31 MBA OJT(On-the-Job-Training) Off-JT(Off-the-Job-Training) MBA 1 2 1 50 60 80% 20 30 60% 70% Japan Institute of Labour Policy and Training 2004
32 16 MBA Master of Business Administration 11 6 5 2 3 4 1 HBS 1908 700 9 MBA 5 100 CEO 4 MBA 6 2 MBA MBA 2 2004 8 2006 6 2006 5 MBA 1980 1990 3 1990 MBA 5 2004 30 Business Week Online, 2004 B-school Profiles and Rankings accessed on June 29, 2006, from http://www.businessweek.com/ bschools/04/index.html 3 2004 8 4 MBA 2003 2001 5 175 165 235 153 5 2005 JBICI Research Paper, No.22, 2003 5 p.31 6 Koike and Inoki 2003 p.43, Table 3-4 CEO MBA 1 50 25 2004
33 3 2001 1987 4 3 HBS MIT IT MBA MBA 1950 1970 1980 1980 1990 MBA 2000 2 7 10 20 2 1,500 8 MBA MBA 2003 8 MBA 9 1980 1990 7 2003 3 16 p.19 8 2003 3 16 p.19 8 9 2003
34 16 2002 MBA MBA MBA Wernerfelt, 1984; Barney, 1991; Plahalad, 1990, etc. Grant, 1991 MBA 2 MBA 7 8 10 10 MBA 2003 p.220
35 EMBA 11 2005 2006 MBA MBA IT 40 1990 1992 MBA 1990 1992 MBA Inoki and Koike, 2001 MBA MBA 4 MBA 1980 1983 1985 MBA MBA 40 2005 2007 7 11 EMBA Executive MBA 1
36 16 1 12 HBS 2005 2007 3 26 10 HBS 2005 2007 10 5 2005 2007 MIT IT EMBA 2005 2006 12 MBA 2003 p.220
37 IT 2001 MBA MBA 61 52 13 2005 2007 14 HBS IT 15 MBA 49 33 5 6 2 2006 1 13 MBA 2003 p.215 14 2002 p.73 15 2003 3 16 p.19
38 16 16 2004 2006 6 7 2004 2006 16 MBA http://www5a.biglobe.ne.jp/~mtomo/index.html MBA90 s HBS 1995-1997
39 2005 2007 2005 2007 MBA 17 1 A B A 1 1 1 3 HBS 6 7 A 17 MBA MBA Leonhardt 2000 1 3 7 MBA Pheffer & Fong 2002
40 16 A 2 EMBA 2005 2006 MBA - 2
41 Mintzberg, 2004; Pheffer and Fong, 2004; Ghoshal, 2005, etc. Pheffer and Fond 2002, 2004 2004 MBA 2003 MBA 2 18 19 MBA MBA 18 CEO 63 46 54 2004 3 29 p.28 19 GMAC Graduate Management Admission Council 2006 Salaries For New MBAs Top $92,000, GMAC.Com News Release, May 19, 2006. Retrieved on July 30 from http://www.gmac.com/gmac/newscenter/pressreleases/ SalariesforNewMBAsTop92000.htm
42 16 EMBA MBA EMBA
43 HBS Technology Operations 1 competition strategy 2000 MBA 20 2 1 16 - - 1 20 Pheffer and Fong 2004.
44 16 MBA MBA 20530370 C Barney, J. B. 1991a. Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management, 17, pp. 99-120. Business Week Online, 2004 B-school Profiles and Rankigs. Accessed on June 29, 2006, from http://www.businessweek. com/bschools/04/index.htm R. 2001 GMAC Graduate Management Admission Council 2006 Salaries for New MBAs Top $92,000, GMAC. COM News Release, May 19, 2006. Retrieved on Ju7ly 30 from http://www.gmac.com/gmac/newscenter/pressreleases/salariesfornewmbastop92000.htm Grant, R. M. 1991 The Resource-Based Theory of Competitive Advantage: Implications for Strategy Formulation, California Management Review, Spring 1991, 33,3,pp.114-135. International Herald Tribune 2003 The MBA Game, Europe Meets the Challenge, September 30, p.11. 1987 The Japan Institute for Labor Policy and Training 2004 Labor [Labour] Situation in Japan and Analysis 2004/2005, The Japan Institute for Labour Policy and Training. 2002 MBA MBA Koike, K. and T.Inoki 2003 Japanese Economy & Labor Series No.8: College Graduate in Japanese Industrie, Tokyo: The Japan Institute of Labour. 2005 JBICI Research Paper, No.22, 2003 5 MBA MBA 2003 MBA http://www5a.biglobe.ne.jp/~mtomo/index.html Mintzberg, H. 2004 Managers, not MBAs: A Hard Look at the Soft Practice of Managing and Management, San Francisco, CA: Berrett-Koehler. 2004 2004 3 29 28 2003 MBA 2003 3 16 19
45 Pheffer, J. and Fong, C. T. 2004 The Business School Business : Some lessons form the US Experience, Journal of Management Studies, 41:8, December, pp.1501-1520. Prahad, C.K. and G. Hamel 1990 The Core Competence of the Corporation, Harvard Business Review, 68 3, pp.79-91.springer Berlin Heidelberg Wernerfelt, B. 1984 A Resource-based View of the Firm, Strategic Management Journal, Apr.-Jun., Vol.5, Iss. 2, pp.171-180. 2002 MBA MBA 2003 MBA Business Research 2003.4.6-13 2001 2001 Management Education in Japan Co-authored with Kambayashi, Norio and Morita, Masaya 2007, Chandos Publishing, UK 2005 2005 Compatibility between ERP and Japanese-style management 2008 The Value of MBA in Japanese Companies: A Survey on Japanese MBA Students Studying at American Business Schools Yoko OKABE ABSTRACT New business schools and MBA programs have been springing up in Japanese universities over the past decade. This growing demand for business education seems to come from three different sources: Japanese companies needing managers with globally qualified business knowledge and skills, universities searching for new types of students to offset demographic decrease in Japan s young population, and individuals desiring better qualifications in order to get more rewarding jobs. With these immense pressures for growth, Japanese business schools are now seeking their own national style of business
46 16 education even though their programs are basically modeled after American ones. As a degree of Master of Business Administration (MBA) has become a popular credential among ambitious young Japanese business people, some prefer to go to overseas business schools, particularly in the US annually. Why do these people choose American business schools rather than Japanese ones despite greater costs of money and effort? What added value do they expect to obtain from American business schools? Are there any discrepancies between their expectations and the results? This paper investigates these questions for the purpose of drawing some useful suggestions for improving management of Japanese companies and Japanese business schools.