PM 2.5 PM 2.5 UV-LED UV-LED 375 nm TiO 2 TiO 2 5 10 1 cm 200 5 ppm 9012.4 µmol h -1 1:2 2 25.43 µmol h -1 1 m 3 20 ppm 8 60 779 L A/PR/8/1934 H1N1 RNA 7 28 RNA PM2.5 TiO2 PM 2.5 VOC Hess et al., 2016; Nazaroff, 2016; Rohr and McDonald, 2016; WHO, 2006; Mukherjee and Agrawal, 2017 WHO, 2016a VOC TiO 2 Fujishima and Honda, 1972; Ochiai et al., 2014 TiO 2 e h + O 2 + e O 2 OH + h + OH TiO 2 400 nm e h + e O 2 O 2 h+ H 2O OH O 2 OH 1 < 10 µm
2902 Shiraki et al., Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 17: 2901 2912, 2017 McLean, 1961; Schulman and Kilbourne, 1962; Moser et al., 1979; Knight, 1980; Goldmann, 2000 54 72 3 Moser et al., 1979 A 50% TCID 50 127 320 0.6 3 TCID 50 Alford et al., 1966; Couch et al., 1971; Murphy et al., 1973; Couch and Kasel, 1983 2 m 100 µm Xie et al., 2007 sahi et al., 2001; Huang et al., 2009; Li et al.,2012 Lu et al., 2011; Daikoku, 2015; Vallejo et al., 2015 VOC VOC Zhao and Yang, 2003; Hodgson et al., 2007; Mo et al., 2009; Tseng et al., 2010; Huang et al., 2016 Zan et al., 2007; Rizzo, 2009; Guglielmotti et al., 2011 Daikoku, 2015 TiO 2 40 pg m -3 16 pg m -3 7.5 2.8 pg m -3 80% Daikoku, 2015 PM 2.5 HEPA TiO 2 352 nm UV-LED 375 nm TiO 2 UV-LED HEPA JEMA JEM1467 32 m 3 PM 2.5 UACJ Corporation TiO 2 Ishihara Sangyo Kaisha Ltd. TiO 2 APS Japan Co., Ltd. TiO 2 TiO 2 UV-LED375 nm 1 6 48 0.03 cm 2 300 m 2 Grätzel, 2003 2 TiO 2 UV-LED 12 375 nm 2 W Nichia Corporation TiO 2 HEPA 1 0.1 5 HEPA H-11 Airclean Ltd. 2 800 g 64 g 435 412 180 mm5.2 kg 32.7% 460 306 75 mm 59.3% 3.2 kg 352 nm UV-LED UV 10 3,000 UV-LED 4 12,000 3 126 66 m 3 h -1 VOCFIS Inc. 1.0 µm PPD42NJ Shinyei Technology Co. LTD.
Shiraki et al., Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 17: 2901 2912, 2017 2903 1. TiO2 UV-LED TiO2 UV-LED Video Photocatalysis
2904 Shiraki et al., Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 17: 2901 2912, 2017 UV-LED TiO2 HEPA 2. 2 HEPA HEPA H-11 HEPA 1 0.1 5% 6 UV-LED 375 nm 2 W Nichia Corporation TiO2 1 HEPA UV-LED HEPA JIS JIS R1701-2 1 cm 2 1 mw 351 ± 2 nm 49.5 mm 99.5 mm 9.5 mm 5 ppm 1.56% 25 ± 2 50 1 L min -1 49.5 mm 99.5 mm 9.5 mm CH4 < 0.1 ppm GC-2014AFF, Shimadzu CorporationDaikoku, 2015 JFRL 1 m 3 92 L; Gastec Corporation 20 ppm 0 10 30 60 UV-LED MDCK A/PR/8/1934 H1N1 Kurokawa et al., 1996; Furuta et al., 2002; Kurokawa et al., 2002; Furuta et al., 2005; Kurokawa et al., 2010; Daikoku, 20150.3 mg ml -1 L- 6% MEM; Nissui Pharmaceutical MDCK VDM 50 µg ml-1 diethylaminoethyl-dextran hydrochloride DEAED 0.1% BSA MEM 0.001 MOI MDCK MDCK VGM 0.3 mg ml -1 L- 10 mm HEPES ph 7.550 µg ml -1 DEAED 0.1% BSA 0.7 µg ml-1 TPCK Sigma-Aldrich MEM 34 6 250 µl VDM 10 MDCK 0.7% 50 µg ml -1
Shiraki et al., Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 17: 2901 2912, 2017 2905 VGM 34 2 3 APS Japan Co., Ltd. TiO 2 Daikoku, 2015 7 15 µm 9.8 10 9 PFU 14 ML 92 92 92 cm 779 L 45 L RNA 0 3 7 15 28 0.45 µm 47 mm Merck Millipore 1 22 50% 60% 1 1 3 ml VDM 3 ml VDM 10 6 MDCK RNA Daikoku, 2015 1 ml VDM 45 L RNA High Pure Viral RNA Roche Diagnostics 7.0 10 8 PFU MDCK 1 ml RNA 20 µl RNA Uni12 5 -agcgaaagcagg-3 ReverTra Ace qpcr RT Kit Toyobo Bio PCR 37 15 2 µl PCR 5 -ctaatcagacatgagaacagaatggt-3 5 -ctagcctgactagcaacctccatg-3 M SYBR Premix Ex Taq II Tli RNaseH Plus; Takara Bio PCR RT-PCR 45L 45L 45L RNA 3. 92 92 92 cm 779 L 45 L 45 L 47 mm 0.45 µm VDM RNA VDM MDCK
2906 Shiraki et al., Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 17: 2901 2912, 2017 PCR 95 30 95 5 60 30 PCR 40 PCR RT-PCR Takara Dice Takara RT-PCR Takara Bio PCR 5 20 ppm JIS R1701 JFRL 4 JIS 5 ppm 1 200 90 CH 3CHO + 6OH + O 2 2CO 2 + 5H 2O 1 2 TiO 2 5 10 1 cm 5 ppm 9012.4 µmol h -1 200 2 25.43 µmol h -1 = 92.5% 3 90 1 12.40 µmol h -1 2 25.43 µmol h -1 5 1 1 1 m 2 60 20 ppm UV-LED 8 60 5 ppm 4 779 L 2 0 1.2 10 6 2.0 10 6 PFU 28 3.4 10 4 2.4 10 4 PFU 6 a 6 b ppm 4. TiO2 1 cm 2 1 mw 351 ± 2 nm 5 10 cm 1 cm40 1 240 2 RA RC QA 1 QC 1
Shiraki et al., Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 17: 2901 2912, 2017 2907 ppm 5. 1 m 3 20 ppm 0 10 30 60 UV-LED HEPA UV-LED TiO 2 7 7 28 3.8 10 5 2.6 10 5 PFU 6 a 6 b RT-PCR RNA 7 28 6 c 6 d RNA PT-PCR M 1 kb PT-PCR 116 bp M 12 116 bp M RNA M RNA RNA 116 bp RNA 3 7 6 e 6 f RNA 0 RNA 2.2 5.8 RNA RNA RNA 2 5 RNA HEPA 5 ppm 90 1 2
2908 Shiraki et al., Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 17: 2901 2912, 2017 PFU PFU 6. 779 L0 3 7 15 28 45 L RT-PCR a b RNA b c((e) (f)) RNA a c c b d f 2 RNA 85 100 RNA 6 e 6 f 0 100a b c d RT-PCR
Shiraki et al., Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 17: 2901 2912, 2017 2909 /PFU /PFU 6. 850 WHO, 2016b 80 Daikoku, 2015 JEMA PM 2.5 JEM1467 TiO 2 UV-LED UV-LED TiO 2 HEPA 2 TiO 2 1 3 µm Knight, 1980; Heyder, 1986; Isaacs and Martonen, 2005; Milton et al., 2013 Daikoku, 2015 27 RNA HEPA 3 PFU RNA 0 220 575 PFU RNA 116 bp RNA RNA 77 RNA RNA Maness et al., 1999 RNA UV-LED HEPA
2910 Shiraki et al., Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 17: 2901 2912, 2017 0 RNA 3 RNA + RNA >116 bp 7 RNA >116 bp RNA = 100(%) RNA = 443-575(%) 7. RNA 8 RNA 77 107 RNA PFU 0 100 RNA 3 RNA 1 6 e 6 f3 RNA PFU 1 220% 575% RT-PCR M 116 bp RNA RNA PFU 116 bp RNA 7 RNA RNA HEPA RNA RNA WHO, 2006; Hess et al., 2016; Nazaroff, 2016; Rohr and McDonald, 2016; Mukherjee and Agrawal, 2017 1 5 ppm Zhao and Yang, 2003; Hodgson et al., 2007; Mo et al., 2009; Tseng et al., 2010 Yu et al., 2006; Sekine et al., 2011; Ochiai et al., 2014; Del Curto et al., 2016; Costarramone et al., 2017
Shiraki et al., Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 17: 2901 2912, 2017 2911
2912 Shiraki et al., Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 17: 2901 2912, 2017