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Ryuji Matsumoto and Hirochika Miyazaki, Tourism Designers Who Strived to Develop Mountain Resorts Based on the Karuizawa Model From the Viewpoint of Risk Management Isao Ogawa The Kitakaruizawa area is located north of Karuizawa, a famous mountain resort in Nagano Prefecture built by foreign developers in the mid-meiji Period. Despite the resemblance in name, the former is part of Gunma Prefecture, while the latter is situated in Nagano. Kitakaruizawa is one of many resorts that were developed around the famous and prestigious Kyu-Karuizawa, or the original Karuizawa, in an attempt to capitalize on its high status. Among such developers, Yasujiro Tsutsumi and Kasuke Hoshino, founders of the Seibu Group and Hoshino Resort respectively, achieved great success in building holiday resorts to the west of Kyu-Karuizawa. Being located in different prefectures meant that Kitakaruizawa never merged with Karuizawa and the resort area is still viewed today as a mere imitation of the famous Karuizawa. This paper will examine the tourism designers who conceived the idea of building resorts in Kitakaruizawa, raised funds and started a new business to achieve their goals, and actually succeeded in the pre-world War II period. The four developers discussed here are Ryuji Matsumoto and Yutaka Mizuno, both lawyers by profession, former journalist Eizaburo Konishi, and Hokkaido pioneer Hirochika Miyazaki. These men took on the new challenge of developing mountain resorts that no one had yet completed in Japan. Two of them retained their day jobs, while the other two decided to leave their employment and make use of their work experience to attain a new goal. Matsumoto and Mizuno worked in close partnership, whereas the partner relationship between Konishi and Miyazaki was never as strong. The two teams competed with each other but worked hand in hand in advertising and promoting the little-known area. In terms of skills and competence, the team of Konishi and Miyazaki surpassed its counterpart in know-how to entice private investors into the resort business. Yet, many resort development plans during the bubble economy in the Taisho Period imposed significant losses on small investors who simply did not understand the risks involved. Matsumoto and Mizuno first planned to operate a farm, but this venture ended in failure, causing damage to investors that included Oguri s investment bank. Even so, the two men exercised their ability as lawyers in purchasing massive resort sites and transferring the properties to the companies they had founded, and their business began to pick up. Their success can be attributed to the extraordinary combination of their skills and knowledge. Matsumoto s creativity to devise new models of the resort business and Mizuno s management skills to successfully implement Matsumoto s high-risk plans worked well together to make their business profitable. But outstanding creativity like that displayed by Matsumoto does not mitigate risk. Successful 098 THE HIKONE RONSO 2014 Spring / No.399
tourism designers must exhibit not only creativity but also extensive legal knowledge and solid business management skills like Mizuno s. Ryuji Matsumoto and Hirochika Miyazaki, Tourism Designers Who Strived to Develop Mountain Resorts Based on the Karuizawa Model Isao Ogawa 099