1416 (B)(1) 14310095 :353368, 2005 1998 Luhmann 1972 Dawes1980 1 Parsons1937=1974-89 1 3 2 1991: 19 1 1991 Runciman & Sen1965Taylor1987=1995, Coleman 1990=2004: 11 1992 2000, 2001 2003 2 1996 1989 2003 1998 Hardin1968 353
1998: 16 2 3 4 2 2.1 2002: 20 2002: 23 2 Dawes 1980 Dawes 2 2.2 354
1993: 134 1998: 6-7 Parsons 1937=1974 1998 Dawes 2 2.3 Luhmann 1981=1985Leiter 1980=1987 Hobbes 1651=1971 1998: 31 Leiter 1980=1987 355
1998: 32, 3 2 ibid: 181 19 17 ibid: 179 ibid: 177 ibid: 193 ibid: 193 1995 ibid: 156-7 3 3.1 3 356
4 5 6 3 1996: 20 Luhmann 1972=1977: 48, 1988 1993 3 1. 4 1986: 229 1995 5 1986: 264 6 1985 1988 357
2. Garfinkel 1963 3. 3.3 7 7 1 1 2 358
1999 8 3.2 Durkheim1895=1978Luhmann1972=1986 1985 1988 9 Garfinkel 1963: 209 10 { } 3 3 { } 3 8 1991: 26 3 (1) (2) (3) (1) (2) (3) 9 10 (a) (b) (c) 3 Garfinkel 1963: 209, 1997: 94 359
{ } 3 3 Garfinkel 1963, 1997 Kripke 1982=1983: 184 ibid: 186 ibid: 180 3.4 3.3 3 360
3 { } { } Kripke 1982=1983: 172-4 2 22 11 1 11 (1991) 1 2 361
0, 0 1, 1 1, 1 1, 1 0, 0 1, 1 1, 1 1, 1 0, 0 3 0, 0 1, 1 1, 1 1, 1 0, 0 1, 1 1, 1 1, 1 0, 0 3 x, x y, z z, y w, w 3.4 1: xw, 2: xy, zw, 3: wy 3.4 2 362
12, 13 14 2 1 2 3 1 1 12 1998 13 1991 1993 14 363
2 2 3 2 2 1,2,3 2 2 1 xwy zw xzwy zxwy 4, 4 1, 3 3, 3 1, 4 3, 1 2, 2 4, 1 2, 2 364
1998: 16 2004 2 15 Dawes 16 4 15 1987 16 (2000) 365
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1993 17: 202-214 2002 Kripke, Saul A., 1982. Wittgenstein on Rules and Private Language, Oxford: Basil Blackwell. 1983 Leiter, Kenneth, 1980, A Primer on Ethnomethodology, Oxford University Press. 1987 Luhmann, Niklas, 1972, Rechtssoziologie, Rowohlt Taschenbuch. 1977 Luhmann, Niklas, 1981, Wie ist soziale Ordnung möglich, aus Gesellschafts-struktur und Semantik, Suhrkamp Verlag. 1985 1985 9: 1-18 1987 637: 85-93 2004. 2 2 2001-2003 103-130 1996 2:123-13 2003 18(2): 133-152 1996 Persons, T. 1937. Structure of Social Action. Free Press. 1974-89 (1)-(5) Runciman, W. G., and A. K. Sen, 1965, Games, Justice and the General Will, Mind, 74:554-62. 1995 46(3): 23-37 1998 [Sako 1998] 1990 41(2): 114-128 1988 3(2): 151-170 1993 1998 1991 : 3-33 1991 1991 : 61-101 2000 2001 : 1999 Taylor, Michael, 1987, The Possibility of Cooperation, Cambridge University Press. 1995 Social Dilemma and Double Choice Concept: A Game Theoretic Response to Clarification of the Hobbesian Problem of Order Masayoshi MUTO Graduate School of Decision Science and Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology 367
2121 Oookayama, Meguro, Tokyo 1528552, JAPAN The purpose of this paper is to clarify that Social Dilemma is concerned with more general situation than thought. Game theorists have formalized the Hobbesian Problem of Order as a Social Dilemma (Prisoners Dilemma). However, Sako (1998) oppose this formalization. He insists that Social Dilemma is concerned with only special situation but the Hobbesian Problem of Order is concerned with more general situation. Therefore he concludes that game theoretic formalization lacks emergency. But using Double Choice concept by Luhmann (1972), we clarify that Soko s framework based on ethnomethodology is also concerned with Social Dilemma. Keyword: social order, set of action choices, rule 368