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23 1 x = n n x i i= 1 2 s X = s X n ( x x) i 2 2 i= 1 s X = n 1 g 1 n = ( n 1)( n 2) n i= 1 x i x s 3

24 g 2 n n( n + 1) x = ( n 1)( n 2)( n 3) i 1 i 4 2 x 3( n 1) s ( n 2)( 3) = n (7) r X, Y s n ( x x)( y y) i i X, Y i= 1 = = 2 2 2 2 sx sy sx sy s e = s Y 2 1 rx, Y

25 2 6( n 2) µ g1 = 0, σ g1 = ( n + 1)( n + 3) 6 2 24n( n 2)( n 3) µ g 2 =, σ g 2 = n 2 + 1 ( n + 1) ( n + 3)( n + 5) 2 n1 1 s1 n1 1 Fn 1 (1 α / 2) 1 ( α / 2) 2 F 2 n2 s 2

26 m1 m2 T = 1 1 + S n n 1 2 2 2 2 s1 + s2 S = n + n 2) ( 1 2 T tα n + n 2) 2 ( 1 2 m1 m2 T = 2 2 s1 s2 + n n 1 2 2 2 s1 s 2 + n1 n2 d = 2 2 2 2 ( s1 n1 ) ( s2 n2 ) + n 1 n 1 1 2 2 T t ( ) d α 2

27 n 1 + n 2 n1 ( n1 + n2 + 1) µ = 2 2 n1n2 ( n1 + n2 + 1) σ = 12 U µ Z = P( α ) σ 2 ( M n1 2) α Z = P( ) n 4 2 1

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47 7-1 1 1 ISO14738:2002 Safety of machinery anthropometric requirements for the design of workstations at machinery 500mm D12 95 99 5 2

48 1 1 1 1 cm cm 2 1 1 OA 1 1991 19951994 Yamazaki(1992) 1993

49 Anderson (1980) 1992 1mm 45mm 2025mm 4080mm 80120mm 3 Bittner et al., 1986 Kouchi et al., 2004 ISO 15536-1, ISO/FDIS 15536-2 Bittner

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51 Anderson, G. B. L., R. Ortengren and A. Schults, 1980: Analysis and measurement of the loads on the lumber spine during work at the table. Journal of Biomechanics, 13(6):513-520. Bittner Jr., AC, RJ Wherry Jr., FA Glenn III, RM Harris, 1986: Cadre: a family of manikins for workstation design. Technical Report 2100.07B. Naval Air Development Center. Bock, R. D. and R. C. Sykes,1989:Evidence for continuing secular change in height within families in the United States. American Journal of Human Biology, 1:143-148. Damon, A., 1968: Secular trend in height and weight within old American families at Harvard 1870-1965. I. Within twelve four-generation families. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 29:45-50. Damon, A., H. W. Stoudt and R. A. McFarland, 1966: The Human Body in Equipment Design. Harvard University Press. Eveleth, P. B. and J. M. Tanner eds., 1990: Worldwide Variation in Human Growth (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISO 7250: Basic human body measurements for technological design. ISO 14738: 2002 Safety of machinery Anthropometric requirements for the design of workstations at machinery. ISO 15535: 2003 General requirements for establishing anthropometric databases. ISO/FDIS 15536: Computer manikins and body templates Part 1: General requirements. ISO/DIS 15536: Computer manikins and body templates Part 2: Verifications and validation of dimensions for computer manikin systems. JIS 8500: 2002 Kouchi, M., 1996: Secular change of height and differences in living conditions in Japan. Anthropological Science, 104:325-340. Kouchi, M. and M. Mochimaru, 2004: A validation method for digital human anthropometry: towards the standardization of validation and verification. SAE Technical Paper, 2004-01-2191. Kouchi, M., M. Mochimaru, K. Tsuzuki, and T. Yokoi, 1996: Random errors in anthropometry. Journal of Human Ergology, 25:155-166. Kouchi, M., Mochimaru, K. Tsuzuki, and T. Yokoi,1999: Interobserver errors in anthropometry. Journal of Human Ergology, 28:15-24.

52 Schmidt, I. M., M. H. Jorgensen and K. F. Michaelsen, 1995: Height of conscripts in Europe: is postnatal mortality a predictor? Annals of Human Biology, 22: 57-67. Webb Associates ed., 1978: Anthropometric Source Book, Vol. I, Anthropometry for Designers. NASA Reference Publication, 1024. Yamazaki, N., 1992: Analysis of sitting comfortability of driver's seat by contact shape. Ergonomics, 35(5/6): 677-692.

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