36 th ICh - - 5 - - : - 3 ( ) - 169 - -, - - - - - - - G D L U C K final 1
1 1.01 2 e 4.00 3 Li 6.94 4 Be 9.01 5 B 10.81 6 C 12.01 7 N 14.01 8 16.00 9 F 19.00 10 Ne 20.18 11 Na 22.99 12 Mg 24.31 Periodic table of elements with atomic masses / u 13 Al 26.98 14 Si 28.09 15 P 30.97 16 S 32.07 17 Cl 35.45 18 Ar 39.95 19 K 39.10 20 Ca 40.08 21 Sc 44.96 22 Ti 47.88 23 V 50.94 24 Cr 52.00 25 Mn 54.94 26 Fe 55.85 27 Co 58.93 28 Ni 58.69 29 Cu 63.55 30 Zn 65.39 31 Ga 69.72 32 Ge 72.61 33 As 74.92 34 Se 78.96 35 Br 79.90 36 Kr 83.80 37 Rb 85.47 38 Sr 87.62 39 Y 88.91 40 Zr 91.22 41 Nb 92.91 42 Mo 95.94 43 Tc 98.91 44 Ru 101.07 45 Rh 102.91 46 Pd 106.42 47 Ag 107.87 48 Cd 112.41 49 In 114.82 50 Sn 118.71 51 Sb 121.76 52 Te 127.60 53 I 126.90 54 Xe 131.29 55 Cs 132.91 56 Ba 137.3 57-71 72 f 178.49 73 Ta 180.95 74 W 183.84 75 Re 186.21 76 s 190.23 77 Ir 192.22 78 Pt 195.08 79 Au 196.97 80 g 200.59 81 Tl 204.38 82 Pb 207.19 83 Bi 208.98 84 Po 208.98 85 At 209.99 86 Rn 222.02 87 Fr 223 88 Ra 226 89-103 104 Rf 261 105 Db 262 106 Sg 263 107 Bh 264 108 s 265 109 Mt 268 57 La 138.91 58 Ce 140.12 59 Pr 140.91 60 Nd 144.24 61 Pm 144.92 62 Sm 150.36 63 Eu 151.96 64 Gd 157.25 65 Tb 158.93 66 Dy 162.50 67 o 164.93 68 Er 167.26 69 Tm 168.93 70 Yb 173.04 71 Lu 174.97 89 Ac 227 90 Th 232 91 Pa 231 92 U 238 93 Np 237 94 Pu 244 95 Am 243 96 Cm 247 97 Bk 247 98 Cf 251 99 Es 252 100 Fm 257 101 Md 258 102 No 259 103 Lr 262
f p n µ m k M G T 10-15 10-12 10-9 10-6 10-3 10 3 10 6 10 9 10 12 R = 8.314 J K -1 mol -1 F = 96485 C mol -1 : p = 1.013 10 5 Pa : T = 25 C = 298.15 K N A = 6.022 10 23 mol -1 c = 3.00 10 8 m s -1 h = 6.626 10-34 J s G = - T S G 0 = - RT lnk G = - nef G = G 0 + RT lnq Q = (T 1 ) = 0 + (T 1-298.15 K) C p (C p = ) k = A e E a R T pv = nrt E = E 0 + nλ = 2d sinθ RT c ln nf c P - A = log 0 = ε c d P ox red p = A F F = ma = πr 2 h = 4πr 2 4 = πr 3 3 1 J = 1 N m 1 N = 1 kg m s -2 1 Pa = 1 N m -2 1 W = 1 J s -1 1 C = 1 A s Final 3
1: (24 ) 2 18 1.2 0.740 g L -1 3.00 m 5.00 m 1.50 m( ) 8.00 C ( ) 10.0 C ρ = 1.00 kg L -1 Final 4
( ) 1: f 0 ( kj mol -1 ) -1 S 0 (J mol -1 K -1 ) -1 C p0 (J mol -1 K -1 ) -1 C 2 (g) 0.0024-393.5 213.8 37.1 N 2 (g) 0.0134 0.0 191.6 29.1 C 4 (g) 0.9732-74.6 186.3 35.7 C 2 6 (g) 0.0110-84.0 229.2 52.5 2 (l) - -285.8 70.0 75.3 2 (g) - -241.8 188.8 33.6 2 (g) - 0.0 205.2 29.4 : J = E (A t) -1 = λ wall T d -1 J A t z E d λ wall T Final 5
2: (23 ) λ- λ λ λ w: λ-window λ- y: conversion efficiency (%) z: ydrocarbons λ- K p θ = 1 + K p θ K = 0.85 kpa -1 θ r ( ) r = k θ Final 6
3000 2500 2000 1500 y 1000 x : p (Pa) -1 y : p V a -1 (Pa cm -3 ) -1 V a 500 0 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 x θ ads. C (ads.) + 0.5 2 (ads.) k 1 k -1 C 2 (ads.) k C 2 (ads.) 2 C 2 (g) Final 7
θ(i) = K i pi 1 + K p j j j j: Final 8
(21 ) CaCl 2 CaCl (a) (b) (c) 3.1 CaCl 2 Ca 3.2 CaCl 2 52.36 % 46.32 % 3.3 CaCl 2 Ca Cl n(ca):n(cl) = 1.5 : 1 Mg 2 C 3 3.4 a) b) CaCl CaCl CaCl MX r(m m+ ) r(x x- ) Final 9
M X r M/ /r X CaCl L 0 3 0.155-0.225 BN - 663.8 kj mol -1 4 0.225-0.414 ZnS - 704.8 kj mol -1 6 0.414-0.732 NaCl - 751.9 kj mol -1 8 0.732-1.000 CsCl - 758.4 kj mol -1 L 0 (CaCl) Ca + (g) + Cl - (g) CaCl(s) 3.5a) CaCl [r(ca + ) 120 pm ( ), r(cl - ) 167 pm)] CaCl CaCl L 0 CaCl f 0 3.5b) f 0 (CaCl) fusion 0 (Ca) 9.3 kj mol -1 1. IE (Ca) Ca Ca + 589.7 kj mol -1 2. IE (Ca) Ca + Ca 2+ 1145.0 kj mol -1 vap 0 (Ca) 150.0 kj mol -1 diss (Cl 2 ) Cl 2 2 Cl 240.0 kj mol -1 f 0 (CaCl 2 ) -796.0 kj mol -1 EA (Cl) Cl + e - Cl - - 349.0 kj mol -1 CaCl Ca CaCl 2 S 3.6 CaCl Final 10
X 5.000 g X 5.628 g 2 1 4.1 +1-2 Y +4 Y m(ag) : m(y) = 11.88 : 1 Y +2 +4 Ag 2 S 2 S 10.0 g 400 K 100 kpa 0.295 L 4.2 ~ ν ~ 1 k ν = 2πc µ ~ ν cm -1 c k (N m -1 = kg s -2 ) 3m( A) m( B) µ AB 4 µ = 3m( A) + 4m( B) m(a), m(b) (kg) C- 3030.00 cm -1 Z 2938.45 cm -1 C- 438.4 kj mol -1 Z Z- 450.2 kj mol -1 Final 11
(18 ) ATP 4 N 2 N N N N - P P P - - - ATP ATP ADP c(atp 4- ) = 2.25 mmol L -1 c(adp 3- ) = 0.25 mmol L -1 c(p 2-4 ) = 1.65 mmol L -1 ATP ATP 4- + 2 ADP 3- + P 2-4 + + G = -30.5 kj mol -1 (1) p G G G p p=7 G K + 1 mol L -1 5.1 25 C, p = 7 G anabolic G + P 2-4 6-2- + 2 G = +13.8 kj mol -1 (2) final 12
5.2-6- ATP 6- + ATP 4-2- + ADP 3- + + (3) 5.3 G K 8000 kj 5.4 a) b) c) ATP- ATP ADP 5.5 a) p=7 1 µm b) final 13
6: Diels-Alder (20 ) [4+2]- 1929-20 20 C C + [ A ] C 11 10 2 B 6.1 C + CN CN C CN CN = CN CN CN CN E D1 D2 6.2 D1 D2 B B B : C CN CN C final 14
1 2 3 4 5 6 6.3 B ( : 157 C) E ( : 153 C) F ( : 163 C) B 25 G( : 184 C) B E + F 10% 20% 70% B G 60% 40% 6.4 : 6 1-6 ( ) E F G Me + Me C 2 Me C 2 Me strong base I strong base K Me L C 12 16 5 C 11 12 4 Me - C 2 - Me C 2 Me 6.5 I, K, L : K L K final 15
- - 7.1 Pseudoephedrine 1 7.2 7.3 Methcathinone 2 7.4 final 16
LiAl 4 7.5 a) 7.5 b) 7.5 c) final 17
( T = 298.15 K ) A 1.780 g L -1 CaCl 2 B 1.700 g L -1 Na 2 C 3 pk a1 ( 2 C 3 ) = 6.37 pk a2 (C - 3 ) = 10.33 8.1 100 ml A 100 ml B C C p 10 K sp (Ca() 2 ) = 6.46 10-6 mol 3 L -3 K sp (CaC 3 ) = 3.31 10-9 mol 2 L -2 sp 8.2 A 100 ml 2 g C C 68 C C C 8 A+B final 18
8.3. 50 ml Na (c(na) = 0.19 mol L -1 ) 200 ml p 12.30 100 nm M = 8.01. 10 8 g mol -1 Z 800 (pk a (C, ) = 4.88 ) 8.4 8.5. Calcite 2.71 g cm -3 Vaterite 2.54 g cm -3 Aragonite 2.95 g cm -3 final 19
11 Name: Student code: 11 1.1 : (2) a) : b) : : (4) ( ) : 0 = S 0 = G 0 = ( ) : 0 = S 0 = G 0 = 1.2 a) : (7) n(c 4 ) = n(c 2 6 ) = final 1
12 Name: Student code: 12 1.2 b) : (2) E comb. ( 2 (g)) = deviation = 1.3 : (4) : E water = MJ E air = MJ 1.4 : (2) 1.4 final 2
13 Name: Student code: 13 1.4 E loss = MJ 1.5 : ( ) (3) ( ) total energy E tot = MJ volume of gas V = ( ) total cost of gas heating = ( ) total cost of electric heating = final 3
21 Name: Student code: 21 2.1 : (3) C + 2 N + C C 8 18 + 2 2.2 - λ > 1 λ < 0.975 (3) 2.3 a) : (1) θ = 2.3 b) : (2) 2.3 c) : (3) p = final 4
22 Name: Student code: 22 2.3 d ) : (4) V a,max = K V a,max = 2.4 : (7) r = final 5
Name: 31 Student code: 31 3.1 : (3) (a) (b) (c) 3.2 : : (2) 3. 3 : (4) : 3.4 a) (2) final 6
Name: 32 Student code: 32 3.4 b) : (2) 3.5 a) : (1) 3.5 b) f 0 (CaCl): (5) f 0 (CaCl) = 3.6 : (2) yes no final 7
Name: 41 Student code: 41 4.1 : (8) final 8
42 Name: Student code: 42 4.2 : (9) final 9
43 Name: Student code: 43 4.3 : (1) k(c-) = : (1) k(z-) = : (2) final 10
51 Name: Student code: 51 5.1 G (2) G = 5.2 : c( 6- ) K = = c( ) final 11
52 Name: Student code: 52 5.3 G K : (4) c( 6- ) G = K = = = c( 5.4 a) : (2) m day-1 = 5.4 b) : (1) m body = final 12
Name: 53 Student code: 53 5.4 c) (2) - C= ATP 5.5 a) p=7 1 µm (2) 5.5 b) (2) n = n( mit ) = final 13
61 Name: Student code: 61 6.1 : (2) [ A ] : 6.2 D1, D2 : (2) D1: D2: 6.3 B (4) 1 2 3 4 5 6 final 14
Name: 62 Student code: 62 6.4 : (6) B B E E F G B G F 6.5 I, K, L : (6) I K L final 15
71 Name: Student code: 71 7.1 < > A < B A B : (3) SC 3 P(C 3 ) 2 C 3 CCl 3 C 2 Br 7.2 R S? (4) ( : 0.5 ) 7.3 1 1 sawhorse 1 : (1) (2) final 16
Name: 72 Student code: 72 7.4 : (4) + 2 + 7.5a) (2) ( ): 7.5b) : (2) 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 7.5c) : (3) final 17
81 Name: Student code: 81 8.1 p: (3) p = 8.2 (6) final 18
Name: 82 Student code: 82 Ca() 2 CaC 3 yes yes no no 8.3 CaC 3 : (1) C C C 68 C C 8 final 19
83 Name: Student code: 83 8.4 (7) final 20
84 Name: Student code: 84 8.5 : (5) Calcite Vaterite Aragonite final 21