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1991 122 2003 192 70 1.6 17 10 1

19802.51990 Cross-Cultural Competency 2

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---------------------------------------------- Cross-Cultural Competency CCC CCC ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - HOPEHiroshima Overplaces Pupils Education 10 11 12 4

2003(H15)192 1980(S55)782.50.67 1.502.21990(H2) 1.81.7-1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2003 782,910 850,612 1,075,317 1,362,371 1,686,444 1,915,030 0.67 0.70 0.87 1.08 1.33 1.50 18,733 19,401 21,067 25,886 29,632 33,814 0.68 0.69 0.74 0.90 1.03 1.17 2 1 2 http://www.moj.go.jp/press/040611-1/040611-1.html 5

2003(H15) 10141519 1920,4000 19 132,0001915 12 1215106,000 193,700 2,40012151,900-2003.12.31 1,915,030 613,791 1,301,239 33,814 12,347 21,467 60 153,556 122,001 31,555 3,436 3,009 427 50-59 166,824 95,823 71,001 3,530 2,421 1,109 40-49 293,232 101,593 191,639 4,234 1,772 2,462 30-39 494,443 111,687 382,756 8,039 1,946 6,093 20-29 539,364 96,359 443,005 9,880 1,651 8,229 5-19 203,606 71,406 132,200 3,681 1,312 2,369 [] 10.6 11.6 10.2 10.9 10.6 11.0 15-19 84,784 29,509 55,275 1,703 622 1,081 [] 4.4 4.8 4.2 5.0 5.0 5.0 10-14 55,629 22,741 32,888 989 386 603 [] 2.9 3.7 2.5 2.9 3.1 2.8 5-9 63,193 19,156 44,037 989 304 685 [] 3.3 3.1 3.4 2.9 2.5 3.2 0-4 64,005 14,922 49,083 1,014 236 778 [] 3.3 2.4 3.8 3.0 1.9 3.6 6

()60 1 19 15-2003.12.31 1,915,030 613,791 462,396 274,700 185,237 53,649 47,836 60 153,552 122,001 13,479 6,394 1,247 1,255 4,119 50-59 166,824 95,823 20,441 24,613 4,571 4,271 4,966 40-49 293,232 101,593 63,141 43,460 24,010 10,263 8,848 30-39 494,443 111,687 121,091 66,275 73,965 15,567 11,655 20-29 539,364 96,359 191,237 76,016 62,877 9,666 11,830 5-19 203,606 71,406 41,300 41,171 14,287 8,910 4,707 [] 100.0 35.1 20.3 20.2 7.0 4.4 2.3 () 10.6 11.6 8.9 15.0 7.7 16.6 9.8 15-19 84,784 29,509 19,840 16,558 6,269 2,916 1,460 () 4.4 4.8 4.3 6.0 3.4 5.4 3.1 10-14 55,629 22,741 10,658 9,736 3,569 2,373 1,503 () 2.9 3.7 2.3 3.5 1.9 4.4 3.1 5-9 63,193 19,156 10,802 14,877 4,449 3,621 1,744 () 3.3 3.1 2.3 5.4 2.4 6.7 3.6 0-4 64,005 14,922 11,707 16,771 4,280 3,717 1,711 () 3.3 2.4 2.5 6.1 2.3 6.9 3.6 24113,000 200 21 19 19,91515,83111,767 1,00026 2726-2003.12.31 5-19 5-19 12,165 21.4 1,033 1.8 18,558 138.2 2,400 17.9 3,824 25.9 375 2.5 18,225 68.9 1,675 6.3 7

5,464 38.6 421 3.0 62,327 70.8 5,895 6.7 11,984 50.7 1,169 4.9 40,466 72.9 4,504 8.1 4,001 33.6 279 2.3 5,661 39.2 584 4.0 5,094 40.9 498 4.0 3,405 31.8 246 2.3 10,334 48.6 953 4.5 2,843 46.4 177 2.9 43,121 144.4 4,188 14.0 4,294 56.4 281 3.7 27,328 136.3 3,174 15.8 10,595 54.3 809 4.1 40,375 199.4 5,236 25.9 21,467 74.6 2,369 8.2 80,330 115.8 8,015 11.6 5,510 36.1 482 3.2 73,789 124.5 6,715 11.3 4,979 60.4 277 3.4 241,909 200.5 19,915 16.5 6,311 61.7 509 5.0 110,255 129.9 11,767 13.9 6,643 44.5 371 2.5 11,632 47.0 858 3.5 2,914 35.8 258 3.2 10,469 93.4 972 8.7 23,069 46.0 2,035 4.1 6,368 53.9 462 3.9 2,939 33.5 243 2.8 9,062 109.3 701 8.5 5,559 36.7 352 2.3 13,770 155.0 1,415 15.9 6,518 35.1 482 2.6 37,690 170.1 4,151 18.7 5,748 47.1 521 4.3 37,846 179.6 4,061 19.3 3,369 28.8 318 2.7 75,528 200.5 10,047 26.7 5,206 29.1 529 3.0 122,264 173.6 15,831 22.5 7,785 59.1 760 5.8 32,246 173.6 3,887 20.9 1,301,239 102.5 132,200 10.4 - - 19-2003.12.31 21,467 7,544 5,184 3,865 764 665 618 2,827 2004 8

3 2003(H15)71,000 27 1990 27 10 3 http://www.mext.go.jp/b_menu/shingi/chousa/shotou/026/shiryou/04102501/005/004.htm 4 http://www.moj.go.jp/nyukan/nyukan04.html 9

1985(S60) 5 54 1990(H2) 5 26 10

1993(H3)1999(H11) 2000(H12) 2004(H15) 13,3075,097 1,20415 55 7,0334,6282,926 1,7993,292 2004(H15) 3,137-7,084,675 3,394,055 2,612,679 1,277 94,929 13,187,615 2003 13,307 5,097 1,204 15 55 19,678 (3,215 ) (1,783 ) (308 ) (1 ) (39 ) (5,346 ) 11,460 (2,630 ) 4,117 (1,448 ) 906 (213 ) 15 (1 ) 100% 86.1 (81.8) 80.8 (81.2) 75.2 (69.2%) 100.0 (100.0 2,277 663 186 5 (943 ) (332 ) (80 ) (1 ) 31 (23 ) 56.4 (59.0) 6 (4 ) 16,529 (4,315 ) 84.0 (80.7) 3,137 (1,360 ) 311 180 42 0 0 533-6 http://www.mext.go.jp/b_menu/toukei/001/05011201/003.htm 7 http://www.mext.go.jp/b_menu/houdou/17/04/05042001.htm 11

5,305 1,568 39.9 30.8 2,294 1,703 17.2 33.4 2,127 617 16.0 12.1 1,232 479 () 9.3 9.4 603 253 4.5 5.0 509 152 3.8 3.0 387 88 2.9 1.7 850 237 6.4 4.6 13,307 5,097 100.0 100.0 138 11.5 621 51.6 165 13.7 82 6.8 41 3.4 57 4.7 25 2.1 75 6.2 1,204 100.0 0 0.0 3 20.0 5 33.3 0 0.0 2 13.3 0 0.0 0 0.0 5 33.3 15 100.0 22 40.0 7 12.7 12 21.8 6 10.9 3 5.5 0 0.0 1 1.8 4 7.3 55 100.0 7,033 35.7 4,628 23.5 2,926 14.9 1,799 9.1 902 4.6 718 3.6 501 2.5 1,171 6.0 19,678 100.0 209 207 33 84 533 2,776 992 564 30 15916 - ) 2004(H16) 12

2003(H15)71,000 19,000 ) 10 71,000 71,000 - - 3,137 13

2003(H15) - 1978 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 (6,828) 7,808 7,248 6,358 6,487 6,389 6,231 (2,930) 3,061 2,990 2,652 2,510 2,460 2,192 (1,687) 2,015 2,003 1,909 1,829 1,918 1,8585 (0) 0 0 2 1 11 17 (11,445) 12,884 12,241 10,921 10,827 10,778 10,295 JSL 9 CLARINET 10 8 http://www.mext.go.jp/b_menu/toukei/001/05011201/003.htm 9 http://www.f.waseda.jp/kawakami/jsl.html 10 http://www.mext.go.jp/a_menu/shotou/clarinet/kiko_zi0.html 14

1992(H4) 15 71 1999(H11) 2001(H13) 1993(H5) JSL JSL 2001(H13) 2001(H13) 2004(H16) 19 1974(S49) 1994(H6) 15

2004(H16) -10 10 93 114 11 336 20 86 80 21 220 125 11 81 2004 2003(H15) 2004(H16)14 16

2006 NGONPO 355 8.8 101 3.7 1,611 11.7 13 0.2 17

-11 () 1990 1999 1990 1999 230 334 7.4 10 289 375 7.1 8.8 1998 69 125 2.4 4.4 24 37 1.0 1.5 1994 1,550 1,594 6.2 5.8 1866 3545 6.9 8.8 1987 34 60 2.6 3.4 285 748 1.3 3.6 1991 86 126 0.1 0.2 1992 30.5 93 0.1 0.4 1994 197 235 3.1 3.4 1998 46 67 2.3 3 1998 52 92 1.0 1.8 85 173 0.6 1 246 222 5.4 5.1 670 701 18.9 18.1 882 1005 3.3 3.7 11,564.6 16,114 9.4 11.7 Trends in international migration 2001Edition(OECD) 2003 11 11 http://www.meti.go.jp/report/tsuhaku2003/15tsuushohhp/index.html 18

1991(H3) 10 1991 12 1990(H2) 12 1990 = (1996 http://www.hiroshima-is.ac.jp/jp/index.html ) 19

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13 JSL 100JSL 24 24 JSL(Japanese as a second language)jsl 2003.. 1314JSL JSL http://www.u-gakugei.ac.jp/~gsato/nenshoshanihongo/jsl.htm JSL school-based curriculum developmentjsl 29

14 15 JSL 2005(H17)10 25 25 2005 2005 10 41 30

10 16 20 15 2004(H16)25 28 4,700 62,0002003 31

14 2002(H14)11 147,349 NPO 14 14 26 HOPE 27 17 974050 28 26 18 http://www.mext.go.jp/b_menu/houdou/17/08/05083103/all.pdf 14 17 27 HOPE 28 NPO 32

BICS LD 18 29 AO TOFEL http://www.heart.dnc.ac.jp/, HP 1631 http://www.n-pocket.jp/multiculture/highschool.html20051017 29 2005 http://www.kikokusha-center.or.jp/joho/shingaku/daigaku/shijowaku.htm 33

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44 1948 44 1993 313-335 53

45 1970 80 80 90 - - 46 10 1996 37-45 1997 62 46 10 1996 17-43 54

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15 1990(H) 52 11 10 52 62

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Cross-Cultural Competency Cross-Cultural CompetencyCCC CCC CCC 58 CCC CCC 58 Cross-Cultural Competence 16 3 49 231-242 70

2003 10 59 59 http://www.mext.go.jp/b_menu/shingi/chukyo/chuky0/toushin/03100701.htm 2003 10 10 71

14 60 21 CCC 61 CCC CCC 60 14 2003 2 61 1999 2000 2003 72

CCC CCC 62 CCC Hains, Lynch, Winton(2000) CCC CCC CCC 63 Evaluation Studies for Cross-Cultural Teacher Training(E.C.T) CCC CCC 64 65 1991 CCC Chareles 2000 CCC 66 CCC 62 Stasz, C., Assessing Skils for Work: Two Perspective, Oxford Economic Paper, 2000 63 Ann H. Hains, Eleanor W. Lynch, Pamela J. Winton, Moving Towards Cross-Cultural Competence in Lifelong Personnel Development A review of Literature, Technical Report #3, 2000. (http://clas.uiuc.edu/techreport/tech3.html) 64 Evaluation Studies for Cross-Cultural Teacher Training http://www.joensu.fi/ect2003 11 27 EU 65 10 1996 TNC 1998 66 Charles M., Hampden-Turner & Fons Trompenaars, Building Cross-Cultural Competence, Chichester, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2000. 73

67 1999,2001 Global Adaptability & Competence 68 CCC CCC CCC CCC CCC KJ CCC -- - CCC CCC () 10 CCC 11 12 13 CCC 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 CCC 42 43 44 45 67 N. J. IBI 1996 1999 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 68 (13) 32(738)1999 5863 (14) 33(739)2001 80 86 74

14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 10 CCC CCC CCC 69 CCC 69 Cross-Cultural Competency vol.142005 89 102 75

CCC CCC CCC CCC CCC CCC CCC CCC CCC 76

17 10 10:0011:00 15 1990 77

10 10 79

1990 81

70 CCC 70 Cross-Cultural-Competency 82

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CCC CCC CCC CCC 84

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17 10 9:3012:00 HOPE HOPE 15 89

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10 ; 92

72 72 7 2005 4 http://www.mext.go.jp/a_menu/shotou/clarinet/kiko_zi0.html 95

500 96

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101

74 http://www.soumu.go.jp/s-news/2003/030807_2_01.html 75 http://www.soumu.go.jp/s-news/2003/030807_2_01.html 102

103

URLhttp://www.mext.go.jp/b_menu/houdou/17/04/05042001.htm 17 4 7 16 11 12 10 19,678 ( 15 19,042 15 ) 3.3% 13,307 (12,523 ) 5,097 (5,317 ) 1,204 (1,143 ) 55 (49 ) 15 10 5,346 (5,231 ) 2.2% 3,215 (3,166 ) 1,783 (1,722 ) 308 (303 ) 39 (39 ) 7,033 (6,772 ) 4,628 (4,913 ) 2,926 (2,665 ) 5,091 (4,692 ) () 19,678 16 9 1 19,678 (19,042 ) 636 3.3% 13 19,250 13,307 (12,523 ) 784 [6.3%] 1,204 (1,143 ) 61 [5.3%] 55 (49 ) 6 [12.2%] 15 (10 ) 5 [50.0%] 5,097 (5,317 ) 220 [4.1%] 93.5%(93.7%) 6.1%(6.0%) 0.3%(0.3%) 0.08%0.05% () 5,346 16 9 1 5,346 (5,231 ) 115 2.2% 3,215 (3,166 ) 49 [1.5%] 1,783 104

(1,722 ) 61 [3.5%] 308 (303 ) 5 [1.7%] 39 (39 )() 93.5%(93.4%) 5.8%(5.8%) 0.7%(0.7%) 0.01%(0.02%) () 84.0 16,529 (15,931 ) 598 3.8% 13 :16,219 11 86.1%(84.4%) 56.4%(55.1%) 80.8%(83.5%) 75.2%(77.3%) 100.0% 11,460 (10,573 ) 887 [8.4%] 906 (883 ) 23 [2.6%] 31 (27 )[14.8%] 15 (10 )[50.0%] 4,117 (4,438 ) 321 [7.2%] () 1,204 (1,143 ) 668 (650 ) 18 [2.8%] 499 (465 ) 34 [7.3%] 37 (28 ) 9 [32.1%] () 15 (10 ) 5 [50.0%] () 55 (49 ) 17 (10 )[70.0%] 24 (24 ) 14 (15 )[6.7%] 8,679 (8,590 ) 44.1%[45.1% 7,033 (6,772 ) 261 [3.9%] 4,628 (4,913 ) 285 [5.8%] 2,926 (2,665 ) 261 [9.8%] 1,799 (1,523 ) 276 [18.1%] 902 (849 ) 53 [6.2%] 718 (648 ) 70 [10.8%] 501 (528 ) 27 5.1% 1,171 (1,144 ) 27 [2.4%] 35.7%(35.6%) 23.5%(25.8%) 14.9%(14.0%) 74.1%(75.4%) 9.1%(8.0%) 4.6%(4.5%) 3.6%(3.4%) 2.5%(2.8%) 94.0%(94.0%) 58 (63 ) 105

76 106

107

108

HOPEHiroshima Overplaces Pupils Education HOPE:Hiroshima Overseas Peoples Education 16 H15 545 H17.. 112 Hiroshima Overplaces Peoples EducationHOPE URL; http://www.odr.gr.jp/hope/ 2005 2005 24 109

110

48 1948 12 10 3 1950 5 12 10 111

10 13 (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) 1966 21 1976 1979 112

113

18 1989 44 1990 1994 114

Mongolia 156 4,100km 2 11.9 2003 250 4,000 2003 477 2003 Tugrik 1992 1991 10 2002 5 2005 11 65x85 2003 40654 87,711 6000 1998 10 1998 10 10 10 10 4 8 10 1-4 5-8 9-10 113 219 351 683 249950 195511 49083 494544 *2000 Janchiv Galbandrakh, 2002 115

1 11 11 12 1 1 31 10 4 15 2002 2005 1998 9 9 9 8 5 4 4 3 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 5 5 3 3 3 3 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 3 4 5 2 2 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 23 24 24 25 29 29 30 30 29 28 2 2 2 2 3 3 1 1 1 1 4 4 3 3 3 3 24 25 25 26 35 35 35 35 35 34 32 2003 688 528,000 2000 88.2 36.5 15 98 10 49.92000 116

1993 2000 32 30 15051 178 41 130 3605 83200 3839 260 11 352000 1 3 90 120 150 210 205030 No.31999 119 JANCHIV GALBADRAKH 50 2002 163179 2003 79137 1996 URL2005 8 http://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/area/mongolia/data.html http://www.embassy-avenue.jp/mongolia/index-j.htm http://www.ovta.or.jp/info/asia/mongolia/oldhrddb/mng-j001.html World Education News & Reviewshttp://www.wes.org/ewenr/03july/Feature.htm http://www.wes.org/ewenr/03july/practical.htm 117

JANCHIV GALBADRAKH 50 2002 165 118

Republic of Peru 128 5,215km 2 565 2004 2,754.7 2004 2,020 2004 Nuevos Soles 1993 1 12 89 1982 16 2002 1993 12 31 31 27 12 10 4 10 12 20 38 30 2 8001250 130017 119

503 18002200 20 10 70 93.11998 30.31999 1217 5 85 901998 41.81999 15 55 30 30 http://www.ovta.or.jp/info/america/peru/oldhrddb/per-j001.html 120

68 28 55 1996 URL2005 8 http://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/area/peru/data.html http://www.ovta.or.jp/info/america/peru/oldhrddb/per-s002.html http://www.ovta.or.jp/info/america/peru/oldhrddb/per-j001.html http://www.joes.or.jp/world_school/world_school.cgi?cmd=dp&num=43000&tfile=user Drawn up and edited by the Ministry of Education, Development of Education, National Report of the Republic of Peru, 2001. (UNESCO, International Bureau of Education: http://www.ibe.unesco.org/international/ice/natrap/peru_en.pdf) Global Development Network: http://www.gdnet.org/rapnet/research/studies/case_studies/case_study_45_full.html 121

1996 78 122

Federative Republic of Brazil 6,049 2004 851.2 km 2 3,331 2004 1 8,352 2005 real) 1971 5692 1996 12 26 1994 14 12 180 4 75 123

1980 80.11991 83.81999 95.4 2000 126.7 73.4 21.8 4.9 36.2 5 24.8 15 18 15 19 1996 30 2,200 2,900 Exame de Vestibular 1,180 80 20 2000 124

14 21 1990 10 2004 1995 6275 1996 URL2005 8 11 13 11410069 http://www.edu.gunma-u.ac.jp/~furuya/kaken/ebara_report1.pdf http://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/area/brazil/data.html http://www.ovta.or.jp/info/america/brazil/oldhrddb/bra-h004.html http://www.joes.or.jp/world_school/world_school.cgi?cmd=dp&num=42700&tfile=user http://www.ide.go.jp/japanese/publish/report/pdf/2000_03_15_0906.pdf 125

1996 87 126

Republic of the Philippines 864 2003 299,404km 2 1,050 2003 8,150 2003 peso 1946 1974 Department of Education Department of Education, Culture and SportsCommission on Higher Education 12 94.2 20022003 37,159 4,529 70 I 100 100 100 80 80 80 80 80 80 60 60 60 80 80 80 60 60 60 40 60 60 60 Makabayan 100 120 120 Sibika at Kultura 60 60 60 HKS* (40) (40) (40) EPP** (40) (40) (40) MSEP*** (20) (40) (40) 320 320 360 360 380 380 *: Heograpiya, Kasaysayan at Sibika **: Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan ***: Musika, Sining at Edukasyong Pangkalusugan The 2002 Basic Education Curriculum, Dep. Ed. Order No.43, Aug.29, 20022003 10 11 200 127

Makabayan 2002 Heograpiya, Kasaysayan at Sibika Edukasyong Pantahanan at PangkabuhayanMusika, Sining at Edukasyong Pangkalusugan 12 15 8,091 4,830 20032004 68.3 20022003 7 5 20 300 300 300 300 Makabayan (AP*) 240 (TEPP**) Alailing PanlipunanTeknolohiya at Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan Musika, Sining, Edukasyong Pangkatawan at PangkalusuganEdukasyon sa Pagpapahalaga 16 240 (MSEPP***) 240 (EP****) 60 *: Alailing Panlipunan **: Teknolohiya at Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan ***: Musika, Sining, Edukasyong Pangkatawan at Pangkalusugan ****: Edukasyon sa Pagpapahalaga The 2002 Basic Education Curriculum, Dep. Ed. Order No.43, Aug.29, 20022003 128

1994 NSAT 120190 2002 1,479 111 44 12 174 1,305 21.92001 2773 12 Sherlyne Almonte 2002 7698 2004 171191 1996 URL2005 8 http://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/area/philippines/data.html http://www.ovta.or.jp/info/asia/philippines/04education.html Department of Educationhttp://www.deped.gov.ph/ 129

1996 43 130

17 16 16 10 16 11 12 16 12 10 17 21 17 25 17 25 17 22 17 27 17 10 17 10 TEL: (082) 424-6289 E-mail: anakaya@hiroshima-u.ac.jp 131