = 8500.0 sec Corr. to tidal term 0.00 "/cy^2 4: 243 6 5. 0.9. ΔT = 8500...,, 200 370,, ΔT. 2. ( ),,, ΔT., ΔT,.. 200, 212, 216, 221 ΔT 10000. ( 1,2). 223 1 19,. ΔT <7500 8900 < ΔT ( 12 ). ΔT <7500, 8900 < ΔT., 247 3 24 7750 < ΔT, 24 223 ΔT.,, ΔT. 4. 5
1: No. 3420 221 8 5 (,, ) :? (,, ) 3421 222 1 ( ) (, ) 3423 223 1 19 ( ) (, ) - 224 12 27 ( ) ( ) 3444 232 1 10 ( ) (, ) - 232 2 9 (, ) 3447 233 6 25 (,, ) 3463 2 8 5 (, ) - 242 5 17 (, ) 3470 243 6 5 ( ) ( ) 3472 244 5 24 (, ) 3474 245 5 13 (, ) 3475 245 11 7 (, ) 3478 247 3 24 ( ) (, )... ( ) - 248 2 12 (, ) 3482 249 3 2 (, ) 3506 259 8 6 (, ) 3507 260 1 (,, ) (, ) 3511 261 6 15 (,, ) 3514 262 11 29 ( )? ( ) ( ) 6
2: ΔT OPP.# YMD Delta T Remarks 3372 200.09.26 ΔT <11110 ( ) 3399 212.08.14 ΔT <11800 38 216.06.03 ΔT <121 ( ) 3420 221.08.05 ΔT <10480 3423 223.01.19 ΔT <7500 8900 < ΔT 3478 247.03.24 7750 < ΔT 3538 273.05.04 200 < ΔT <10900 3546 277.02.20 ΔT <60 70 < ΔT 3571 288.07.16 ΔT <10600 3611 6.07.27 6500 < ΔT <7850 ( ) 3632 316.07.06 ΔT <5150 5650 < ΔT 3687 341.03.04 ΔT <7770 80 < ΔT < 0.99 37 360.08.28 7100 < ΔT <9450 3747 368.04.04 ΔT <110 ( ), ;. ( )... 273 5 4, 200 < ΔT, ΔT <10900 ( 11 ). 277 2 20,., ΔT <60, 70 < ΔT ( 12 ). 288. 6 7 27, 6500 < ΔT <7850., 6, 316, 341, 360 368 2. Stephenson([2]). Fotheringham([13]), Stephenson 364 6 16., ΔT = 8100, ΔT = 80 ΔT = 80. 3 ΔT,.,, 3 1. 1, 2,.., 2 50,, 2., Stephenson (1997) 360 ΔT 2 ΔT. 4 200 ΔT [1], 158 100 ΔT 500,.,. Stephenson (1997) Fig 14.1, ΔT, 1 1 ( ). 1 7
,,, 2, ΔT 2., ΔT 2,., 19 ΔT. ΔT TT UT ΔT =TT UT. TT Newcomb ET. Newcomb 19 100 UT., 19 100 ΔT,. 150 ΔT 66. LOD (Legth of Day), 1970 24 +3 ms, 19 24, 1998, 2011 LOD 24 +1 ms., 150 LOD 3ms 1ms ( 5 UT1 UTC( ) UTC TAI( ), 6 LOD 24h, UT 1955 7. UT1, UTC, TAI, 19 UT1 UTC 32.184 ΔT ). 4 0-4 -8-12 -16-20 -24-28 -32-36 4 0-4 -8-12 -16-20 -24-28 -32-36 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 5: UT1 TAI( ) UTC TAI( ) 200 ΔT. Stephenson (1997), ΔT 200 LOD 24 26 ms. ΔT 100 950. 100 500, LOD 24 +14 ms, ms., ω, ω ms/24 h = 4.6 10 7. 8
ms 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0-0.5-1.0 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 6: LOD 24h L = Iω, ω, I. I 4.6 10 7. I =0.4MR 2 (M, R ), I =0.33MR 2 =8.0 10 37 kg m 2., M =5.972 10 24 kg, R =6.37 10 6 m.,,,. ΔI =(2/3)mR 2 (m ) ΔI =(4.6 10 7 ) (8.0 10 37 )kgm 2 =3.7 10 31 kg m 2, R =6.37 10 6 m m =1.4 10 18 kg = 1.4 10 21 g. 3.61 10 8 km 2 =3.61 10 18 cm 2, 1.0 g/cm 3 ( 1.01 1.05 g/cm 3 ), h h =(1.4 10 21 g)/(1.0 g/cm 3 )/(3.61 10 18 cm 2 ) = 390 cm, 4m., 1.4 10 7 km 2 =1.4 10 17 cm 2, 0.9 g/cm 3, D D =(1.4 10 21 g)/(0.9 g/cm 3 )/(1.4 10 17 cm 2 )=11, 000 cm = 110 m, 100 m. 100, LOD 24 +14 ms.,. 9
5 [1], 247 ΔT >7750.. 247 3 24. ΔT = 8500, 8900, 9700 3, 0.99. 7,,, 0.99 0.98.,.,, ([12]). 247,,,. [1], : 2010, 13, 85 99. [2] Stephenson, F.R.: 1997, Historical Eclipses and Earth s Rotation, Cambridge University Press. [3] ( ): 1964,,. [4],,, ( ): 1994, ( ),, 4 1. [5], : 2009, :,,, 713 715. [6], : 2008, 11-34. [7] Sôma, M., Tanikawa, K. and Kawabata, K.-A.: 2003, Earth s rate of rotation between 700 BC and 1000 AD derived from ancient solar eclipses, Journées 2003. [8] : 1987,, ; ( ),,106 137. [9] :,. [10] :,. [11] :,. [12] : 2003,,. [13] Fotheringham, J.K.: 1920, MN 81, 104 126. 10
Solar Eclipse 247 3 24 36 35 34 33 32 125 126 127 128 129 1 131 132 133 134 135 TT - UT = 8500.0 sec Corr. to tidal term 0.00 "/cy^2 - - - Magnitude 0.990 Solar Eclipse 247 3 24 36 35 34 33 32 125 126 127 128 129 1 131 132 133 134 135 TT - UT = 8900.0 sec Corr. to tidal term 0.00 "/cy^2 - - - Magnitude 0.990 Solar Eclipse 247 3 24 36 35 34 Asuka 33 32 128 129 1 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 TT - UT = 9700.0 sec Corr. to tidal term 0.00 "/cy^2 - - - Magnitude 0.990 7: 247 3 24., 0.99. ΔT = 7750,. 11
. 2 ΔT. 50 Solar Eclipse 200 9 26 Jianye Asuka 110 120 1 1 TT - UT = 11110.0 sec Corr. to tidal term 0.00 "/cy^2 8: 200 9 26., 0.95. 12
Solar Eclipse 212 8 14 35 105 110 115 120 125 TT - UT = 11800.0 sec Corr. to tidal term 0.00 "/cy^2 9: 212 8 14., 0.95 Solar Eclipse 216 6 3 35 105 110 115 120 125 TT - UT = 121.0 sec Corr. to tidal term 0.00 "/cy^2 10: 216 6 3. 13
Solar Eclipse 221 8 5 35 105 110 115 120 125 TT - UT = 10480.0 sec Corr. to tidal term 0.00 "/cy^2 11: 221 8 5. 14
Solar Eclipse 223 1 19 Chengdu Jianye Asuka 100 110 120 1 1 TT - UT = 7500.0 sec Corr. to tidal term 0.00 "/cy^2 Solar Eclipse 223 1 19 Chengdu Jianye Asuka 100 110 120 1 1 TT - UT = 8900.0 sec Corr. to tidal term 0.00 "/cy^2 12: 223 1 19., 0.95. 15
Solar Eclipse 273 5 4 35 100 105 110 115 120 125 1 TT - UT = 10900.0 sec Corr. to tidal term 0.00 "/cy^2 Solar Eclipse 273 5 4 35 100 105 110 115 120 125 1 TT - UT =-200.0 sec Corr. to tidal term 0.00 "/cy^2 13: 273 5 4., 0.95. ΔT = 10900, ΔT = 200. 16
Solar Eclipse 277 2 20 Kyoto Mizushima Asuka 100 110 120 1 1 TT - UT = 70.0 sec Corr. to tidal term 0.00 "/cy^2 Solar Eclipse 277 2 20 Kyoto Mizushima Asuka 100 110 120 1 1 TT - UT = 60.0 sec Corr. to tidal term 0.00 "/cy^2 14: 277 2 20., 0.95. 17
Solar Eclipse 288 7 16 Chengdu Jianye Asuka 100 110 120 1 1 TT - UT = 8100.0 sec Corr. to tidal term 0.00 "/cy^2 Solar Eclipse 288 7 16 Chengdu Jianye Asuka 100 110 120 1 1 TT - UT = 10600.0 sec Corr. to tidal term 0.00 "/cy^2 15: 288 7 16., 0.95. 18
Solar Eclipse 6 7 27 Kyoto Mizushima Asuka 100 110 120 1 1 TT - UT = 7850.0 sec Corr. to tidal term 0.00 "/cy^2 Solar Eclipse 6 7 27 Kyoto Mizushima Asuka 100 110 120 1 1 TT - UT = 6500.0 sec Corr. to tidal term 0.00 "/cy^2 16: 6 7 27., 0.95. 19
Solar Eclipse 316 7 6 Kyoto Mizushima Asuka 100 110 120 1 1 TT - UT = 5650.0 sec Corr. to tidal term 0.00 "/cy^2 Solar Eclipse 316 7 6 Kyoto Mizushima Asuka 100 110 120 1 1 TT - UT = 5150.0 sec Corr. to tidal term 0.00 "/cy^2 17: 316 7 6., 0.95. 20
Solar Eclipse 341 3 4 Kyoto Mizushima Asuka 100 110 120 1 1 TT - UT = 80.0 sec Corr. to tidal term 0.00 "/cy^2 - - - Magnitude 0.990 Solar Eclipse 341 3 4 Kyoto Mizushima Asuka 100 110 120 1 1 TT - UT = 7770.0 sec Corr. to tidal term 0.00 "/cy^2 - - - Magnitude 0.990 18: 341 3 4. 0.99. 21
Solar Eclipse 360 8 28 Kyoto Mizushima Asuka 100 110 120 1 1 TT - UT = 7100.0 sec Corr. to tidal term 0.00 "/cy^2 Solar Eclipse 360 8 28 Kyoto Mizushima Asuka 100 110 120 1 1 TT - UT = 9450.0 sec Corr. to tidal term 0.00 "/cy^2 19: 360 8 28., 0.95. 22
Solar Eclipse 368 4 4 35 110 115 120 125 1 135 1 TT - UT = 110.0 sec Corr. to tidal term 0.00 "/cy^2 20: 368 4 4., 0.95. 23