Journal of the Combustion Society of Japan Vol.58 No.185 (2016) ORIGINAL PAPER 火災旋風近傍の流れに関する研究 Flow Around a Fire Whirl *

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58 185 2016 167-171 Journal of the Combustion Society of Japan Vol.58 No.185 (2016) 167-171 ORIGINAL PAPER 火災旋風近傍の流れに関する研究 Flow Around a Fire Whirl * ONISHI, Hiroyuki and KUWANA, Kazunori 992-8510 4-3-16 Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan 2015 12 21 ; 2016 3 2 Received 21 December, 2015; Accepted 2 March, 2016 Abstract : The objective of this paper is to provide basic information of the flow field around a fire whirl created by a fixed-frame or a rotating-frame fire whirl generator. Similar fire whirl generators to previous experimental studies are used to generate fire whirls under different conditions. A PIV method is used to obtain average flow field. The difference in tangential velocity distributions generated by the two different fire whirl generators is examined, and the validity of previous theoretical models is discussed. Radial velocity distribution near the flame base is also measured to reveal the presence of a boundary layer in which a fast flow toward flame is observed. This boundary layer controls the shape of flame base, hence the burning rate, and eventually the flame height of a fire whirl. Key Words : Fire whirl, PIV, Tangential velocity, Radial velocity, Boundary layer 1. 緒言 [1-4] [2-8] [9-13] * Corresponding author. E-mail: kuwana@yz.yamagata-u.ac.jp PIV 2. 実験装置および実験方法 2.1. 接線方向の速度分布の測定方法 1 2 1 50 cm 30 cm 1 2 (45)

168 58 185 2016 1 50 cm 30 cm 2 PIV 3 3 d = 6.2 cm ) s = 3.5 cm d = 4.2 6.2 cm n n = 40 70 rpm ( ) h h = 7 17 23 cm 100 mw Nd:YVO 4 1 mm ( 30 ) h = 7 17 23 cm 50 50 3 50 50 256 256 400 fps 2400 μs 4(a) 4(a) PIV PIV Fig.2 Experimental setup using a rotating-frame fire whirl generator. Fig.3 Typical fire whirls generated by the fixed-frame (left) and rotating-frame (right) fire whirl generators. (a) Tangential velocity (b) Radial velocity Fig.4 Area for PIV analysis. Fig.1 Experimental setup using a fixed-frame fire whirl generator. 2.2. 半径方向の速度分布の測定方法 [9,14-16] 1 (46)

169 ( ) ( 256 256 1000 fps 990 μs) 21 4(b) 4(b) 0.1 cm PIV 3. 実験結果および考察 H (H = 40 cm) 5 (h = 7, 23 cm) 6.2 cm s 3.5 cm 40 rpm 3 cm ( ) 5 3 50 h 5 h = 17 cm h = 23 cm 5 40 cm Rankine Hassan [17] Chuah [18] Fig.5 Tangential velocity distribution obtained using the fixed-frame (s = 3.5 cm, d = 6.2 cm) and the rotating-frame (n = 40 rpm, d = 6.2 cm) fire whirl generators. Chuah Chuah Burgers 5 Burgers Chuah [6] [11] 5 n (n = 40 70 rpm) 6 1.75 1.3 (47)

170 58 185 2016 Fig.6 Tangential velocity distribution obtained using the rotating-frame fire whirl generator (d = 6.2 cm). Fig.8 Radial velocity distribution obtained using the fixed-frame fire whirl generator (s = 3.5 cm, d = 6.2 cm). Fig.7 Effect of pool diameter on tangential velocity around fire whirl created by rotating-frame generator (n = 40 rpm). (r = 15 cm) 70 90 % n n = 40 rpm d d = 4.2 6.2 cm 7 6 Emmons and Ying [9] ( ) Ekman [9,14-16] Hayashi [15] Dobashi [16] ( ) Ekman [19] 8 1 cm 2 3 mm 1 cm Ekman h = 1 cm h 7 cm h = 1 cm ( 9) (48)

171 謝辞 JSPS 15H02977 References Fig.9 h = 1 cm 7 cm 2 1/2 8 Ekman 4. 結論 Tangential velocity using the fixed-frame (s = 3.5 cm, d = 6.2 cm) at h = 1, 7, and 23 cm. PIV 70 90 % Ekman 1. Graham, H.E., Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 36: 99-103 (1955). 2. Emori, R.I. and Saito, K., Fire Technol. 18:319-327 (1982). 3. Soma, S. and Saito, K., Combust. Flame 86: 269-284 (1991). 4. Kuwana, K., Sekimoto, K., Minami, T., Tashiro, T., and Saito, K., Proc. Combust. Inst. 34: 2625-2631 (2013). 5. Kuwana, K., Sekimoto, K., Saito, K., Williams, F.A., Hayashi, Y., and Masuda, H., AIAA J. 45: 16-19 (2007). 6. Kuwana, K., Sekimoto, K., Saito, K., and Williams, F.A., Fire Saf. J. 43: 252-257 (2008). 7. Shinohara, M. and Matsushima, S., Fire Saf. J. 54: 144-153 (2012). 8. Forthofer, J.M. and Goodrick, S.L., J. Combust. 2011:984363 (2011). 9. Emmons, H.W. and Ying, S.J., Proc. Combust. Inst. 11: 475-488 (1967). 10. Kuwana, K., Morishita, S., Dobashi, R., Chuah, K.H. and Saito, K., Proc. Combust. Inst. 33: 2425-2432 (2011). 11. Lei, J., Liu, N., Zhang, L, Chen, H., Shu, L., Chen, P., Deng, Z., Zhu, J., Satoh, K., and de Ris, J., Proc. Combust. Inst. 33: 2407-2415 (2011). 12. Lei, J., Liu, N., and Satoh, K., Proc. Combust. Inst. 35: 2503-2510 (2015). 13. Hartl, K.A. and Smits, A.J., Combust. Flame 163: 202-208 (2016). 14. Lei, J., Liu, N., Zhang, L., Deng, Z., Akafuah, N.K., Li, T., Saito, K., and Satoh, K., Combust. Flame 159: 2104-2114 (2012). 15. Hayashi, Y., Kuwana, K., Mogi, T., and Dobashi, R., J. Chem. Eng. Jpn. 46: 689-694 (2013). 16. Dobashi, R., Okura, T., Nagaoka, R., Hayashi, Y., and Mogi, T., Fire Technol. (accepted). 17. Hassan, M.I., Kuwana, K., Saito, K., and Wang, F., Fire Safety Science Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium (2005) pp. 951-962. 18. Chuah, K.H., Kuwana, K., and Saito, K., Combust. Flame 156: 1828-1833 (2009). 19. Shinohara, M., Bull. Jpn. Assoc. Fire Sci. Eng. (in Japanese) 58: 1-12 (2008). (49)

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