82 4 332 345 2009 1 I Pearce 1995 49 Woo and Page 1999 Hwang et al. 2006 Smith 1977 Pearce 1995 6 Thurot 1 1991 4 WTO World Tourism Organization 19992020 1 6. 2% 2 332
1996 2002 2002 2005 2005 2005 2006 2 II 1 1 1 333 1949 1978 1978 1985 1780 1978 9. 7 3 1983 1987 2002 1997 3 1997 800 2005 3000 ADS 4 1999 2006 3 79 5 1 ADS
1 2005 2007 http://nippon.zaidan.info/index.html Fig. 1 Distribution of destinations of Chinese outbound travelers, 2005 ADS 6 6 2 1972 2008 334 2000 9 2004 2005 2003 VJC 1
1 2007 Table 1 Origin of foreign tourists to Japan, 2007 260 31. 2 139 16. 6 94 11. 3 82 9. 8 43 5. 2 22 2. 7 14 1. 7 13 1. 5 22 2. 7 17 2. 0 17 2. 0 15 1. 8 97 11. 6 VJC JNTO 2 1970 1980 3 77% 7 8 3 9 335 2 2000 2006 JNTO Fig. 2 Change in the number of Chinese visitors to Japan, 2000 2006 5 10 5 40 2005 11 5 15 2
262 2008 12 III 1 100 50 2006 2 4 50 13 205 189 2 3 14 15 5 6 83 44% 36 7 44 23% 4 5 3 4 4 7 89% 10 5 6 6 7 6 8 7 1 3 4 4 5 4 5 3 2006 2006 2 4 n 189 Fig. 3 Number of days and prices of Chinese package tours to Japan, 2006 336
2 189 142 76 14 4 1997 2001 5 4 2006 2006 2 4 n 189 Fig. 4 Distribution of tourist destinations in Chinese package tours, 2006 337
5 2006 2006 2 4 n 189 Fig. 5 Frequency of tourist sites in Chinese package tours, 2006 3 T O 189 125 3 2 2 2 2 338 2 T O 2006 Table 2 Typical routes between Tokyo and Osaka, 2006 6, 480 88, 000 1 2 3 4 5 6 T O
3 2006 Table 3 Typical routes in Hokkaido, 2006 12, 980 176, 500 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 4 2006 Table 4 Typical routes in Kyushu, 2006 11, 280 164, 900 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 T O T O 26 319 T O 4 3 5 339 4 1 9 13 15
5 2006 2008 Table 5 Shopping activity of Chinese tourists in Tokyo, 2006 2008 1 50 F T 50, 000 2 50 M T 11, 000 3 40 M T 250, 000 4 30 F T 68, 000 5 20 F T 15, 000 6 20 F T 25, 000 7 40 M B 20, 000 8 30 M B 45, 000 9 30 M B 40, 000 10 20 F B 10, 000 FMT B 2006 7 2008 4 15 1 2002 1 7, 099 7, 789 2 JNTO 2005 ACNielsen TFWA 987 2004 16 340 1983 5 JNTO 1 20 IV III
8 4 5 1 1989 31% 260 1 1979 1987 2007 139 1 2006 11 12 4 6 a 6 b (a) (b) 6 2006 a. b. 2006 11 12 n 206 2006 11 12 n 342 Fig. 6 Distribution of tourist destinations in Korean and Taiwanese package tours, 2006 341
17 2 1 3 18 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 4 5 1 342 V 1
2007 1 2007 2008 8 26 2009 2 7 1) Thurot C A B 2) Arlt 2006 3) 4) ADS Approval Destination Status ADS Arlt 2006 40 50 5) 81 6) 7) 8) 100% 30% 2005 8 29 343 9) 10) 2006 3 31 14. 62 11) 2000 2005 4 151, 827 473 5 12) http://www.churenkyo.com/index.html 2008 10 23 13) 14) 23 23 15 16) The Nielsen Company 2005. AC Nielsen-TFWA http://cn.nielsen. com/news/20050519.shtml 2008 10 23 17) Woo and Page 1999 18) 76. 3% 90. 5% 36. 6% JNTO 2006 1997 2002 2002. 1 163 169 2005 14 19 34 V. L. 1991
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Geographical Review of Japan Series A 82 4 332 345 2009 Spatial Characteristics of Chinese Tourist Activities in Japan JIN Yushi (Graduate student, University of Tsukuba) The emergence and development of Chinese outbound tourism have been the result of an open policy and economic reform in China since the end of the 1980s. The rapid development of outbound tourism has been promoted by increases in income and leisure time, easing of international and domestic limitations, and improved infrastructure. In Japan, the balance of payments deficit in outbound tourism has continued for a long time. Currently, Japan s government is trying to improve this disadvantageous situation. China, as a potential source of inbound visitors for Japan, has a vital position in the Visit Japan Campaign, which aims at significantly increasing the number of foreign tourists to Japan. However, there is little research on the spatial characteristics of Chinese tourists. The purpose of this study was to examine the spatial characteristics of Chinese tourists in Japan by analyzing package tours offered in China. Most package tours of Japan have similar destinations. There is a distinctive regional inequality in tourist destinations among Chinese visitors compared with Korean and Taiwanese tourists. The main destinations of Chinese tourists are large cities such as Tokyo and Osaka. Chinese tourists are mainly attracted to shopping and exploring lively streets in cities. In addition to these activities, package tours include side trips to volcanoes and Japanese-style hot springs near these cities. Therefore Chinese tourist spaces in Japan are focused on metropolitan areas like Tokyo and Osaka. Presently, Chinese tours to Japan are limited only to group tours; certain limitations and restrictions are still in place. Therefore Chinese tourists generally must see many attractions and products when they travel to Japan. Key words: Chinese visitors, outbound tourism, tourist activities, Chinese tourists in Japan, metropolitan areas 345