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26 Doshisha Journal of Health & Sports Science, 2, 26-37, 2010 1 2 3 4 The Characteristics of Kinetic Vision in Women s Table Tennis Players Hiromi Murakami 1, Kenji Yamaoka 2, Takeshi Yamamoto 3, Tokio Tasaka 4 A study was conducted to investigate the characteristics of kinetic vision in women s table tennis players. There are kinetic visual acuity and dynamic visual acuity in kinetic vision. In the present experiment, sports vision of women s table tennis players were measured; member of society women s table tennis players (S group: aged 24.7 1.3yrs),university women s table tennis players (U group: aged 19.5 1.1yrs), high school women s table tennis players (H group: aged 16.3 0.8yrs), junior high school women s table tennis players (JH group: aged 13.6 0.8yrs), elementary school women s table tennis players (ES group: aged 11.1 1.0yrs), and Kyoto sangyo university student women s non-athletes (NA group: aged 18.7 0.5yrs). Then players 7 numbers in S group,22 numbers in U group,32 numbers in H group,19 numbers in JH group,49 numbers in ES group and 10 numbers in NA groups(their static visual acuity>1.0) were selected as subjects. Static visual acuity, kinetic visual acuity, dynamic visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, ocular motor skill, depth perception, visual reaction time and eye-hand coordination of them were measured. Physical characteristics and experience of training of table tennis were investigated using questionnaire. Mean values of kinetic visual acuity were no significantly among all groups, dynamic visual acuity in U groups were significantly higher than H,ES groups. Kinetic visual acuity and dynamic visual acuity showed difference about contribution rates for measurement item. Static visual acuity, contrast sensitivity and eye-hand coordination showed greater contribution rates for kinetic visual acuity. Visual reaction time, ocular motor skill and eye-hand coordination showed greater contribution rates for dynamic visual acuity. Significant correlations between static visual acuity, contrast sensitivity and experience of training were not found, but significant positive correlations between visual reaction time, ocular motor skill and experience of training were found and significant negative correlation between eye-hand coordination and experience of training was found. These results suggest that the improvement of kinetic visual acuity hold the best static visual acuity, the improvement of dynamic visual acuity are caused by heavier training and these are the important for the level up game ability. Keywords women s table tennis players, kinetic vision, sports vision, contribution rates S 7 U 22 H 32 JH 19 ES 49 1 2 KVA 3 DVA 45 67 8 KVA DVA 90 10 NA 1.0 KVA DVA KVA DVA U H,ES KVA DVA KVA DVA KVA DVA 1 Faculty of Cultural Studies, Kyoto Sangyo University 2 Kyoto Bunkyo Junior College 3 Kacho Junior College 4 Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University

27 1 KVA 2001 p37-45 DVA 1993 DVA 1995 1 153 8 24 38 25 58 1.0 S 7 U 22 H 32 JH 19 ES 49 129 90 1.0 NA 10 1 S 24.7 1.3 U 19.5 1.1 H 16.3 0.8 JH 1

28 Doshisha Journal of Health & Sports Science 13.6 0.8 ES 11.1 1.0 NA 18.7 0.5 S U H JH ES NA U H JH ES NA H JH ES NA JH ES NA ES NA S 162.7 5.9cm U 157.0 4.0cm H 157.2 4.0 cm JH 157.1 4.7cm ES 146.5 8.4cm NA 159.9 3.5cm S U H JH ES U H JH NA ES S 54.1 5.2kg U 50.4 4.7kg H 51.0 4.3kg JH 46.1 5.5kg ES 36.3 6.3kg NA 49.0 4.4kg S JH ES U H JH NA ES U JH S 17.1 2.0 U 11.3 2.2 H 8.0 1.9 JH 6.2 1.2 ES 5.5 1.3 S U H JH ES U H JH ES H JH ES S 2 5 U 12 10 H 15 1 16 JH 14 1 4 ES 45 4 NA 2 8 S 71 U 45 H 53 JH 26 ES 8 A 80 2 1 2 KVA 3 DVA 45 6 7 8 8 1994 5 1 Static Visual Acuity : SVA AS-4D KOWA 2 KVA Kinetic Visual Acuity : KVA 50m 30km 1 3 AS-4D KOWA 3 DVA Dynamic Visual Acuity : DVA 90 40 / DVA 1 3 HI-10 KOWA 4Contrast Sensitivity :CS 3 1 5 Ocular Motor Skill :OMS 1992 5 0.5 1/5 30 6Depth Perception :DP 2 1 50 /sec 2.5 3

29 1 3 3 6 AS-7JS1 KOWA 7 Visual Reaction Time :VRT 6 1/100sec 50 1 3 18 8 (Eye-Hand Coordination :E/H) AcuVision-2000 120 5(1.282sec) Time Score Late Time 120 Score 0.897sec Late 0.898 1.282sec Time 3 682.0 106.9 BN-2000LT 4 1 1-1 SVA KVA DVA SVA S 1.24 0.21 U 1-1

30 Doshisha Journal of Health & Sports Science 1.32 0.21 H 1.27 0.22 JH 1.35 0.21 ES 1.34 0.21 NA 1.14 0.17 U JH ES NA KVA S 0.78 0.28 U 0.84 0.29 H 0.74 0.26 JH 0.80 0.29 ES 0.76 0.32 NA 0.66 0.19 DVA S 36.50 1.41 U 37.43 1.03 H 35.68 2.29 JH 36.92 1.19 ES 35.68 2.17 NA 31.12 6.67 S U H JH ES NA U H ES 1-2 CS OMS DP CS S 6.00 1.00 U 6.18 1.14 H 5.94 1.13 JH 5.95 1.35 ES 5.31 1.79 NA 5.60 0.84 U ES OMS S 80.00 8.25 U 72.64 11.80 H 73.19 9.01 JH 65.79 12.98 ES 56.69 13.88 NA 64.40 10.78 S H JH ES NA U JH ES DP S 7.76 4.01 U 7.96 3.86 H 11.20 10.00 JH 9.71 6.43 ES 12.06 6.26 NA 14.63 9.89 U ES NA 1-3 VRT E/H 5 TP VRT S 11.29 4.35 U 11.86 3.66 H 9.16 2.71 JH 11.21 2.84 ES 9.29 3.16 NA 7.30 3.06 S NA U H ES NA H JH JH ES NA E/H S 86.14 6.01 U 86.09 6.49 H 95.53 6.32 JH 93.05 8.45 ES 99.00 9.12 NA 92.30 5.76 S U H JH ES U 1-2 1-3

31 2 NA JH NA ES TP S 26.14 3.58 U 26.27 4.12 H 22.84 3.30 JH 23.95 3.03 ES 21.00 3.67 NA 19.40 2.63 S U H ES NA U JH H JH ES NA 2 KVA KVA r = 0.594 0.001 2 1 KVA KVA SVA DVA CS OMS DP VRT E/H 3 KVA KVA SVA59.4 DVA0.7 CS14.6 OMS1.4 DP7.5 VRT0.8 E/H15.6 2 DVA DVA 2 KVA

32 Doshisha Journal of Health & Sports Science 3 KVA 4 DVA SVA KVA CS OMS DP VRT E/H 4 DVA DVA SVA1.6 KVA1.1 CS0.1 OMS31.8 DP0.6 VRT35.8 E/H29.0 3 KVA DVA 1 KVA 5 SVA CS E/H SVA r= 0.068

33 CS r=0.118 E/H r= 0.418 0.001 2 DVA 6 VRT OMS E/H VRT r = 0.198 p<0.05 OMS r=0.354 p<0.001 E/H r= 0.418 p<0.001 2.74 1.525 1 1960 1966 Kinetic Visual Acuity KVA KVA 1950 Milller Milller and Ludvigh 1962 Dynamic Visual Acuity DVA DVA KVA DVA KVA 1962 Demer Demer and Amjadi 1993 5 SVA,CS,E/H SVA:Static Visual Acuity, CS:Contrast Sensitivity, E/H:Eye-Hand Coordination. 6 VRT,OMS,E/H VRT:Visual Reaction Time, OMS:Ocular-Motor Skill, E/H:Eye-Hand Coordination.

34 Doshisha Journal of Health & Sports Science 1993 KVA KVA 1981 p29 7 KVA 15 20 40 2002 p31 DVA 1997a 2000 DVA 10 20 KVA DVA KVA DVA U H ES KVA DVA KVA DVA KVA SVA DVA CS OMS DP VRT E/H KVA KVA 3 KVA DVA SVA KVA CS OMS DP VRT E/ H DVA DVA 4 DVA KVA DVA KVA DVA 2001 p44 KVA DVA KVA SVA E/H CS 5 SVA CS DVA VRT OMS E/H 6 OMS VRT KVA DVA E/H 5 6 KVA 5 5 9 10 1965 1981 p28 1976 1.0 5 6 86.1 6 1.0 1.2 100 1996 1996 2001 1995 1994 0.7 1.2 S 71 5 U 45 10 H 53 1 16 JH 26 1 4 ES 8 4 S 1.24 0.21 U 1.32 0.21 H 1.27 0.22 JH 1.35 0.21 ES 1.34 0.21 S 24.7 1.3 U 19.5 1.1 H

35 16.3 0.8 JH 13.6 0.8 ES 11.1 1.0 KVA 2001 p43 KVA r 0.593 p<0.001 2 Campbell and Robson 1968 1994 base line p<0.05 1996 r 0.674 r 0.435 p<0.001 KVA DVA visual information storage VIS iconic storage 1997b U H ES JH ES 6 2002 DVA EOG DVA DVA DVA Takeichi et al. 20031978 15 18 1999a 20 S 24.7 1.3 U 19.5 1.1 H 16.3 0.8 JH 13.6 0.8 ES 11.1 1.0 S U H JH ES S H JH DVA KVA DVA

36 Doshisha Journal of Health & Sports Science 1999 1999b 8 91 405 12 13 17 18 30 S U H JH ES JH ES ES KVA DVA KVA DVA KVA DVA 1 Kinetic Visual Acuity KVA Dynamic Visual Acuity DVA S 7 U 22 H 32 JH 19 ES 49 KVA DVA 90 10 NA 1.0 KVA DVA KVA DVA U H ES KVA DVA KVA DVA KVA DVA KVA DVA KVA DVA KVA DVA KVA DVA KVA DVA 14, 16-20, 1993. Campbell FW., Robson JG.: Application of Fourier analysis to the visibility of gratings, J Physiol, 197, 551-566, 1968. Demer JL., Amjadi F.: Dynamic visual acuity of normal subjects

37 during vertical optotype and heat motion, Investigative Ophthalmology Visual Science, 34, 6, 1894-1906, 1993. 67, 8, 23-26 1996 13, 7, 806-810, 1996 18, 8, 871-879, 2001 1992. DVA 9, 61-67, 2000. 46 260 1994. 1999. 1976. 15, 4, 206-210, 1994. NO.8 17, 130-132, 1993. 12, 10, 1113-1119, 1995. 11, 10, 1203-1207, 1994. 2 2002. 46, 321-326, 1997a. 12, 10, 1121-1125, 1995. 1 13, 7, 801-805, 1996. 1997b. Milller J.W., Ludvigh E.:The effect of relative motion on visual acuity, Sure, Ophthalmology, 7, 83-13, 1962. 3 17 69, 8, 885-888, 1965. 29, 54-59, 1978. 75, 9, 22-54, 1966. 13, 79-108, 1962. Takeichi N., Fukushima J., Kurkin S., Yamanobe T., Shinmei Y., Fukushima K Directional asymmetry in smooth ocular tracking in the presence of visual background in young and adult primates, Exp Bran Res in press, 380-390, 2003., 4, 21-33, 1981 14, 73-81, 1967. 10, 2001. 2 DVA DVA 40 2002. 50 329, 1999a. 26 60-61, 1999b.

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