26 1 22 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 30.0 cm 1.59 kg 110kPa, 42.1 C, 18.0m/s 107kPa c p =1.02kJ/kgK 278J/kgK 30.0 C, 250kPa (c p = 1.02kJ/kgK, R = 287J/kgK) 18.0 C m/s 16.9 C 320kPa 270 m/s C c p = 1.02kJ/kgK, R = 292J/kgK 50.0mm 1.20kg/m 3 40.0m/s W N 50.0g 100 10.0m/s 45.0 10.0mm 0.580MPa 60.0 C kg/s (c p =1.021kJ/kgK R=287J/kgK) 7 4.00km( -11.0 C 89.0kPa) 80.0 C km/h c p =992J/kgK, κ =1.38
8 300 mm 2.50 m/s L/s ( ) 1.13 kg/m 3 9 0.160 MPa 240 C 5.00mm 120 kpa ( ) kg/s c p = 1.02kJ/kgK, R = 287J/kgK 10 101kPa, 17.0 C 118 C 870m 3 R = 287J/kgK 11 20.0 C 101kPa 110kg 1.20km 3 280 C N 287J/kgK 12 30.0 C( 31.8mmHg) 80.0% 24.0 C( 22.4mmHg) 13 26.0 C 85.0% 1kg 5.00g 14 P atm T 1 C φ 1 T 2 C φ 2 1kg 15 30.0 C( 31.8 mmhg) 65.0% g/kg 16 12.0 C 85.0% 24.0 C 101kPa
17 101kPa 35.0 C, 60.0% ( 5.62kPa) 18 35.0 C, 60.0% ( 42.2mmHg) 19 (NH 4 ) 10.0 C 2.00MPa (NH 4 ) 20 250 C 100kPa 21 2.50MPa 500 C ( 3.46MJ/kg, 7.32kJ/kgK) 10.0kPa x 22 2.00MPa 450 C 34.0 C 23 80.0 C 0.800 1kg 24 131 8 6000 (Bq) 1000Bq 1/2 t N 0 τ 25 N = N 0 e t τ 150mm ( 0.800W/mK) 200 C 40.0 C 1m 2 W
26 A,B l A λ 1.25W/mK A T A 140 C B T B 55.0 C A B T m 85.0 C B T A A B T m λa λb T B 27 24.0W/mK 418W/mK 12.0 mm 2.50kW/m 2 28 C =120J/K A =0.0850m 2 T 1 =120 C T a =15.0 C h =6.45W/m 2 K T 2 =40.0 C 29 150mm A B 30 7.00mm 35.0W/mK 1.05k C 150 C 300W/m 2 K 6.00kW/m 2 K 1m 2 W/m 2
1 h 1 + 1 2 w2 1 + Q ṁ = h 2 + 1 2 w2 2 26 1 22 h 1 = h 2 c p ṁ = ρ 1 w 1 S = ρ 2 w 2 S w 2 = w 1 ρ 1 ρ 2 = P 1 RT 2 w 1 RT 1 P 2 Q = 1 ( ) w2 2 w1 2 = 1 { (w2 ) 2 2ṁ 2ṁw2 1 1} 2 w 1 = 1 2ṁw2 1 { (P1 ) 2 1} P 2 14.7W. w 1 = 0 h 1 + 1 2 w2 1 = h 2 + 1 2 w2 2 w 2 = 2(h 1 h 2 ) = 2c p (T 1 T 2 ) 156m/s 3 w 1 = 0 h 1 = h 2 + 1 2 w2 2 dh = c p dt ( ) T 2 = T 1 1 2c p w 2 2-18.9 C 4 ṁkg/s ṁ = vρ πd2 4 E E = 1 2ṁv2 M M = ṁv E v 3 M v 2 E [kg/s m 2 /s 2 = Nm/s = W] M [kg/s m/s = N] 75.4W 3.77N
5 M = mv v v = V cos θ 2M n M t = nmv cos θ N 70.7N 6 κrt 2 w 2 = 2c p (T 1 T 2 ) = κrt 2 2c p T 2 = T 1 P 2 = P 1 ( T 2 ) cp/r κr + 2c p T 1 m = Sw 2P 2 = πd2 P 2 κ RT 2 4 RT 2 101g/s 7 h 1 + 1 2 w2 = h 2 T 2 = T 1 + w2 2c p w w = 2c p (T 2 T 1 ) 8 425m/s 1.53km/h V S ρ w ṁ = ρ V = ρsw = ρ πd2 4 w V = 0.177m 3 /s = 177 L/s, 0.200kg/s
9 ṁ = ρ 2 w 2 A ρ 2 ρ 2 = P 2 RT 2 h 1 = h 2 + 1 2 w2 2 w 2 = 2(h 1 h 2 ) = 2c p (T 1 T 2 ) T 2 T 2 = T 1 ( P2 P 1 ) R/cp T 2 =473 K w 2 = 2 1020(513.15 473) = 285.302258425523 2 ṁ = ρ 2 w 2 A 2 = P 2 RT 2 w 2 A 2 10 4.95 g/s; P 0 T 0 F up = mg = P 0V 0 RT 0 g F down = m 0 g F = (m m 0 )g 11 2.68k N F m F up F = mg + F up F up = P 0V R ( 1 1 )g mg T 0 T 5.58kN
12 x = x 1 x 2 x 1 φp s 1 x 1 = 0.622 = 0.0216 P φp s 1 kg/kg 100% x 2 P s 2 x 2 = 0.622 = 0.0189 P P s 2 kg/kg x 1 x 2 (10.7) h 1 = c pa t 1 + x 1 (c pw t 1 + r 0 ) = 85.2 kj/kg c pa = 1.005kJ/kgK, c pw = 1.865kJ/kgK, r 0 = 2501kJ/kg h 2 =72.1kJ/kg h = h 1 h 2 = 13.1kJ/kg 13 2.69g/kg, 13.1kJ/kg ( x 1 ) (x d ) x 2 x 2 = x 1 x d 26.0 C 25.2 mmhg φ 1 P s x 1 = 0.622 P φ 1 P s = 0.0180 x d x 2 = x 1 x d kg/kg φ 2 P s x 2 = 0.622 P φ 2 P s = 0.0130 x 2 P φ 2 φ 2 = (0.622 + x 2 )P s = 0.619 61.9% 14 x 1 x 2 x = x 1 x 2 φ 1 P s1 φ 2 P s2 x 1 = 0.622, x 2 = 0.622 P atm φ 1 P s1 P atm φ 2 P s2 P s1 P s2 T 1 T 2 x 1 x 2 x
15 t ψ φp s x = 0.622 P φp s kg/kg P = 760mmHg, P s = 31.8mmHg 17.4 g/kg 16 P = 101kPa p s1 =188kPa φ 1 p s1 x = 0.622 = 742 10 5 kg = 7.42g P φ 1 p s1 p s2 =399kPa φ φ 2 = x P 0.622 + x p s2 39.9% 17 100% x φp s x = 0.622 = 0.0214kg/kg P 0 φp s x φ = 1.0 x P s x = 21.4g/kg 18 26.1 C 100% x x = 0.622ϕP s /(P 0 ϕp s )=26.1kg/kg 21.4g/kg 26.1 C
19 20 97 C 1870kJ/kg 2.97kJ/kg 2.41m 3 /kg 8.03kJ/kgK 21 s 2 = s 1 10.0kPa (h,h, s, s ) p.190 s 2 = (1 x)s + xs x x 22 x = s 2 s 7.32 0.649 s s = 8.15 0.649 = 0.890 0.890 2.00MPa 450 C h 1 =3.36MJ/kg s 1 = 7.28kJ/kgK 34.0 C s 2 = s 1 36 C x = (s 2 s )/(s s ) x =0.862 x h 2 = (1 x)h + xh
1.13kJ/kg 23 80.0 C v, v m 3 /kg, h, h kj/kg 24 v = (1 x)v + xv, h = (1 x)h + xh 2.73m 3 /kg, 2.18MJ/kg N 0 = 6000 N = 1000 τ = 8 24 t t = τ ln N N 0 25 344 14 8 q l r λ q = λ t 1 t 2 l t 1, t 2 853W/m 2 26 A,B l q T A, T B T m λ B q = λ A l (T m T A ) = λ B l (T B T m ) λ B = λ A T m T A T B T m B 2.29W/mK
27 D q = k dt dx = k δt D δt = qd k 28 1.25 C 0.0718 C q = h(t T a ) CT 29 C dt dt = Ah(T T a) ln T T a T 1 T a = Ah C t t = C Ah ln T 1 T a T T a 4.00sec q λ q l A : q = λ A t A /l B : q = λ B t B /l q λ A /λ B = t B / t A t B B
30 α 1 α 2 T 1 T 2 λ q q = α 1 (T f1 T 1 ) q = λ T 1 T 2 d q = α 2 (T 2 T f2 ) q = T f1 T f2 1 α 1 + d λ + 1 α 2 T f1 T 1 T 2 T f2 243kW/m 2 239 C, 191 C