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1. 1.1 (1) The bottle floated out of the cave.

Figure (Talmy 1985, 1991, 2000) Ground Motion Path Manner Cause

1.2 Talmy 1985 Typology of Lexicalization Patterns The bottle floated out (of the cave) Figure Motion Path Ground Manner/Cause La botella 'the bottle' salió 'move.out' de 'from' la cueva 'the cave' flotando 'floating'

(2) The boy ran up the slope. (3) from his house to the school out of the cave into the cave across the river through the tunnel along the river around the corner past the post office

(4) Subió corriendo (por) la colina went.up running the hill He ran up the hill. (5) entrar ( ), salir ( ), subir ( ), descender ( ), pasar ( ), atravesar girar ( )

(6) (7)

1.3 Talmy 1991 Typology of Event Integration <-- cf. telicity (satellite)

The bottle floated satellite out Figure Motion Path Ground Manner/Cause La botella 'the bottle' salió 'move.out' Verb de 'from' la cueva 'the cave' flotando 'floating'

Talmy 1991 (verb-framed language) e.g., (satellite-framed language) e.g.,

1.4 1.4.1 Slobin (1996, 1997, 2000, 2004) discourse Talmy (thinking for speaking)

Slobin Path Proposal: Texts in V-languages will generally be characterized by the occurrence of fewer ground elements per verb, in comparison with texts in S-languages (8) a. They walked down the hill and across the field to the river. b.

1.4.2 Talmy 2000 Vector ( ) Conformation ( ) Deixis ( )

(Vector) FROM VIA TO

(Conformation)

into (9) Jackendoff 1983 [path TO [place IN [thing ]]]

out of (10) [path FROM [place IN [thing ]]]

1.4.3 Matsumoto 2003 Talmy =

(11) Prev=V Prt {[P NP] / [ N-aff]} --> Talmy

Matsumoto 2003 Talmy (head-framed) vs. (nonhead-framed)

1.4.4 Sinha & Kuteva 1995 Talmy: ---> Distribuited Semantics (12) a. b.

(Germanic, Indo-European) (Fino-Ugric) (Romance, Indo-European)

2. I :

cf. 1997 (DirRel) + (GrLoc) (Vec) + (GrLoc) (Conf)+ (GrObj)

(DirRel) (GrLoc) TOWARD AWAY FROM + ABOVE BELOW FAR IN FRONT FAR IN BACK

up= TOWARD ABOVE (DirRel) (GrLoc) ABOVE

(Vec) + (GrLoc) TO HERE FROM + THERE VIA HOME etc.

home = TO HOME (Vec) (GrLoc) HOME

(Vec)+ (Conf) AT TO IN FROM + ON (+ ) VIA BY

(15) a. b. into = TO IN to =TO AT

2.2 1. (16) Ha sceso le scale. have.3sg went.down the stairs He went down the stairs.

2. Preverb (17) János be-futott. John in-ran John ran in.

3. (18) Jon gick in. John walked in John walked in.

4. [ V V [ PP P NP ]] (19) Jon gick till stationen. John walked to station.the He walked to the station.

5. [ V V [ NP [ N N-Aff ]]] (20) János az iskoká-ba futott John the school-ill ran John ran (in)to the school.

Prev V Prt/Adv P N-aff

(21) Prev=V Prt/Adv {[P NP] / [ N-aff]} --- --- Preverbs

Prev V Prt/Adv P N-aff 2

2.3 e.g., TO IN e.g., TO HOME into ; *home home; in

I e.g., home

3. II Sinha & Kuteva

4. III Ground (Slobin) (22) a. He walked down the hill across the bridge and through the pasture to the chapel. b. [ ] [ ] [ ][ ]

Ground (23) a. He walked out of the house into the garden. b. He walked out of the house and into the school.

I (24) a. He walked out of the house into the garden. b. (25) a. He walked out of the house and into the school. b.??

II (26) a. I went up the stairs (and then) toward her. b.

-- -- -->

TO IN --->

-- -- Preverbs

--> (27) a. fahren durch den Park zum Bahnhof drive through the park to.the station drive through the park to the station b *durchfahren den Park zum Bahnhof through-drive the park to.the station