EVITS 1,a) 2 2 2011 10 21, 2012 4 2 EV 1 EV ITS EV ITS EV EV EV Development and Evaluation of ITS Information Communication System for Electric Vehicle Yuriko Hattori 1,a) Tomokazu Shimoda 2 Masayoshi Ito 2 Received: October 21, 2011, Accepted: April 2, 2012 Abstract: Electric Vehicle (EV) has a restriction for the distance which it can drive by one battery charge, and under the present situation there are some problems such as there being few installation places for the battery charge equipment. To promote the introduction of EV, the ITS services corresponding to these problems and characteristics are required. ITS information communication system for EV we propose in this paper, provides functions for observing the amount of battery remainder and leading to surrounding battery charge stations while driving, and also creating the efficient battery charge schedule for EV. Concretely we develop the protocol that connects the wide area network and the road to vehicle communication with the in-vehicle network, and also the in-vehicle system and the roadside system whereby reading and writing vehicle data from center and roadside are achieved. As a result of the feasibility test, by developing the service applications the sense of security in the EV and the convenience and the amenity in the battery charge stations will be improved. The effectiveness of the services and practical use of the system have been confirmed. Keywords: road to vehicle communication, wide area network, in-vehicle network, EV (electric vehicle) 1. EV: 1 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd., Kobe, Hyogo 652 8585, Japan 2 Mitsubishi Motors Corporation, Okazaki, Aichi 444 8501, Japan a) yuriko hattori@mhi.co.jp Electric Vehicle EV 1 EV 1 EV EV EV c 2012 Information Processing Society of Japan 1721
EV EV ITS 2 EV [1] [2] [3] EV ICT Information Communication Technology EV ITS EV EV EV ITS 2 3 4 EV ITS 5 6 7 2. ICT 3.5 G WiMAX Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access VICS: Vehicular Information Communication System5.8 GHz DSRC Dedicated Short Range Communication [4] ITS VICS ETC Electronic Toll Collection System ITS EV EV 30 m 3. 3.1 ETC 5.8 GHz DSRC DSRC ARIB STDc 2012 Information Processing Society of Japan 1722
T75 [5] STD-T88 [6] 4 Mbps DSRC 30 m 1 ARIB STD-T88 1 3.2 3.5 G 3.5 G 100 kbps 1 Mbps 3.3 CAN Controller Area Network CAN ISO 11898 [7] LAN CAN CAN 2 2 CAN CSMA/CR Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Resolution [8] CAN 1 Mbps 3.4 EV 1 EV 1 EV EV ITS 1 2 3 4 5 4. EV ITS EV ITS DSRC 3.5 G CAN EV ITS DSRC 3.5 G CAN 4.1 EV ITS EV ECU Electronic Control Unit CAN ECU c 2012 Information Processing Society of Japan 1723
1 EV ITS Fig. 1 Configuration of ITS information communication system for EV. EV ITS 1 EV EV EV EV 4.2 DSRC 3.5 G CAN DSRC 3.5 G 3.4 1 2 4.2.1 DSRC DSRC DSRC ITS AP DSRC [9] 5 4.2.2 EV ITS 2 DSRC DSRC 2 Fig. 2 Protocol stack. CAN I/F 2 3 4.2.3 (1) 3 1 CAN CAN ID CAN CAN ID 2 ECU CAN ECU ECU c 2012 Information Processing Society of Japan 1724
Fig. 3 3 Communication sequence for connecting roadside with in-vehicle network. Fig. 4 4 Communication sequence for connecting wide area with in-vehicle network. ECU DSRC ECU (2) URI Uniform Resource Identifier URI 4 (3) URI c 2012 Information Processing Society of Japan 1725
Fig. 5 5 Communication sequence for combining road to vehicle with wide area communications. URI 5 5. EV ITS 5.1 ECU CAN ECU DSRC 5.1.1 ITS DSRC [10] DSRC ECU OFF DSRC 5.1.2 ECU ECU ECU DSRC CAN DSRC CAN ECU ECU CAN (1) CAN 1 ISO 11898-2 [11] 11898-3 [12] 2 CAN-B CAN-C 500 kbps 500 msec (2) 1 ECU 2 ECU CAN 3 DSRC DSRC- SPF ECU 3.4 4 5.1.3 c 2012 Information Processing Society of Japan 1726
HTML Hyper Text Markup Language 5.1.4 HTML (1) 1 USB 1.1 2 USB USB 3 4 Mbps (2) 1 PPPCP Point-to-Point Protocol Control Protocol 2 DSRC 10 msec 3 5.2 6 ID CAN 5.2.1 1 1 EV / EV 5.2.2 (1) (2) EV EV EV EV EV Table 1 1 Example of vehicle information items. 6 Fig. 6 Roadside system configuration. c 2012 Information Processing Society of Japan 1727
/ EV EV EV EV EV EV EV 6. 6.1 EV ITS EV 2 7 6.2 6.2.1 (1) ID 1 (2) EV 30% ID 30% (3) EV / EV EV EV EV 8 6.2.2 (1) ID 1kbyte 3.5 G DSRC CAN 500 msec 9 DSRC 1 4 CAN 3.5 G DSRC 1 7 Fig. 7 Relation of position between vehicle and roadside antenna. 2 Table 2 Feasibility test parameters. c 2012 Information Processing Society of Japan 1728
Fig. 8 8 EV Example of battery charge schedule for EV. Fig. 9 9 Distribution of time for collecting vehicle information by experimental system. Fig. 10 10 Distribution of processing time by experimental system. 100% 1 (2) EV 30% 30% 10 3.5 G CAN 3 100% (3) ID DSRC CAN ON 10 CAN DSRC CAN 3 ON 100% c 2012 Information Processing Society of Japan 1729
3 Table 3 Performance evaluation of proposed system. (4) EV ITS 3 7. EV ITS EV ITS DSRC 3.5 G CAN DSRC 3.5 G CAN DSRC 3.5 G EV ITS EV EV ITS EV EV [1] http://www.855756.com/car/ichijouhou/. [2] EV http://www.ev-life.com/. [3] Vol.49, No.1, pp.253 264 (2008). [4] Vol.50, No.1, pp.42 50 (2009). [5] ARIB STD-T75 DSRC (2008). [6] ARIB STD-T88 DSRC (2007). [7] International Organization for Standardization: ISO 11898-1 Road vehicles - Controller area network (CAN) Part 1: Data link layer and physical signaling (2003). [8] RJJ05B0937-0100 Rev.1.00 CAN (2006). [9] ITS ITS FORUM RC-004 1.1 DSRC (2007). [10] ITS JEITA TT-6002A ITS DSRC (2008). [11] International Organization for Standardization: ISO 11898-2 Road vehicles - Controller area network (CAN) Part 2: High-speed medium access unit (2003). [12] International Organization for Standardization: ISO c 2012 Information Processing Society of Japan 1730
11898-3 Road vehicles - Controller area network (CAN) Part 3: Low-speed, fault-tolerant, medium-dependent (2006). 1979 ITS ITS FIT2011 10 2000 2011 10 ITS 1987 ITS c 2012 Information Processing Society of Japan 1731