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Photo by Koji Yamazaki ii
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Understanding Asian Bears to Secure Their Future iv
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Sambandam Sathyakumar 7
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Netrapal Singh Chauhan 21
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Netrapal Singh Chauhan Photo by Jagdish Singh RK and Chauhan NPS 26
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Shyamala Ratnayeke 1, Shanmugasundaram Wijeyamohan 2, Charles Santiapillai 3 Photo by Shyamala Ratnayeke 35
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Saw Htun 45
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NGO Photo by Saw Htun (WCS) 48
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Supagit Vinitpornsawan 1, Robert Steinmetz 2, Budsabong Kanchanasakha 1 50
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Chamnan Nea, Divan Nong 57
CITES 58
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Dang Nguyen Xuan 60
1970 1990 Ha Giang: Tay Con Linh NR, Bac Me NR, Du Gia NR, Bat Dai Son NR; Cao Bang: Proposed Ngoc Khe - Phong Nam NP, Pia Oac NR; Tuyen Quang: VQG Tam Dao, Tram Chu NR, Na Hang NR; Lang Son: Huu Lien NR; Bac Kan: Ba Be NP; Vinh Phuc: VQG Tam Dao; Phu Tho:Xuan Son NP, Thai Nguyen: Than Sa- Phuong Hoang NR; Lai Chau: Muong Nhe NR, Hoang Lien Son; Lao Cai: Hoang Lien NP, Van Ban District; Yen Bai: Mu Cang Chai District; Son La: Xuan Nha NR, Ta Sua NR, Copia NR, Sop Cop NR (Dang Huy Huynh, 1994, Son La Forestry Department 2004a,b); Hoa Binh: Thuong Tien NR; Ha Tay: Ba Vi NP; Ninh Binh: Cuc Phuong NP; Thanh Hoa: Ben En NR, Pu Hu NR, Xuan Lien NR; Nghe An: Pu Mat NP, Pu Huong NR, Pu Hoat NR; Ha Tinh: Vu Quang NP, Ke Go NR; Quang Binh: Phong Nha - Ke Bang NP, Proposed Khe Net NR; Quang Tri (Dak Rong NR. Proposed Bac Huong Hoa NR; Thua Thien - Hue: Bach Ma NR, Phong Dien NR, Da Nang: Ba Na NR; Quang Nam: Song Thanh NP, Proposed Ngoc Linh Quang Nam NR; Kon Tum: Chu Mom Ray NP, Ngoc Linh Kon Tum NR; Gia Lai: Kon Ka Kinh NP, Kon Cha Rang NR; Phu Yen: Krong Trai NR; Dak Lak: York Don NP, Ea So NP; Dak Nong: Ta Dung NR; Lam Dong: Cat Tien District, Bao Loc District, Bao Lam District, Bi Dup- Nui Ba NP; Binh Phuoc: Bu Gia Map NP; Dong Nai: Cat Tien NP, Vinh An NR. 1969Le Hien Hao 1973, Pham Trong Anh 1982, Dang Huy Huynh et al 1994, MOSTE 2000, Nguyen Xuan Dang and Pham Trong Anh 1970 1990 Lai Chau: Muong Nhe NR, Hoang Lien Son; Lao Cai: Hoang Lien NP, Van Ban District; Yen Bai: Mu Cang Chai District; Son La: Xuan Nha NR, Ta Sua NR, Copia NR, Sop Cop NR; Hoa Binh: Thuong Tien NR; Thanh Hoa: Ben En NR, Pu Hu NR, Xuan Lien NR; Nghe An: Pu Mat NP, Pu Huong NR, Pu Hoat NR; Ha Tinh: Vu Quang NP, Ke Go NR; Quang Binh: Phong Nha - Ke Bang NP, Proposed Khe Net NR; Quang Tri: Dak Rong NR. Proposed Bac Huong Hoa NR; Thua Thien - Hue: Bach Ma NR, Phong Dien NR; Da Nang: Ba Na NR; Quang Nam: Song Thanh NP, Proposed Ngoc Linh Quang Nam NR; Kon Tum: Chu Mom Ray NP, Ngoc Linh Kon Tum NR; Gia Lai: Kon Ka Kinh NP, Kon Cha Rang NR; Phu Yen: Krong Trai NR; Dak Lak: York Don NP, Ea So NP; Dak Nong: Ta Dung NR; Lam Dong: Cat Tien District, Bao Loc District, Bao Lam District, Bi Dup- Nui Ba NP; Binh Phuoc: Bu Gia Map NP; Dong Nai: Cat Tien NP, Vinh An NR; Tay Ninh: Lo Go Sa Mat NR. Le Hien Hao 1973, Pham Trong Anh 1982, Dang Huy Huynh et al 1994, MOSTE 2000, Nguyen Xuan Dang and Pham Trong Anh 61
Photo by Nguyen Xuan Dang 62
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Siew Te Wong Photo by Siew Te Wong 65
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Ligaya Tumbelaka 1, Gabriella M. Fredriksson 2 Photo by Garbriella M. Fredriksson 72
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Ivan V. Seryodkin 1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8- 78
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Photo by Ivan V. Seryodkin 80
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Vladimir V. Aramilev 85
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1 Changsung-gun Teachun-gun Gujang-gun Pynhgwon-gun Hoechang-gun Sinpyung-gun Goksan-gun Pangyo-gun Yichun-gun Sepo-gun Pyunggang-gun USA-DMZ Obongsan(Mt.) Inje and Yanggu Bukdong-gun Dongchang-gun Woonsan-gun Hyangsan-gun Maensan-gun Sinyang-gun Yangduk-gun Hoeyang-gun Changdo-gun Gimhwa-gun Jumbongsan Odaesan, Gaebangsan, Yangyang Odaesan(Mt.) Donghae and Samchuk Taebaeksan(Mt.) Jitisan(Mt.) Jirisan 102
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umbrella species Garo Urdu reduced impact logging bear balm cluster satellite telemetry system El nio megaherbivore Kachin Kashmiri palatal width Pleistocene community reserve conservation reserve endemic species camera-trapping, camera trapping control region 138
minimum convex polygon limestone forest CITES open forest Dafla Chitrali subsistence hunting Gypsy commercial hunting ecoregion Chakma DNA DNA DNA finger printing Telgu hibernation Naga sexual dimorphism Nishi 139
Haplotype Balti bear dancing Balochi Punjabi Hindi Firinghi Dipterocarp forest bear farm Bhojpuri DNAMicrosatellite DNA Marathi Malayalam Bunun Boolean logic bear baiting mitochondria DNAmitocondrial DNAmtDNA Mogh 140
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