!2
!3
!4
!5
!6
!7
!8
!9
!10
!11
<latexit sha1_base64="cxwo4dgxtdzr2alvjzmie+wkc58=">aaacs3ichvfnixnbek0zv9b4svk9eraxcaoazhzflwulxjyuylilsxbs6dqkvempobtnmqxz9oaf8q/4t7z5b6xmwqkjyehb6/dedvdx5awspitjryi+dv3gzvt7tzt37t67v989edd0tnicb8iq685y7lfjg4mgg8kz0ihxucltfpf+pz9eovpsmk9hweje85mrhrq8egw7cgmqmacjgsrwdofa4ihydb4q0mtwpb1bcg2piy3l4krrrvkaa0731fcmthpyspaf6m8/zivz71isc33fbsegl9uak9fscfz1x/w87amh8/+ctdbtjf2kdbyl0g3owszosu7p8dsksqmjqnhvr2lshknnxzbcydmzvx5llhz8hiochmv0k7qdecoeejnlhxwujrcw/boi5tr7pc7jqxmy+21trf5lg1wheduppsmrgeashyoqxyjlqwwyqxqoglos4mjj6pwjoxdcbfpzh4aqbn95fwwp+2nstz++6h2/24xjdx7be1pbcm/ggd7acqxarek0jlloc/w6hsv5pf1b42ht8xd+ilj/bkljtwk=</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="cxwo4dgxtdzr2alvjzmie+wkc58=">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</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="cxwo4dgxtdzr2alvjzmie+wkc58=">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</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="cxwo4dgxtdzr2alvjzmie+wkc58=">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</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="dbno4pjs+z0abdqdrq6yvcu1bxg=">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</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="dbno4pjs+z0abdqdrq6yvcu1bxg=">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</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="dbno4pjs+z0abdqdrq6yvcu1bxg=">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</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="dbno4pjs+z0abdqdrq6yvcu1bxg=">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</latexit> 2 0 = kx i=1 mx j=1 ( ij ij ) 2 ij i k j m ij i j ( ij ij ) 2 ij!12
<latexit sha1_base64="gke75rtopt/zpsywi9dwwbwxdpq=">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</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="gke75rtopt/zpsywi9dwwbwxdpq=">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</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="gke75rtopt/zpsywi9dwwbwxdpq=">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</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="gke75rtopt/zpsywi9dwwbwxdpq=">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</latexit> 2 0 = kx i=1 mx j=1 ( ij ij ) 2 ij (220 225)2 (300 275)2 = + 225 275 2.78 + 2.27 + 2.78 + 2.27 + (250 225)2 225 + (250 275)2 275 = 10.1!13
!14
χ
qchisq(p = 0.05, df = 1, lower.tail = FALSE)!16
!17
!18
(correlation) r (-1 r 1) A B (r >0) A B (r <0) r 1 20
<latexit sha1_base64="k2b+hpedtrx28exthrhldi+wpem=">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</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="k2b+hpedtrx28exthrhldi+wpem=">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</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="k2b+hpedtrx28exthrhldi+wpem=">aaae5hictvtpi9nafh7dxhwtrtvvo5fboujbkiycxoscf0/afbu70gtlzdrzdpvmzgcmygg5e/ggiff/kg/+n75mi5i0fhfxipdn+973fnwwibjegot5pztbjntt+/roje7nw7u393r7d46myjxjy6yspu8iangijb9byrn+kmlo0yjhx9h5ywv//j5ri5r8z4umhyk9kyiwjfomqf1obrq68bbeaieayrxryfdcb7yleifcvhpzqkborothxdttzjbeyxyabi5qa9vk17ujn7/zscovva+rwsexrj2riq3kwgokwgcmj7ptkkiywcososuogsd1hqg1up6ugsfifmvzombdeiejnl9mv7+byhp/uzho9sd/1gptfqs9nrn6p51sbnyvx9ouxcwzatrrewovpmqv+evqh+uztxs/gpliecqlzqk1zuj7mq1lqq1gca+6qw54rtk5pemthjkm3irl/ugr8gajmxirjz+0pi7+qshpakyrrpizujs3bw4rxmdnchs/d0shs9xyys4bxxlcrcklf09mqnnmkwibzvrgritnqabm4n+hiyb47zvxwdhbwpcg/uht/nc4tgmh7sf9nnqhzzcevzccmtchoh+dz84xn3y/uv/db5epw52l5i40jvv9f7fohaw=</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="k2b+hpedtrx28exthrhldi+wpem=">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</latexit> x y r r = x y p x p y P n i=1 [(x i x)(y i ȳ)] = = n 1 q Pn q i=1 (x Pn i x) 2 i=1 (y i ȳ) 2 n 1 n 1 P n i=1 [(x i x)(y i ȳ)] pp n i=1 (x i x) 2p P n i=1 (y i ȳ) 2!21
!22
x y
!24