IIC Proposal of Range Extension Control System by Drive and Regeneration Distribution Based on Efficiency Characteristic of Motors for Electric

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IIC-1-19 Proposal of Range Extension Control System by Drive and Regeneration Distribution Based on Efficiency Characteristic of Motors for Electric Vehicle Toru Suzuki, Hiroshi Fujimoto (Yokohama National University) Abstract The effect of improvement of fuel efficiency with electric vehicles (EVs) is large. However, EVs have a disadvantage that the mileage per charge is not long. Technologies that improve the efficiency of inverters and motors are very effective to overcome the disadvantage. In this paper, the range extension control system (RECS) is proposed in which the total efficiency of vehicle is optimized by torque distribution to multiple motors. Moreover, simulations and experiments are carried out to verify the proposed system. (electric vehicle, motor efficiency, mileage per charge, torque distribution, range extension control system ) 1. 1 1 (1) Prius Insight 1 (2) (4) i-miev (5) CO 2 CO 2 [g/km] CO 2 1/4 1/3 (5) CO 2 (6) (12) (6) (7) (8) (9) (12) 1 2 (13) (14) (Range Extension Control System: RECS) (15) 2. 2 1 1/6

6% % 7% % 8% 6% % 7% % 8% % % (a) FPEV2-Kanon. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 (a) Front Motor. Fig. 2. 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 (b) Rear Motor. Motor Efficiency Characteristics. Ì Ö ¼ Ì Ö ¼ Ì Ö (b) Front Motor. (c) Rear Motor. Fig. 1. 1 Experimental Vehicle. ¼ ¾Ì Ö ¼ ¾Ì Ö ¼ Ì Ö 1 Table 1. Specification of In-Wheel Motors. Front Rear Manufacturer TOYO DENKI SEIZO K.K. Type Direct Drive System Outer Rotor Type Rated Torque 11 [Nm] 137 [Nm] Maximum Toruque [Nm] 34 [Nm] Rated Power 6. [kw] 4.3 [kw] Maximum Power 2. [kw] 1.7 [kw] Rated Speed [rpm] 382 [rpm] Maximum Speed 1113 [rpm] 1 [rpm] FPEV2-Kanon FPEV2-Kanon 1 1 1 16 [V] 1 2 32 [V] 2 2 2 (a) Equal Distribution Type Fig. 3. 3 ¼ Ì Ö (b) Yaw Moment Cancellation Type Examples of Torque Distribution. 2 3. 3 1 3(a) 3(b) 2 (1) (3) γ T f, T r 2/6

Î È Á Ö È Î È Á Ö È 3 3 4(b) η all P r < È Ö Ö (a) Front Drive Rear Drive. 4 Fig. 4. È Ö Driving Pattern. Ö È Ö È Ö (b) Front Drive Rear Regeneration. T ref γ (4) T ref T f + T r (1) T f (1 γ) T ref (2) T r γt ref (3) T fl T fr + T rl T rr (4) T fl T fr T rl T rr T f T fl +T fr T r T rl +T rr γ P o T ref ω o (T f + T r) ω o (5) P f T f ω o (1 γ) T ref ω o (1 γ) P o (6) P r T r ω o γt ref ω o γp ref (7) P o P f P r ω o η all η all (8) 3 2 4(a) η all η all P f + P r P f + P r η r P ref (1 γ)p ref + γp ref η r η r (1 γ) η r + γ (9) η all P f + P r P f + η r P r (1 γ)p ref P ref + γη rp ref 1 γ + γ η r (1) 4. 4 1 2 γ 1.5 (9) (1) 5 γ γ 1 γ 1.5 1.5 5(f) 5(i) 2 5(a) 5(e) γ 5(f) 5(i) γ.4.9 γ.5 γ 1 γ.5 γ 4(b) 4 2 6 3/6

9 9 9 8 7 6 km/h 5 km/h 6 4 km/h 3 km/h 5.5 1 1.5 8 7 6 km/h 5 km/h 6 4 km/h 3 km/h 5.5 1 1.5 8 7 6 km/h 5 km/h 6 4 km/h 3 km/h 5.5 1 1.5 (a) T ref 2 [Nm] (b) T ref 4 [Nm] (c) T ref 6 [Nm] 9 9 9 8 7 6 km/h 5 km/h 6 4 km/h 3 km/h 5.5 1 1.5 8 7 6 km/h 5 km/h 6 4 km/h 3 km/h 5.5 1 1.5 8 7 6 km/h 5 km/h 6 4 km/h 3 km/h 5.5 1 1.5 (d) T ref 8 [Nm] (e) T ref [Nm] (f) T ref 12 [Nm] 9 9 9 8 7 6 km/h 5 km/h 6 4 km/h 3 km/h 5.5 1 1.5 (g) T ref 14 [Nm] Fig. 5. 5 8 7 6 km/h 5 km/h 6 4 km/h 3 km/h 5.5 1 1.5 (h) T ref 16 [Nm] Torque Distribution Results to Total Torque Reference. 8 7 6 km/h 5 km/h 6 4 km/h 3 km/h 5.5 1 1.5 (i) T ref 18 [Nm] 9 8 7 % 6% 7% % 8% % 2 4 6 8 (a) Motor Efficiency map I Fig. 6. 6 7% 9 % 8% 6% % % 8 7 2 4 6 8 (b) Motor Efficiency map II Effective Motor Efficiency Characteristics for Drive and Regeneration. 6(a) 6(b) 6(a) 6(b) (16) 6 γ 1.5 (9) (1) 7 7 4 1 6 7(a) γ 7(b) γ γ > 1 7(d) 7(g) < γ < 1 γ > 1 7(h) 7(i) < γ < 1 6 4 3 3 [km/h] 18 [Nm] 8 4 1 1 [kwh] V dc I dc t 4/6

9 9 9 8 7 6 km/h 5 km/h 6 4 km/h 3 km/h 5.5 1 1.5 8 7 6 km/h 5 km/h 6 4 km/h 3 km/h 5.5 1 1.5 8 7 6 km/h 5 km/h 6 4 km/h 3 km/h 5.5 1 1.5 (a) T ref [Nm] (b) T ref 23 [Nm] (c) T ref 26 [Nm] 9 9 9 8 7 6 km/h 5 km/h 6 4 km/h 3 km/h 5.5 1 1.5 8 7 6 km/h 5 km/h 6 4 km/h 3 km/h 5.5 1 1.5 8 7 6 km/h 5 km/h 6 4 km/h 3 km/h 5.5 1 1.5 (d) T ref 29 [Nm] (e) T ref 32 [Nm] (f) T ref 35 [Nm] 9 9 9 8 7 6 km/h 5 km/h 6 4 km/h 3 km/h 5.5 1 1.5 (g) T ref 38 [Nm] Fig. 7. 7 8 7 6 km/h 5 km/h 6 4 km/h 3 km/h 5.5 1 1.5 (h) T ref 41 [Nm] Torque Distribution Results to Total Torque Reference. 8 7 6 km/h 5 km/h 6 4 km/h 3 km/h 5.5 1 1.5 (i) T ref 44 [Nm] 9 8 7 2 1 [kwh] Table 2. km per kwh γ.5.88 1 km/kwh 3.2 3.6 4.1 3.8 6 5.2.4.6.8 1 8 (V 3 [km/h] T ref 18 [Nm]) Fig. 8. Efficiency of Torque Distribution E t L L E 1 [kwh] 2 2 1 [kwh] 3% 3% i-miev 16 [kwh] (5) 14 [km] 5. 4 4 γ 4 step1 γ V T ref 3 l m step2 5 V (i) T ref(j) γ V (i) T ref(j) step1 i j i, 1,, l j, 1,, m 5/6

1.5 NEDO ( ID:5A4871d) step3 9 Ì Ö.5 5 15 T ref [Nm] @6 [km/h] 1 Fig. 9. Optimum Distribution Rate to Total Torque Reference Ê Ë Ì Ð Ì Ö Î Ì Ö µ Ì Ä Î Ð Ì ÖÐ Ì ÖÖ Fig. 1. Block Diagram of RECS γ V(i),T ref(j) arg max η all (γ) V(i),T ref(j) (11) T ref γ (12) γ ( ) n V (i), T ref(j) a ijk T k (12) step4 step5 k (12) V (i) step4 V (x) i i + 1 V (i) V (i+1) V (i) < V (x) < V (i+1) γ ( ) V (i+1) V (x) V (x), T ref(j) γ ( ) V (i), T ref(j) V (i+1) V (i) + V (x) V (i) V (i+1) V (i) γ ( V (i+1), T ref(j) ) (13) 9 5 step1 step5 T ref 6 [km/h] γ 1 V ω TDL (Torque Distribution Low) (2) (3) T ref V ω (12) γ 6. Î 1 :,, Vol.129, No.1, pp2 pp23, 9 2 :,, Vol.127, No.2, pp98 pp11, 7 3 :,, Vol.129, No.11, pp732 pp734, 6 4 :,, Vol.126, No.1, pp28 pp31, 6 5 :, 21, VOL.2, ppii-63 ppii-66, 9 6 :, 21, VOL.1, ppi-667 ppi-67, 9 7 : SAZZ, 21, VOL.1, ppi-6 ppi-678, 9 8 :,, Vol.128, No.12, pp84 pp87, 8 9 :, 21, 5-16, pp26 pp27, 9 1 :, 21, 5-17, pp27 pp29, 9 11 :, 21, VOL.3, ppiii -179 ppiii -184, 9 12 : RE,, No.27, pp31 pp35, 9 13 :, 21, VOL.2, ppii-249 ppii-253, 9 14 :, 21, IIC-9-24, 9 15 :, 22, IIC1-39, 21 16 :,, 1 6/6

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