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26 2 27 3 28 3. 28 1 28 28 29 2 29 3 2 30 1964 30 31 4. 31 1 31 2 31 3 32 4 33 33 33 5 34 5. 34 1 34 2 35 1. 37 2. 38 1 38 2 38 39.11 40 3. 41 1 41 2 41 3 44 4. 46 1 46 2 47 3 47

1. common law 3 2. 1 1997 337 2 49 7 1977 249 3 1

48 16 martial rule 3. 1 8 14 31 4 p.28 p.31 5 15 36 76 1 14 1 2 76 1 2

70 2 6 1981 1931 7 1999 8 1 1961 9 17 1957 3

3 2 76 GHQ emergency power 41 10 1983 11 1998 12 67 1 1950 13 21 2 8 2 13 3 2 4

54 2 10 3 1 71 74 105 106 76 78 81 4. 1 1977 1978 81 84 1 2 3 1990 2001 1 14 1992 613 5

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19 2 1957 1964 8 86

1. 1949.5 1 1954.3 1954.10 NATO 1956.3 48 2 1960.4 1962.10 1965.8 1968.6 17 1972.1 1972.7 32 2 73 10 1975.5 1976.8 3 5 1949 18 4 1954 18 19 1954 17 48 2 114 115 117 118 123 124 153 2003 p.61 18 91 1968 19 1968 12a 73 1 20

NATO 7 1956 1960 1968 17 2 1968 17 17 115a 80a 1 80a 1 80a 3 20 4 20 21 2003.6p.45 21

3 115a 2 3 2 80a 1 80a 1 80a 3 Land ( ) 35 22

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87a 90 1994 NATO 1997 24 1 2 25 PHP 2003.1p.119 24

2. 18 1849 1878 1958 5 36 5 16 1 5 1830 FLN 1954 4 1958 5 16 26 2002.12 p.185 27 p.24 25

1962 16 1961 18 16 16 16 28 p.25 29 16 26

2 1955 12 16 1958 36 1958 18491878 1955 12 12 27

3 1959 1 7 1965 1 13 3. 1 Common Law martial rule theory of necessity 30 2002.11 p.29 31 32 33 p.27 28

Act of Indemnity 2 1939 1940 1920 1964 1940 Defense Regulations 1964 1946 29

Order in Council 1914 Defense of Realm Acts 1920 1920 1920 Emergency 5 Power Acts 7 1 7 1939 1 1 Emergency Powers Acts Defense 1939 1940 1939 1 1946 3 2 1964 Emergency Powers Acts of 1964 1964 1920 1 1920 1946 1940 2 30

1964 1 2 Terrorism Act of 2000 1974 1976 IRA 2 5 2000 1948 UKWMO 24 4. 1 1 8 1116 2 2 1 2 martial rule 34 Writ of Habeas Corpus 1 9 2 2 3 31

2 1 1 2 3 2 2 1 3 1973 1976 35 1971 6 32

4 2001 9 11 FBICIA 2002 6 11 2003 1 15 17 The Department of Homeland Security 1947 Federal Emergency Management AgencyFEMA 22 FBI CIA FBI CIA 33

5 70 FEMA FEMA 5. 1 100 1996 9 50 150 14 77 1 3 36 FEMA 1979 1993 FEMA 1993 1994 FEMA 2003 1 37 2002.11 p.31 34

35 2 1975 38 p.164

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1. 1995 9.11 2001 2002 2001.10.21 37

2. 1 1969 12 1969 1971 1973 1989 1977 1983 1987 1992 1992 1998 2001 2002 2 International Criminal CourtICC 19987 38

2002 7 1 60 76 9.11 39 39

40 39.11 2001911 5000 42 51 51 107 4 1368 7 1373 678

3. 1 5 18 2001.9.11 9.19 9.21 10.5 10.6 C130 10.7 10.29 11.9 11.16 11.20 11.25 2002.5.17 11.19 12.4 2003.7.26 10.10 2 12.9 18 2004.1.29 2.28 2 2001 9 11 NBC 40 http://www.kantei.go.jp 41 NNuclear BBiological CChemical 41

3 NBC NBC NBC SAT 7 42 43 15 http://www.npa.go.jp/hakusyo 44 15 http://www.npa.go.jp/hakusyo 42

43 71 74 71 82 1999

44 76 78 81 81 2 82 84 3 2001 9 11 2002 2002 2002

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46 4. 1 21 8 20

47 2 6 5 6 5 3 6 30 6 30 20 6 30 20 3 FEMA FEMA 2003 1964 1992 1993 1974

35 23 THW 1951 1959 1975 1987 ORSEC 46 35 2 35 1 47 1949 48

67 1 1950 17 1957 1 1961 41 5 1969 1977 51 6 1979 51 6 1979 51 10 1979 701 1979 701 1979 701 1979 701 1979 1983 1992 72 1996 1997 69 12 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 24 2000 24 2000 24 2000 81 2000 2001 2002 74 12 2002 74 12 2002 74 12 2002 2002 2003 FEMA 2002 2003 2003 PHP 2004 http://www.kantei.go.jp 15 http://www.npa.go.jp http://usembassy.state.gov 2001.10.21 2003.5.14 2003.11.22 2004.2.25 2004.3.10 49