RFS Renewable Fuel Standard RFS RFS RFS 2010 2008 1
USDA Paul C. Westcott (2007)Scott A. Malcolm, Marcel Aillery and Marca Weinberg (2009)FAPRI( Food and Agricultural Policy Institute )(2009) RFS Seth Meyer, Julian Binfield, and Patrick Westhofff (2010) 2 RFS 3 RFS RFS 4 EISA RFS 1 1970 MTBE 1996 MTBE MTBE 2005 Energy Policy Act 2005 RFS RFS MTBE RFS 2006 40 2 2012 75 2007 Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 EISA RFS 2022 360 1 20052008 2 1 3.8 2
2 2015 150 2022 210 EISA RFS RFS2Final Rule EISA Environment Protection Agency EPA 2009 2010 3 RFS RFS RFS2 3
3 Tradable Green Certificate TGC TGC TGC TGC TGC 3 (2010)121~157 4
TGC TGC TGC TGC TGC RFS RFS RFS RFS 11 EIA Short-Term Energy Outlook 10 4 EISA EISA 2022 360 4 Federal Register 40 CFR Part80(2010),p14716-718 5
360 2015 150 210 TGC Renewable Identification Number RIN RIN ID 2 EPA RFS 20% RIN RIN RIN RIN 5 TGC RIN RIN Seth Meyer, Julian Binfield, and Patrick Westhofff (2010) RFS 6 2 RFS S1D P1 RFS S2 S3 P3 5 RIN Federal Register 40 CFR Part80(2007),p23929-23930 6 Seth Meyer, Julian Binfield, and Patrick Westhofff (2010),p2-5. 6
7 2 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 / http://www.neo.ne.gov/statshtml/66.html
D D D 1 D S3 45 7 7 2008 2009 51 45 8
RFS RFS 1980 1 7,500 85 6 1,000 90 9 MTBE 2000 2009 107 5,800 144 100 10000 9000 8000 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 RFA 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2007 7 13% 8 RFS 2008 90 RFS 2006 40 2012 75 8 CBICaribbean Basin Initiative 7% 9
2009 1 28 6000 2 11 6000 RFS 3 RFS 2008 150 / 50 RFS 2005 2006 2007 2008 2008 11 2008 3 4 7600 770 2007 2008 10
9 10 450.0 400.0 350.0 300.0 250.0 200.0 150.0 100.0 50.0 0.0 $4.00 $3.50 $3.00 $2.50 $2.00 $1.50 $1.00 $0.50 $0.00 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 1 http://www.neo.ne.gov/statshtml/66.html 2009 RFS RFS 10E10 10 9 Ethanol Producer Magazine 2008 11 24 10 200947 11
102009 10.21 10 11 10 E85 E85 10 RFS EPA 2010 EPA RFS 12 20% 60 50 50% LCA GHG 60 RFS2 EISA 13 11 Federal Register 40 CFR Part80(2010),p14687. 12 Federal Register 40 CFR Part80(2010),p14675. 13 Federal Register 40 CFR Part80(2010),p14682. 12
2007 12 4 EISA 2010 1 EPA 650 14 2009 2010 11.5 EPA RFS EPA 14 Federal Register 40 CFR Part80(2010),p14675. 13
~EPA 1010% RFS2 TGC 2006 TGC RFS2 2010 1 650 14
2010 2007 2008 2006 16 2008 2005 1990 176 1 JETRO2009 20 EPA(2010), EPA Finalizes Regulations for the National Renewable Fuel Standard Program for 2010 and Beyond. FAPRI(Food and Agricultural Policy Research Institute )(2009), Impacts of Selected US Ethanol Policy Options, FAPRI-MU Report #04-09. Federal Register 40 CFR Part80(2007) Regulation of Fuels and Fuel Additives : Renewable Fuel Standard Program, Final Rule Federal Register 40 CFR Part80(2010) Regulation of Fuels and Fuel Additives : Changes to Renewable Fuel Standard Program, Final Rule Paul C. Westcott (2007), Ethanol Expansion in the United States How Will the Agricultural Sector Adjust?, USDA Economic Research Report FDS-07D-01 Scott A. Malcolm, Marcel Aillery and Marca Weinberg (2009),Ethanol and a Changing Agricultural Landscape, USDA Economic Research Report No. (ERR-86). Seth Meyer, Julian Binfield, and Patrick Westhofff (2010), Making The Market: How U.S. Policy Influences Near Term Agriculture and Biofuel Industry Production and Profitability Under Technology Adoption. William T. Coyle(2010), Next-Generation Biofuels Near-Term Challenges and Implications for Agriculture, USDA Economic Research Report BIO-01-01 15