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1 a 3000m b 22 1) 2) c 2 22 a 1) 38

2) b 1 HDD 296 JDXnet Web ( 1) 1 WAN HDD 2 i 1923 (Sato et al., 2005; Arai et al., 2009) 1)2) 39

( 2) (Kimura et al., 2006) 3) ( 3Kimura et al., 2008 4) ) ( 2) (Igarashi et al., 2003; Templeton et al., 2008; Chen et al., 2009) 5)6)7) (Igarashi et al., 2003; Templeton et al., 2008) 5)6) (Igarashi et al., 2003) 5) (Templeton et al., 2008) 6) (Chen et al., 2009) 7) ( 4) 1923 1923 ii (Kimura et al., 2006; 2010) 3)8) M1.0 Hi-net Kimura et al. (2006) 3) Nadeau and Johnson (1998) 9) 2002 9 Double Difference (DD) (Waldhauser and Ellsworth, 2000) 10) iii 67 167 1 1.2 cm/y 10 R10 (, 2009 11) ) 0.8 cm/y 40

56 10km ( 6) B-B 6 iv (Igarashi et al., 2003; Templeton et al., 2008) 5)6) (Templeton et al., 2008) 6) (Seno, 2008) 12) ( 7Arai et al., 2009 2) ) ( 3Kimura et al., 2008) 4) ( 8) 1923 Seno (2005) 13) 2007 10 1 M4.9 (2008) 14) 13.9km M4.9 1520km b Matsubaraet al.,2005 15 Hinet 41

138 141 345375 0200km Zhaoet al.1992 16 Matsubara et al., 2004 2005 1715 01 10km 10km MeSOnet 20km 9 15 40km 2006 18 10 40km 20km 1816Ma 2008 19 1816Ma 20km 40km 60km 11 Hori1990Hori2006 20 21 c 42

Sekiguchi (2001) 22) Sekine (2005) 23) Zhao et al. (1992) 16) (Matsubara et al., 2004; 2005) 17)15) MeSO-net dmeso-net i M7 1923 (M7.9) 1923 M75 12 6 P S VCR Kimuraet al., 2010 24 Kimuraet al.,2010 24 VCR VCR 13 6 MeSOnet 43

2008 25 MeSOnet P S 1 2 14 VCR SP MeSOnet VCR SP 05 VCR SP iimesonet 50km SP 1516 P P 19 iii VCR SP 1 5101520km 2 18km 10203045 60 Hinet VCR Kimuraet al.,2009; Kimura et al., 2010 2426 MeSOnetEDD15 75mHinetNYROH 1920m23km P S M5 17 P S P S EDD15 NYROH 1027 1 Vp Vs 19kms07kms VpVs 27 2002 27 2006 28 MeSOnet 44

SP P P P ZeltandBarton1998 29 FAST iv 1 10km 2 45 P SP 2 S S VCR SP 1923 VCR VCR VCR VCR 3 amesonet radialtransverse MeSO-net MeSO-net (, 2009) 30) 2010 MeSO-net MeSO-net F-net/Hi-net MeSO-net MeSO-net F-net / Hi-net 50 100 F-net/Hi-net () 31)32) 1 USGS MeSO-net 20 km F-net/Hi-net MeSO-net 1 F-net/Hi-net MeSO-net 45

φ C (φ) σ(φ) Cmax φ0 σ (φ0) φ C (φ) w(φ) θ σ θ θ = tan X = Y = 1 ϕ ϕ w( ϕ) = ( Y X ) cos( ϕ) w( ϕ) sin( ϕ) w( ϕ) ϕc( ϕ) > [{ C( ϕ) ( C σ ( ϕ ))} σ ( ϕ) ] 2 max 0 ( C σ ( ϕ )) θ σ θ 2010 MeSO-net S/N 178 N 18 2 10 MeSO-net N N-7 E(, 2009) 33) 6 105 N ±5 N-12 E N-2 E 154 87%±10 20 6 3% 90 (, 2009) 30) 3 E.SKMME.MKJME.YTBM 2(, 2009) 30) 19 E.SDMM E.SNJM 5 8 2 c 46 max 0

MeSOnet 3 d 1) Sato, H., Hirata, N., Koketsu, K., Okaya, D., Abe, S., Kobayashi, R., Matsubara, M., Iwasaki, T., Ito, T., Ikawa, T., Kawanaka, T., Kasahara, K., and Harder, S.: Earthquake Source Fault Beneath Tokyo, Science, 309, 462-464, 2005. 2) Arai, R., T. Iwasaki, H. Sato, S. Abe, N. Hirata: Collision and subduction structure of the Izu Bonin arc, central Japan, revealed by refraction/wide-angle reflection analysis, Tectonophysics, 475, 438 453, 2009. 3) Kimura, H., Kasahara, K., Igarashi, T., and Hirata, N.: Repeating earthquake activities associated with the Philippine Sea plate subduction in the Kanto district, central Japan: a new plate configuration revealed by interplate aseismic slips. Tectonophysics, 417, 101 118, 2006. 4) Kimura, H., T. Takeda and Y. Yukutake, K. Obara, K. Kasahara: Detailed hypocentral distribution and activity of small repeating earthquakes at the Kanto region, central Japan, Eos Trans. AGU, 89(53), Fall Meet. Suppl., U33A-0030, 2008. 5) Igarashi, T., Matsuzawa, T., Hasegawa, A.: Repeating earthquakes and interplate aseismic slip in the northeastern Japan subduction zone. J. Geophys., 108, doi:10.1029/2002jb001920, 2003.. 6) Templeton, D. C., Nadeau, R. M., and Bürgmann, R.: Behavior of Repeating Earthquake Sequences in Central California and the Implications for Subsurface Fault Creep, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 98, 52 65, doi: 10.1785/0120070026, 2008. 7) Chen, K. H., R.-J. Rau, and J.-C. Hu: Variability of repeating earthquake behavior along the Longitudinal Valley fault zone of eastern Taiwan, J. Geophys. Res., 114, B05306, doi:10.1029/2007jb005518, 2009. 8) :,, 83, 596-608, 2010 9) Nadeau, R.M. and Johnson, L.R.: Seismological studies at Parkfield VI: moment release rates and estimates of source parameters for small repeating earthquakes. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 88, 790 814, 1998. 47

10) Waldhauser, F. and Ellsworth, W. L.: A Double-Difference Earthquake Location Algorithm: Method and Application to the Northern Hayward Fault, California, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 1353-1368, 2000. 11),,, :,, P3-47, 2009. 12) Seno, T.: Conditions for a crustal block to be sheared off from the subducted continental lithosphere: What is an essential factor to cause features associated with collision?, J. Geophys. Res., 113, B04414, doi:10.1029/2007jb005038, 2008. 13) Seno, T.: Izu detachment hypothesis: A proposal of a unified cause for the Miyake-Kozu event and the Tokai slow event, Earth Planets Space, 57, 925 934, 2005. 14), : 2007 10 1 (Mj 4.9),, 79, 110-111, 2008. 15) Matsubara, M., Hayashi, H., Obara, K., and Kasahara, K.: Low-velocity oceanic crust at the top of the Philippine Sea and Pacific plates beneath the Kanto region, central Japan, imaged by seismic tomography, J. Geophys. Res., 110, B12304, doi:10.1029/2005jb003673, 2005. 16) Zhao, D., A. Hasegawa, and S. Horiuchi: Tomographic imaging of P and S wave velocity structure beneath northeastern Japan, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 19909-19928, doi:10.1029/92jb00603, 1992. 17) Matsubara, M., N. Hirata, H. Sato, and S. Sakai: Lower crustal fluid distribution in the northeastern Japan arc revealed by high resolution 3-D seismic tomography, Tectonophysics, 388, 33-45, doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2004.07.046, 2004. 18) :,, 112, 12-32, 2006. 19) :,,, pp. 16-61, 2008. 20) Hori, S.: Seismic waves guided by untransformed oceanic crust subducting into the mantle: The case of the Kanto district, central Japan, Tectonophysics, 176, 355 376, 1990. 21) Hori, S.: Seismic activity associated with the subducting motion of the Philippine Sea plate beneath the Kanto district, Japan, Tectonophysics, 417, 85 100, 2006. 22) Sekiguchi, S.: A new configuration and a seismic slab of the descending Philippine Sea plate revealed by seismic tomography, Tectonophysics, 341, 19-32, doi:10.1016/s0040-1951(01)00182-2, 2001. 23) Sekine, S.: Tomographic Inversion of Ground Motion Amplitudes for the 3-D Attenuation Structure beneath the Japanese Islands,, 68, 137-174, 2005. 48

24) Kimura, H., Takeda, T., Obara, K., and Kasahara, K.: Seismic Evidence for Active Underplating Below the Megathrust Earthquake Zone in Japan, Science, 329, 210-212, 2010. 25),,,,,, : MeSO-net: 2008, S143-P009, 2008. 26) Kimura, H., Kasahara, K., and Takeda, T.: Subduction process of the Philippine Sea Plate off the Kanto district, central Japan, as revealed by plate structure and repeating earthquakes, Tectonophysics, 472, 18 27, doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2008.05.012, 2009. 27) :,, 63, 1-19, 2002. 28),, :,, 112, 2-13, 2006. 29) Zelt, C. A. and Barton, P. J.: 3D seismic refraction tomography: A comparison of two methods applied to data from the Faeroe Basin, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 7187-7210, 1998. 30),,,,,,,, : MeSO-net,, Vol. 84, pp. 115-125, 2009. 31) : http://www.fnet.bosai.go.jp/st_info/?lang=ja. 32) : http://www.hinet.bosai.go.jp/regs/direc. 33),,,,,,, : MeSO-net,, Vol. 84, pp. 71-88, 2009. e 20105 20105 MeSOnet 49

Detaileddistribution andactivityof bursttyperepeating earthquakesatthe westernkanto centraljapan Deep Plate Structure, Slow Slip, and Small Repeating Earthquakes off the Kanto Region, central Japan: Active Underplating below the Megathrust Earthquake Zone (MeSO-net) Peeling off of the uppermost crustal layer from the subducting plate at deep extensions of the subduction zone in Japan KimuraH TTakeda andk ObaraK Kasahara Kimura, H., T. Takeda and K. Obara, K. Kasahara Kimura, H., T. Takeda, K. Obara, and K. Kasahara, 20105 2010Western 20106 Pacific Geophysics Meeting 8th Joint 201010 Meeting of UJNR Panel on Earthquake Research 201010 2010 AGU Fall 201012 Meeting Seismic Evidence for Kimura, H., Science, 329, Active Underplating Takeda, T., 210-212. Below the Megathrust Obara, K., Earthquake Zone in and 50 20107

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