AD

AD 1110800673 2015 2 25

1 1 1.1..................................... 1 1.2................................... 3 2 4 2.1....................... 4 2.2 TDC................................ 5 2.2.1..................................... 5 2.2.2............... 7 3 8 3.1........................... 8 3.2 EHMIX........................ 11 3.3............................ 13 3.3.1 RF........... 13 3.3.2 LO...................... 15 3.3.3 LO......... 18 3.3.4 RF LO...... 22 4 ADC 23 4.1 TDC EHMIX ADC............ 23 4.2 EHMIX ADC.. 25 4.2.1 EHMIX ADC................................... 25 4.2.2 ADC............................ 25 4.3 TDC ADC..................... 27 i

4.3.1 ADC [1].................... 27 4.3.2 ADC............................ 28 5 29 5.1................................. 29 5.2........................................ 34 6 35 38 ii

1 1.1 ( ) (AD ) AD ADC(Analog-to-Digital Converter) ADC ADC ADC 1

2 ADC ADC [1] ADC ADC (EHMIX) EHMIX EHMIX [2] (TDC) [1][3][4] TDC TDC EHMIX ADC ADC ADC EHMIX - ADC 2

1.2 2 (TDC) TDC TDC 3 (EHMIX) EHMIX 4 EHMIX TDC ADC ADC 5 ADC 6 3

2 2.1 TDC (Time-to-Digital Converter) TDC TDC TDC CMOS [3] All-Digital-PLL (ADPLL) TDC ADC [1][4] TDC TDC TDC TDC [5][6] 2.2 TDC 4

2.2 TDC 2.2.1 3 TDC 2.2.1 Start Stop Start Start Stop 2.2.1 2τ 3τ 2.2.1 2.2.2 D τ 2.2.1 TDC 2.2.2 TDC Start Start 2.2.1 A 2.2.1 a Start b τ 2τ 2.2.1 a b D Stop Stop Start 2.2.1 B Stop 5

D Stop 2.2.2 D0,D1,D2 High D3 Low TDC Start Stop (τ) τ 2.2.2 6

2.2.2 TDC τ 2.2.3(a) (b) τ τ ( ) D 2τ 3τ D0 D1 High D3 Low 2.2.3 b 2 D0 D1 High D2 D3 Low 2.2.3 TDC 2.2.3 7

3 3.1 even-harmonic mixer) ( EHMIX [2]) EHMIX EHMIX EHMIX LPF 3.1.1 EHMIX EHMIX (RF) 1/2 (LO) RF LPF EHMIX 3.1.1 EHMIX 8

3.1.1 3.1.2 3.1.1 LO f RF 2 f LO 3.1.2 RF 3.1.2 3.1.2 LO LO ( ) 3.1.2 RF 3.1.2 EHMIX PWM RF RF LO LO TDC AD 3.1.2 EHMIX 9

EHMIX PWM EHMIX LPF 1 ( ) EHMIX EHMIX EHMIX 10

3.2 EHMIX EHMIX 2 GHz 2 GHz RF Mathematica 3.2.1 EHMIX LO RF LO α RF β β/α 1dB (P 1dB ) 3 (IP3) P 1dB 0.274... 3 (IIP3) 0.852... P 1dB 3 (IIP3) 8. 10 11 6. 10 11 4. 10 11 2. 10 11 0 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 3.2.1 EHMIX 3.2.1 2 GHz RF P 1dB 40 ps TDC 10 ps 4 2-bit TDC RF 3.3.1 EHMIX LO 11

f LO f LO 3.3.2 12

3.3 3.3.1 RF 3.3.1 EHMIX RF EHMIX 3.3.1 (a) (b) RF LO RF LO (b-2) RF LO RF EHMIX RF RF LO LO 3.3.1 a t1 RF EHMIX RF RF 3.3.1 b t2 RF 3.3.1 RF EHMIX 2 3.3.1 t2 = 2 t1 RF 13

1.5 1.0 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.5 1.5 1.0 1.0 0.5 1.5 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.5 1.0 1.0 0.5 1.5 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.5 3.3.1 EHMIX RF EHMIX 14

3.3.2 LO EHMIX RF RF 1/2 LO RF f RF LO f LO (3.3.1) f LO = 1 2 f RF (3.3.1) EHMIX LO RF 1/2 RF 1/4 1/6 1/8 RF 1/2 3.3.2 EHMIX RF 2 Hz LO 1 2 f RF 1 4 f RF 1 6 f RF 1 8 f RF LO ( LO 1 RF 0.3) 3.3.2 1 2 f RF 1 4 f RF 1 6 f RF 1 8 f RF 15

1.0 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 0.5 0.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 0.5 0.5 1.0 1.0 3.3.2 LO EHMIX 16

f RF = 2 GHz β/α = 0.3 LO Mathematica 3.1 3.3.3 3.1 LO EHMIX LO [ps] 1 2 f RF 41.7909 1 4 f RF 65.4419 1 6 f RF 78.8497 1 8 f RF 87.3341 1 10 f RF 93.1718 3.3.3 LO EHMIX LO 3.3.3 17

3.3.3 LO 3.3.2 LO LO EHMIX - 1 2 EHMIX - 3.3.4 LO 1 2 f RF 1 4 f RF EHMIX RF 0.5 1 1.5 LO RF RF LO 1.5 2.0 1.0 0.5 1.5 1.0 0.5 2 1 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.5 0.5 1 1.0 1.0 1.5 2.0 1.0 0.5 1.5 1.0 0.5 2 1 0.5 1.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 1 2 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 3.3.4 LO EHMIX 18

3.3.4 (a) f LO = 1 2 f RF RF 0.5 (a-1) 2 RF 1 (a-2) 2 RF 1.5 (a-3) (a-1)(a-2) ( ) 4 LO 3.3.4 (b) f LO = 1 4 f RF RF 0.5 b-1 (a-1) 2 RF 1 (b-2) (a-2) 2 ( ) 4 RF 1.5 (b-3) 19

3.3.4 f LO 2 f LO Mathematica f LO LO 1 RF 0 1 0.01 RF LO 1 ( ) ( 1 2 )RF f LO 1 2 f RF 1 4 f RF 1 6 f RF 1 8 f RF 1 10 f RF 3.2 3.3.5 3.2 LO LO [β/α] 1 2 f RF 1 1 4 f RF 0.68 1 6 f RF 0.47 1 8 f RF 0.36 1 10 f RF 0.29 3.3.5 LO 20

3.3.2 f LO f LO EHMIX f LO 21

3.3.4 RF LO 3.3.1 3.3.2 3.3.3 RF 2 GHz LO EHMIX 3.3.6 1.5 10 10 1. 10 10 5. 10 11 3.3.6 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 RF LO 3.3.6 LO t LO t EHMIX t 22

4 ADC 4.1 TDC EHMIX ADC TDC EHMIX ADC ADC 4.1.1 RF EHMIX RF 2 TDC RF 4.1.1 EHMIX EHMIX EHMIX TDC TDC Start EHMIX Stop EHMIX ADC 2 23

Encoder EHMIX TDC 4.1.1 TDC EHMIX ADC ADC EHMIX EHMIX ADC TDC f LO TDC 24

4.2 EHMIX ADC EHMIX ADC 4.2.1 EHMIX ADC EHMIX ADC 4.2.1 EHMIX RF LPF LPF ADC ADC ADC 4.2.1 EHMIX ADC 4.2.2 ADC LPF LPF LPF EHMIX 25

EHMIX LPF LPF TDC τ EHMIX LPF LPF EHMIX TDC LPF 26

4.3 TDC ADC TDC ADC TDC ADC ADC[1] 4.3.1 ADC [1] 4.3.1 AD 4.3.2 A in V ref CLK T T/H V ref (t) A ref T V ref (t) 0 (V ref ) (V hold ) (t1 t2 t3 ) TDC A ref f t n (4.3.1) ( V ref (t n ) = A ref cos 2π t ) n T (4.3.1) A in (t) V ref (t) ( T ) TDC nt t < (n + 1)T ( A ref cos 2π t ) n = A in (t) (4.3.2) T ( ) Ain (t) t n = Tarccos A ref (4.3.3) t n TDC T out (n) AD D out (n) 27

( D out (n) = A ref cos 2π T ) out(n) T (4.3.4) 4.3.1 ADC 4.3.2 ADC 4.3.2 ADC ADC ADC ADC ADC ADC ADC ADC EHMIX TDC AD AD ADC 28

5 5.1 EHMIX TDC ADC LTspice EHMIX TDC 1 10 ps LTspice 5.1.1 5.1.2 5.1.3 5.1.4 5.1.1 5.1.5 5.1.5 RF LO RF LO 2 1 3 2 4 3 5 4 RF 2 GHz 0.15 LO 1 GHz 1 29

5.1.1 LTspice ADC 5.1.2 LTspice ADC EHMIX 30

5.1.3 LTspice ADC TDC 5.1.4 LTspice ADC 31

5.1.5 LTspice ADC 32

5.1.5 45 ps 2 5 1 1 2 0 3 1 4 0 5 5.1.1 TDC 1 4 5 1 10 ps ADC LTspice 33

5.2 5.1 RF TDC 3.2.1 3.3.6 RF 2 GHz f LO = 1 2 f RF P1dB 80 ps TDC 1 10 ps 8 3 TDC EHMIX 4.1 ADC ADC TDC 34

6 ADC ADC ADC - EHMIX TDC TDC EHMIX EHMIX - LO ADC EHMIX ADC TDC ADC ADC EHMIX ADC TDC ADC ADC ADC ADC 35

36

M2 37

[1] AD ECT-08-39 (2008 3 ) [2] 2001 [3] Stephan Henzler Siegmar Koeppe Winfried Kamp Hans Mulatz Doris Schmitt-Landsiedel 90nm 4.7 ps-resolution 0.7-LSB Single-Shot Precision and 19 pj-per-shot Local Passive Interpolation Time-to-Digital Converter with On-Chip Characterization Proc. Symp.VLSI Circuits,pp.168 169,Jun.2007 [4] Robert Bogdan Staszewski Poras T. Balsara PLL CQ 9 2010 [5] ECT-08-38 (2008 3 ) [6] ECT-11-077 (2011) [7] Behzad Razavi RF 3 2002 38