Bulletin of Toyohashi Sozo Junior College 39 2001, No. 18, 39 67 EU IAS EU EU 1) EU 4 EU4 EC 1978EU4 True and Fair View : TFV 2) EU4 EU 1 Steve Lawrence, International Accounting, International Thomson Business Press, 1996, p.160. 2 ASB : Accounting Standards Board ASC : Accounting Standards Committee ASSC : Accounting Standards Steering Committee FRC : Financial Reporting Council FRED : Financial Reporting Exposure Draft FRRP : Financial Reporting Review Panel FRS : Financial Reporting Standards CCAB : Consultative Committee of Accountancy Bodies IAS : International Accounting Standards ICAEW : Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales RQB : Recognized Qualifying Bodies RSB : Recognized Supervisory Bodies SSAP : Statement of Standard Accounting Practice SPFR : Statement of Principles for Financial Reporting TFV : True and Fair View
40 Gladstone Committee Report 19 1844 1973 1855 EU 3) EU EU 1856 IAS 1890 4) 1834 1895 1837 Davey Committee 3 1999 FIBV 4,8294,400429 3,0252,6194062,2741,8264481,935 1,892431,281 1,28101,144 968176 851 617234 2 3 4 1993 551 557 Haskins Mark E., Ferris Kenneth R., Selling Thomas I., International Financial Reporting and Analysis, 2 nd edition, Irwin McGraw-Hill, 2000, pp. 235 247.
41 Report 1900 1942 1969 ICAEW 1945 Cohen Committee Report 1947 1906 TFV Loreburn Committee Report 1862 1 1948 1907 public limited company : PLC 1947 1948 1907 1908 1967 1972 1973 EU 1976 1931 1980 EU2 Royal Mail Steam Packet 1981 EU4
42 1983 EU7 1984 EU8 18 ASB 19481981 1986 19851989 1988 Dearing Report 1989 EU7EU8 TFV EU7 1983 EU 89 Department of Trade and Industry TFV EU8 TFV FRC 1989 ICAEW TFV 19911994 ASB 5) 854schedule 4 1999 ASB 312 1 5 85 226 4 5
43 substance over Form SPFR ASB ASB SPFR 1999128 SPFR SPFR 6) 18 18 3 1844 Joint Stock Companies Act 8) 1844 publicity Accounting Standards Board : ASB 7) FASBIASC 1991 1994 Statement of Principles for Financial EU Reporting : SPFR 4 47 1 1989 6 85 242 7 ICAEW, The Making of Accounting Standards (Report of Review Committee under the chairmanship of Sir Ron Dearing CB), 1988, paras. 5.5, 5.6, 7.2, 7.3. 8 8 3 1999 2 43
44 198585 4, 36A85 2262 the state of affairstfv TFV 1985 TFV 10) EU 1annual return 2 19854 annual reports and accounts 226 3 2.1 226 4 4 2.2 2.3 TFV 2.4 2.5 1 9) 11) TFV Accounting Standards TFV Committee : ASC IASC IAS 1989 IAS 9 226 5 10 1995 48 11 46
45 12) 1 13) 12 JICPA19961128 13 46
46 SSAP ASC SSAP 15) SSAP 1990 725 SSAP ASC 6 1970 SSAP ICAEW1942 1980 SSAP 69 29 Recommendations of Accounting Principles SSAP ICAEW TFV 16) ASC SSAP 1970 1 R. Accounting Dearing Standards Steering Committee : ASSC 19889 5 19762 ASC ASC 14) ICAEW 6 Accounting Standards Board : ASB Consultative ASB Committee of Accountancy Bodies : CCAB Financial Reporting Council : FRC Statement of Standard Accounting Practice : 14Solomons D., The Politicization of Accounting : The Impact of Politics on Accounting Standards, The Journal of Accountancy, Vol. 146, No.5, November 1978, pp. 65 72. 15 P.B.W. Miller and R.J. Redding, The FASB : The People, the Process, and the Politics, 2 nd ed., Irwin, 1988, p. 9. 1989 21 23 16 Cooper and Lybrand, Accounting Comparisons UK/IAS, Accounting Books, The Institute s Publisher, November 1996, p. 3.
47 Financial Reporting Review Panel : Financial Reporting FRRP1989 Exposure Draft : FRED 1993FRSIAS 18) ASSC ASCCCAB FRS 1990 7 8 ASB IASC ASB ASB FRCFRRP 3 ASB FASB FRS IAS ASB FRS ASC22 IAS SSAP FRS IAS SSAP6101423 ASB ASB965 7 Financial Reporting IAS ASB ASC Standards : FRSFRS GAAP SSAP SSAP 1988 ASB FASB IASC 17) FRS 1991 1995 SPFR FRRP SSAP FRS ASB ASB 1999 12 FRS 17 David Alexander and Simon Archer, European Accounting Guide, 2 nd ed., Harcourt Brace Professional Publishing, 1995, p. 915. 8 3 1999 2 43 18 JICPA19961129
48 6 9 3 SPFR SPFR SPFR IASC 2 FASB i ii 2 10 12 TFV IASC TFV SPFR FASB ASB TFV SPFR SPFRTFV
49 TFV SPFR SPFR SPFR FASB 3233IASC TFV 12 13 FASB TFVIASC 46 1.6 TFV 14 SPFR SPFR SPFR 1.1 2 1.3 SPFR18SPFR 1.4 SPFR
50 1.8 1.10 11 IASC 10 FASB 1.9 2 SPFR FASB58 SPFRFASB SPFR 2.1 1.12 2.2 2 19) 19 ASB, The Statement of Principles for Financial Reporting, 1999, Introduction, p. 12.
51 2.3 IASC SPFR 2.6 3.9 3.20 4 FASB 2 33 SPFR 3 SPFR 1 2 3 4 FASB 2 33 3.23.5 FASB 2
52 3.21 3.22 3.26 3.27 3 20) 20 ASB, op. cit., p. 34.
53 A 1980 B C FASB 40 3.28 3.29 TFV 1948 2282 TFV 3.33 TFV TFV TFV EU 1985
54 1986 Companies 21) 2000 (Northern Ireland) Order 1986 8548 TFV 67768081 1989226 89 15 85 221262 7 89 1 EU1980EU2 81 EU489 EU7EU8 8189 TFV EU4 public EU limited company : PLCprivate EU limited company : Ltd. PLC EU Ltd. Reserve for own shares PLC 22) PLC Ltd. 1999 960,000 Ltd. 21 Ernst & Young, World Accounting, New York, 1993, UK, p. 53. 22 Haskins Mark E., Ferris Kenneth R., Selling Thomas I., International Financial Reporting and Analysis, 2 nd edition, Irwin McGraw-Hill, 2000, p. 240.
55 CIMA 6 3 280 1970 280 1,120 140 140 560 24) 5050250 1990ASB 2 PLC 1844 1948 16 Recognized Qualifying Bodies : RQB Recognized Supervisory Bodies : RSB 6 1854 1989EU8 23) Chartered Accountant : CA ICAEW TFV ICAS ICAI ACCA CIPFA 23 1993 92 93 24 David Alexander and Simon Archer, European Accounting Guide, 2 nd edition, Harcourt Brace Professional Publishing, 1995, p. 915.
56 25) 1995 35Ltd. 26) EU Statement of Total Recognised Gains and Losses PLC EU4 EU4 47 1 471 ASB notes 27) 28) 25 Chopping, David and Len Skerratt, Applying GAAP 1995/96 : A Practical Guide to Financial Reporting, Kent, 1995, pp. 592 603. 26 Nobes, Christopher and Robert Parker, Comparative International Accounting, 4 th ed., Hertfordshire, 1995, p. 190. 27 Nobes, Christopher and Parker Robert, Comparative International Accounting, 5 th ed., 1998, p. 109. 28 Laidler J. & Donaghy P., Understanding UK Annual Reports & Accounting, A Case Study Approach, 1998, p. 45. Annual Report and AccountsAnnual ReportReport and Accounts
57 199212 Code of Best Practice 5 6 29) 19915FRC Cadbury Committee 4 30) 29 Grier Nicolas, UK Company Law, John Wily & Sons, 1998, p. 349. 30 Nobes, Christopher and Parker Robert, Comparative International Accounting, 5 th ed., 1998, p. 110.
58 31) 2381 3 Reconcilation of Movements in Shareholders Funds EU4 1 31 8 3 1999 2 52 54
59 note on historical cost profits and losses FASB, IAS FRS1 43 36 1933 1997 IAS1
60 FRC 1945 19836EU7 19471948 1985 1989 1948 19671985 EU7 1990 6 ASC 1989 199012 ASB 1948 SSAP14Interim Statement ICAEW1977720 1992 7 FRS2 1978 9 ICAEW ASC 32) SSAP14 3 EU71989 19927199212 1989 FRS2FRS2 227 2 SSAP14 FRS2p. 9footnote 1985 19854A 1988 SSAP1 TFV 32 1997 244
61 TFV TFV 33) 3 280 2801,120 140 140560 50 50250 2 2 249 336 1344 280 1120 168 672 140 560 50 250 notes Registrar 1995 35 34) EU 1985 1989FRS2 33 Nobes, Christopher and Robert Parker, Comparative International Accounting, 4th ed., Hertfordshire, 1995, p. 177. 34 Ibid., p. 190.
62 258 2 FRS2 accountsfrs financial statements participating interest 227 35) 2 FRS2 20 21 2 258 EU 1 228 100 50 memorandumarticles 5 6 35 258 10A 2 10A 3 260
63 EU 248 1 EU 7 21987 319822 41986 SSAPIAS i ii IAS iii 1 20 IAS EU
64 20 5 5 IAS 20 5 20 IAS IAS
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66 IAS IASC IAS IAS SSAP SSAP IAS SSAP IAS 1990ASC ASBSSAPFRS ASB IAS Cable & WirelessFibernet 2 EU FRS1020 EU Chrysalis 50 SSAP WHSmith TFVEU 17000 36) 36 Accountant, 2000 Feb.
67 TFV FRC FRRP IAS IAS 2000 5 International Organization of Securities Commissions : IOSCO 10 C 1 37) 37 8 3 1999 2 7 4 1998 3 7 3 1998 2 EU7 7 1 1997 9 731998 2 7 1 1997 9 EU 6 2 1997 1 EU 6 2 1997 1