1 JCAP 5 WG 2007 2 22
2 1. 2. 2.1 CR-DPF ( DPF) 2.2 NSR (NOx ) S P 2.3 SCR (NOx ) S P 2.4 3. CO 2 4.
3 CR-DPF NSR SCR SAPS* *SAPS Sulfated Ash ) Phosphate Sulfur CO 2
4
5 1. 2. 2.1 CR-DPF 2.2 NSR S P 2.3 SCR S P 2.4 3. CO 2 4.
6 DPF ( ) CR-DPF DPF DPF
6.9L DPF DPF DPF CR-DPF 2700rpm DPF Test No. Oil Fuel sulfur Test duration 1 DH-1 class (S.Ash*=1.70) S=50ppm 600h 2 Low Ash-A (S.Ash=1.31) S=50ppm 600h 3 Low Ash-B (S.Ash=0.96) S=50ppm 600h 4 Low Ash-B (S.Ash=0.96) S=50ppm 1000h 5 Low Ash-B (S.Ash=0.96) S=10ppm 600h *Sulfated Ash 7
DPF S 50ppm 10ppm DPF Increase of normalized CR- DPF pressure drop, kpa 10 8 6 4 2 0 6.9L engine +CR-DPF, Full/Full Low Ash-B (S10 Fuel) DH-1 class S.Ash=1.70 S50 Fuel Low Ash-A S.Ash=1.31 Low Ash-B S.Ash=0.96 0 200 400 600 800 1000 Time, h (CaSO4 ) DH-1 class Low Ash-B S.Ash =1.70% S.Ash =0.96% 600h 600h 8
CR-DPF CR-DPF CR-DPF Heater CR -DPF Sampling filter (Silica fiber thimble filter) Pressure sensor Silica gel Engine Vacuum pump Mass flow meter (Max.100L/min) Valve Cooler Water trap vessel 9
DPF S CR-DPF 100 Ca Zn P DH-1 class Metal trapping ratio, % 80 60 40 20 0 No.1 Ref. No2 DPF 1/2 length No3 SiC No.4 1/2 load 1 2 3 4 5 (350 o C) No.5 Fuel S=0ppm 10
95 CR-DPF Metal trapping ratio, % 100 80 60 40 20 0 Ca Zn P Mg 2700r/min, Full load No. 1 Ref. No. 6. No. 7 No. 8 No. 9 No. 10 Ca-Phenate Ca Ca-Sulfonate Mg-Sulfonate Neutral downtreat Ca-Salicylate Sulfonate uptreat No.11 Low volatility 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 11
12 CR-DPF ( ) DPF DPF DPF
13 1. 2. 2.1 CR-DPF 2.2 NSR S P 2.3 SCR S P 2.4 3. CO 2 4.
SO 2 S S 10ppm S SO 2 emission, g 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 SO2 emission from oil SO2 emission from fuel Sulfur in fuel ppm 50 1 10 2 30 Sulfur in oil mass% 0.8 0.8 0.8 * S SO 2 14
15 (S ) NSR S P S P
4L PM NOx (NSR+DPF) 2200rpm/115Nm NOx S Test No. Fuel Name Oil S mass% P mass% S.Ash mass% 1 High SAPS S10 2 Low SAPS 3 High SAPS 4 Low SAPS S0* 5 High ZnDTP 6 High S Basestock * Sulfur content <1ppm. 16
NOx S0 S10 Low SAPS High SAPS NOx NOx conversion ratio, High SAPS / S10 Fuel Low SAPS / S10 Fuel High SAPS / S0 Fuel Low SAPS / S0 Fuel High ZnDTP / S0 Fuel High S Basestock / S0 Fuel 100 80 60 S0 Fuel 40 S10 Fuel 20 0 0 50 100 150 200 250 Time, h 17
S0 NOx P S NOx conversion ratio 200h, 100 80 60 40 20 0 High SAPS Low SAPS High ZnDTP S0 Fuel High S basestock Oil S cont. % 0.76 0.34 0.69 0.67 Oil P cont. % 0.11 0.07 0.28 0.07 18
NOx conversion, % 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 High SAPS / S10 Fuel Low SAPS / S10 Fuel High SAPS / S0 Fuel Low SAPS / S0 Fuel High ZnDTP / S0 Fuel High S Basestock / S0 Fuel Sulfur emission (Calculated), g 19
20 P/S P/S S P Test No. Fuel Name Oil Elementary Deposits on NSR + DPF S P P/S S P P/S (%) (%) (g/unit) (g/unit) 1 S10 High SAPS 0.76 0.11 0.14 21.2 0.80 0.04 2 Low SAPS 0.34 0.07 0.21 15.5 0.67 0.04 3 High SAPS 0.76 0.11 0.14 8.4 0.25 0.03 4 S0 Low SAPS 0.34 0.07 0.21 5.3 0.52 0.10 5 High ZnDTP 0.69 0.28 0.41 8.5 1.57 0.18 6 High S Basestock 0.67 0.07 0.10 10.5 0.17 0.02
21 S 120 P ( ) 60 25 4 S content in NSR Cat.+DPF, g/unit 20 15 10 5 0 y = 1.191x R2 = 0.9886 P content in NSR Cat.+DPF, g/unit 3 2 1 0 y = 0.6139x R2 = 0.9092 0 5 10 15 20 25 0 1 2 3 4 S emission (Calculated), g/unit P emission (Calculated), g/unit
22 Ca Zn P ( ) 60 S P Ca Zn Ca content in NSR Cat.+DPF, g/unit 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 y = 0.6154x R2 = 0.9881 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Ca emission (Calculated), g/unit Zn content in NSR Cat.+DPF, g/unit 4 3 2 1 0 y = 0.6041x R2 = 0.9817 0 1 2 3 4 Zn emission (Calculated), g/unit
23 S,P ) Vacuum pump Heater Pressure sensor Silica gel Engine Filter (Silica fiber thimble filter) Mass flow meter (1L/min) Impingers filled with 3 % H 2 O 2 solution
24 S (SOx ) P Sulfur in the exhaust, micro g/m3 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 circle: average bar: + - sigma y = 215x R2 = 0.9898 S0 Fuel 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 Phosphorus in the exhaust, micro g/m3 100 80 60 40 20 0 circle: average bar: + - sigma y = 45x R2 = 0.5888 S0 Fuel 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 Sulfur in the new oil, mass% Phosphorus in the new oil, mass% Sulfur Phosphorus
62 P Ca Zn 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Vapor Mist S10 Fuel S0 Fuel 62% 38% 25 Oil consumption g/h High SAPS Low SAPS High SAPS Low SAPS High ZnDTP igh S Basestock Average
26 NSR S P S NSR NOx S S S P P NSR S
27 1. 2. 2.1 CR-DPF 2.2 NSR S P 2.3 SCR S P 2.4 3. CO 2 4.
28 SCR S P 100 60 1270 SCR 400 15 9.2L SCR S10
NOx Ca, Zn, S P NOx conversion Index, % 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 Time, h 29
SCR S P 30 DH-1 High SAPS NOx SCR S P SCR DH-1 SAPS
31 1. 2. 2.1 CR-DPF 2.2 NSR S P 2.3 SCR S P 2.4 3. CO 2 4.
JASO DPF JASO DH-2 32
33 1. 2. 2.1 CR-DPF 2.2 NSR S P 2.3 SCR S P 2.4 3. CO 2 4.
34 CO 2 10 15 FTP 3,200km 10,400km 2.5L, MPI, 2WD
35 Mo (MoFM) (3 ) (FEI)
5 5 4 4 3 2 FEI, 3 2 1 1 0 0 Oil-A Oil-C Oil-J Oil-A Oil-C Oil-J 10 15 mode FTP mode 36
37 1 km 1 3 5 5 4 4 3 2 FEI, 3 2 1 1 0 0 Oil-A Oil-C Oil-J Oil-A Oil-C Oil-J 10 15 mode FTP mode (3,200km) (10,400km)
38 1. 2. 2.1 CR-DPF 2.2 NSR S P 2.3 SCR S P 2.4 3. CO 2 4.
DPF NSR S JASO CO 2 20W-30 4 ASTM 39