MEMOIRS OF SHONAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Vol. 39, No. 1, 2005 (dóxa) 187a1 190e4 * On judgement (dóxa) in the second Part of the Theaetetus An Interpretation of Plato s Theaetetus: 187a1 190e4 Satsuki TASAKA* The argument of how it is possible for anyone to make false judgements is introduced in the second part of the Theaetetus. The discussions on a false judgement are lengthy and are divided into five sections. In this paper only the first tree sections are discussed. In these sections Plato argues that it is impossible for anyone to judge that one thing is another. And he implies that it follows that one cannot make any false jugement at all. The false judgement considerd in these sections are false identity judgement, and it is the major task of this paper is to explain why Plato concentrates judgements identifying two things. In last section of the first part, Plato explains how an object is grasped, including being, identification and differetiation. So he seems to use the word have in one s judgement (doxáein) to mean the jugement grasping a object. Therefore presupposition of the first part can lead to inderstanding of the argument of the first tree sections of the second part. (188a1 201c6) (yeud`hv dóxa) * 16 10 8 X Y X Y 1 (e idénai) 93
39 1 2 3 I 1 (186d10 e12) (186d2 3) (doxázein) (187a8) (dóxa) 2 (dianoeisqai) (doxázein) (185a8 b6) 4 94
(dóxa) 5 (186a2-b1) A B A B 3 (186a9) (186b2 10) (190b3-4) 2 1 (190b7-c3) (188b8 10, 192d3 9, 192e8 193a4, 193b1 7, 193b9 d2) 1 6 2 1 1 95
39 1 (191c8 e2) (193d10 e5) (193b9 d9, 193e6 194a4) (192e8 193a7) 7 II 1 [A] (188a1 2) (cf. 188a2 4) [B] (188a7 8) [C] (188a10 b1) [A] [B] [C] (188b3 6) (188b7 c1) (188c2 4) (188c3 4) X Y 96
(dóxa) X Y 17 X Y 2 [A] 2 (188d1) (tà m `h o nta perì otoououn doxázwn, 188d3 4) (188d3 6) (188e3 189b3) 1 ( en gé ti orwn on ti o r a, 188e10) 1 1 8 9 10 97
39 1 11 12 1 1 1 3 (189b4 5) ( allodozía) (189b10 c5) (189d7 190e4) [A] (e terón ti wv dianoí éteron kaì m`h wv ekeîno t a h tíqesqai. 189d7 8) (cf. 189d7-9) [B] (dianoeisqai) (189e1-3) [C] (189e6 7) (dialégesqai) (189e7 190a2) (dóxa) (190a2 4) (doxázein) (légein) (cf. 190a4 6) (190a9 10) (cf. 190b2 8) (cf. 190c1 4) (a) (cf. 190c5 d6) (b) (cf. 190d8 11) (190d12 e1) (190e1 2) 98
(dóxa) 13 (184e8 186a1) (186b2 10) (190b2 c3) 14 III 1 X Y 99
39 1 X Y X Y 2 2 2 2 (144d1 d4) 15 (187b5 10, 190a9 d4, 191b2 8, 192d3 e1, 192e8 193a5, 193b1 8, 193b9 d4, 195e9 196b2, etc.) > 100
(dóxa) 16 17 3 18 (187e1 3) (165e8 168c5, 170a6 9, etc.) 101
39 1 19 20 (151e1 b2) 21 (187e1 3) 22 102
(dóxa) 4 23 a x y a, x, y x F y G F G x y a x y F x y F G x F y G a x G a x a x G x x 24 (knowledge of acquaintance) 25 2 26 103
39 1 399 2 1 (cf. 190c5 8) 104
(dóxa) 105 IV
39 1 1. Cf. F. M. Cornford, Plato s Theory of Knowledge, London, 1935, p. 113; J. Acrill, Plato on False Belief Essays on Plato and Aristotle, Oxford, 1997, 53 71, p. 59; K. M. Sayre, Plato s Analytic Method, Chicago, 1969 p. 106; F. A. Lewis, Two Paradoxes in the Theaetetus, in Patterns in Plato s Thought, ed. J. M. E. Moravesik, Dordrecht, 1973, 123 49, esp. 124: J. McDowell, Plato: Theaetetus, 1973, p. 195; N. P. White, Plato on Knowledge and Reality, Indianapolis, 1976, p. 164; D. Bostock, Plato s Theaetetus, Oxford, 1988, pp. 162 163. 2. Cf. W. G. Runciman, Plato s Later Epistemoligy, Cambridge, 1962, pp. 29 30; J. McDowell, op. cit. pp. 196 197; G. E. L. Owen, Plato on Not-Being, in Plato I, ed. G. Vlastos, New York, 1963, p. 245. 262 265; F. A. Lewis, Two Pradoxes in the Theaetetus Patterns in Plato s Thought, ed. J. M. E. Moravsik. Dordrecht, 1973, pp. 126 128; G. Fine, False Belief in the Theaetetus Phronesis 24: 70 80, 1979, p. 70. 3. belief judgement judgement occurent belief disposional Cf. Bostock op. cit., p. 156; P. G. Lloyd, Knowing Persons, Oxford, 2003, p. 215. n. 40. 4. 184b4 187a8 XLVI, 1998 pp. 22 32 pp. 26 28 5. III 2 4 6. 1 2 1 1 2 (cf. 188a1 c2) 2 7. 184b4 187a8 XLVI 1998 22 32 8. 237b7 239c8, 255e8-259d8 9. 1 1 10. 151d7 153a4 (hen auto kath hauto ouden estin, 152d2 3) 53 2002 167 176 11. (160d5 187a8) 37 1 2003 103 115 12. 7 13. II. 3 14. (209b2 c10) (alethes doxa) 208C6 209d3 47 1996 187 196 15. 16. (187d2 6) 17. 18. 169d3 171d8 52 2003 3 17 106
(dóxa) 19. 169d3 171d8 52 2003 3 17 20. 13 21. 18 22. Cf. C. F. J. Williams, Referential Opacity and False Belief in the Theaetetus. Philosophical Quartely 22, 1972, 289 302: Fine, op. cit. 73 78. 23. Cf. G. Fine, False belief in the Theaetetus, Pronesis vol. XXTV No. 1, 1979, p. 77. 24. Cf. Fine, ibid.; J. Annas, Knowledge and Language: The Theaetetus and the Cratylus, in Schofield and Nassbaum, eds., Language and Logos, Cambridge, 1982, 95 114. 25. Cf. Runciman, op. cit., pp. 29 30; McDowell, op. cit. pp. 196-197; J. McDowell, Identity Mistakes: Plato and the Logical Atomists. Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 70, 1970, 181 195 p. 188ff; Owen, p. 245. pp. 262 265. 26. J. Acrill, op. cit., pp. 55 59. 107