SPECIATION 11 CHAPTER6 BEHAVIORAL AND NONECOLOGICAL ISOLATION Mechnical isolation Dufour(1844) Dufour cross-fertilize pollinaria aerodynamic isolation 1 Examples of mechanical isolation 2 Carabus maiyasanus and C.iwakianus /
vaginas Paulson`s1974 mating( ) grasping() grasping Macrodactylus Eberhard1992 Drosophile simulans D.mauritiana (Coyne1993) Erebia animalis E.cassiodes Lorkovic1958 Microsepsis eberhardi M.armillata Eberhard2001 2 Relative importance of mechanical isolation( )
cryptic diagnosing species Mayr(1963) Mayr The evolution of mechanical isolation( )
The genetics of mechanical isolation Zeng et al.2000 D.simulans and D.mauritiana 14 Orr.1998a Coyne.1993 Gametic(Postmating,Prezygotic) Isolation ( VS VS ) Stebbins(1950) Drosophila (Patterson1946)
Example of gemetic isolation Table6.3 Table6.3 1. A. (Grimaldi et al.1992;price et al.2001) B. Vick1973;Price et al.2001 2. A.Gregory and Howard.1994 B. (Patterson1946;and Patterson and Stone1952) C. Levin1978;Niklas1997
3. cross-attraction A. cross-attractionmiller1997 B. Levin1978;Williams and Rouse1988 4. (Heslop-Howerd1982;Williams and Rouse1990;Palumbi and Metz1991; Niklas1997;Vacquier1998;Levitan2002) 5. Fuyama1983;Gregory and Howard1993;Price et al.2001 1. Wade et al.1994b;price1997;howard et al.1998a 2. Rieseberg et al.1995a;carney et al.1996;diaz and Macnair.1999 Noncompetitive isolation( ) heterospecific crosses Drosophila simulans D.sechellia( ) Price et al.2001 D. simulans (Price.1997) D. simulans D.mauritiana( )
Allonemobius fasciatus A.socius Levin1978,Niklas1997 cross-attraction intrinsic gemetic incompatibility VERL Kresge et al.2001 VERL VERL / VERL Echinometra
Competitive isolation() 25 20/80 conspecific sperm precedence:csp (conspecific pollen precedence:cpp) Howard(1999) Drosophila simulans D.mauritiana CSP Fig6.1(Price1997) Fig6.1 D.simulans D.mauritiana( ) sim D.simulans mau D.mauritiana e + n A sim e sim + sim e 2 Simmons and Siva-Jothy1998
B)sim e sim mau sim e sim mau sim Price et al.2000 Iris:Carney et al.1996 (Mimulus:Diaz and Macnair1999)(Rewseberg et al.1995a) CPP Relative importance of gametic isolation( ) DNA DNA d N /d S / Richman and Kohn2000 Drosophira d N /d S 176 19
2 Acps Swanson et al.2001 D.melanogaster Asps 80 Chapman et al.1995 Drosophira 461 14 d N /d S Swanson et al.2001a 10 Rice(1996) Drosophila melanogaster 30 Rice
3 bruchid beetle(callosobruchus maculatus) 2 Brown and Eady Drosophila mojavensis and D.arizonae reaction mass reaction mass reaction mass Calolpteryx haemorrhoidalis 2 2 The evolution of gametic isolation( ) ) Lewis and Crowe1958 SISC SC SI SC SI SI
SC SI S Martin1967 )Drosophila Price at al.1999,2000 Genetic drift() Wu1985 VERL Swanson and Vacquier.1998 VERL VERL Galindo et al.2002,2003
Natural selection and reinforcement( ) 2 Williams and Rouse1988,1990 Howard1999 4 Geyer and Paulumbi(2003) Echinometra2 C E.oblonga E.oblonga C
Sexual selection( ) Simmons2001;Birkhead and Pizzari2002 Good-genes models Rice s(1996) and Holland and Rice s 1999 Drosophila melanogaster Drosophila Chapman et al.1995 Jaffe and Gould1985;Howard et al.1998b Gavrilets(2000a,2002)
DNA VERL Galindo et al(2003) Jaffe and Gould1985 Conclusions( ) Drosophila Swanson et al.2001a.b.2004 male-male competition