Vol. 49 No. 10 3520 3530 (Oct. 2008) for IDB network. In this paper, we analyze the issues for existing AV/C protocol (application layer protocol over IEEE1394) to comprise the IDB network. In addition, we designed and implemented the Vehicle Interface Protocol as a higher layer of IEEE1394 to address the AV/C protocol issues for realizing the whole IDB network architecture. 1, 2 1 2 ITS ITS Data Bus IDB IDB IDB IEEE1394 ilink FireWire IEEE1394 AV/C IDB IEEE1394 AV/C IEEE1394 IDB Proposal of Vehicle Interface Protocol with the High Performance Serial Bus Technology Kenya Sato, 1, 2 Takahiro Koita 1 and Scott McCormick 2 A wide variety of in-vehicle devices such as camera sensors, navigation systems, telematics and communication equipments have been incorporated into a vehicle to realize Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) applications. Because an efficient standardized network is required, ITS Data Bus (IDB) has been discussed to carry high-speed multimedia data for audio, video and other real-time ITS applications. For connecting devices in a standardized manner, the IDB network has architecture with a gateway called vehicle interface which is located between automaker s proprietary network and the standardized IDB network. IEEE1394 high performance serial bus (also known as ilink or FireWire), which can transport multimedia data for consumer electronics, is a good candidate 1. ITS 1),2) SAE Society of Automotive Engineers ITS Data Bus IDB 3) 1 IDB IDB IDB IDB IDB IDB IDB PC IEEE1394 4) 6) 7) IEEE1394 800 Mbps Asynchronous Isochronous PC QoS 8) IEEE1394 IEC61883 9) 1 Department of Information Systems Design, Doshisha University 2 Automotive Multimedia Interface Collaboration, Inc. 3520 c 2008 Information Processing Society of Japan
3521 DVD IEEE1394 IEC61883 IEEE1394 AV/C AV/C (1) IEEE1394 AV/C IDB (2) (3) 2 3 IDB 4 IEEE1394 5 IEEE1394 IDB 6 7 8 2. MOST Media Oriented Systems Transport 11) TDMA Time Division Multiple Access ID AV/C IDB AMI-C 12) IEEE1394 13) 1 IDB Fig. 1 Network architecture for IDB. IEC61883 AV/C 10) IEEE1394 IDB USB PC Ethernet CSMA/CD QoS CoS Class of Service Ethernet QoS Ethernet IEEE1394 AV/C HAVi Home Audio/Video Interoperability 14) IIDC Instrumentation and Industrial Digital Camera 15) SBP2 ANSI Serial Bus Protocol 2 16) IPover1394 17) HAVi HAVi Java 10 AV/C IEEE1394 18) 20) IEEE1394 SCOOT-R 21) / OHCI Open Host Controller Interface IEEE1394 IDB-1394 1394TA Trade Association IDB-Forum IDB-1394 TA Document 2001018 22) IEEE 1394b-2002 6) CCP Customer Convenience Port
3522 IEEE1394 3. IDB 3.1 1 IDB IDB AP IDB IDB 1 1 1 CD MD 3 1 3.2 IDB 23) 4. IEEE1394 IEEE1394 IEEE1394 AV/C 2 IEEE1394 Fig. 2 IEEE1394 frame format. 3 AV/C Fig. 3 AV/C protocol format. 4.1 IEEE1394 2 Asynchronous IEEE1394 16 Destination ID Source ID ID Data Field AV/C IEEE1394 IEEE1212 24) CSR Control and Status Register ROM 4.2 AV/C 3 IEC61883 FCP
3523 AV/C VCR Subunit Type Subunit ID Subunit Type Subunit ID Subunit Type Subunit ID 5. IEEE1394 IDB IEEE1394 5.1 IEEE1394 IEEE1394 IEEE1212 AV/C (1) PHY/LINK (2) PHY ID (3) ROM (4) ROM (5) (6) (7) (8) ID (9) ID ID (10) IEEE1394 ROM ROM ROM Unit AV/C Subunit ROM IEEE1394 10 946 5.0 1 1 25) 5.2 AV/C Subunit Type Subunit ID IEEE1394 TV 1 1 IEEE1394 IEEE1394 AV/C 1 4 2 1 3 1 PU1 1 AP1 3 PU3 3 AP3 AV/C 1 1 2 1 IEEE1394 Src 1 PU1 Dest 2 PU2 AV/C 3 AP3 2 PU2 1 2
3524 4 Fig. 4 AV/C AV/C protocol issue (gateway structure). 3 PU3 IEEE1394 2 PU2 3 PU3 AV/C 3 AP3 3 AP3 2 1 IEEE1394 3 PU3 2 PU2 AV/C AV/C 3 AP3 1 2 PU2 2 2 1 PU1 2 PU2 5.3 IEEE1394 AV/C 5 1 PU1 2 5 AV/C Fig. 5 AV/C protocol issue (logical unit). AV/C 1 PU1 1 AP1 3 PU3 3 AP3 1 AP3 PU3 PU1 AP1 3 AP3 1 1 1 1 PU1 1 AP1 PU1 AP1 1 1 AP1 1 1 PU1 2 AP2 3 AP3
3525 6 Fig. 6 Vehicle interface protocol structure. 2 2 3 AP3 2 PU1 1 2 1 PU1 3 PU3 1 AP1 2 AP2 1 1 PU1 2 AP2 2 2 6. 6.1 IDB IEEE1394 AV/C VIP IEEE1394 IEC61883 AV/C IEEE1394 6 3 AV/C IEC61883 FCP IEEE1394 IDB-1394 IEEE1394 FCP 4 FCP CTS FCP FCP IEEE1394 AV/C
3526 FCP 6.2 ROM (1) PHY/LINK (2) PHY ID (3) ID (4) ROM ROM IDB 6.3 7 Dest F-Type Dest I-Num Src F-Type Src I-Num F-Type 7 Fig. 7 Vehicle interface protocol frame format. I-Num I-Num 1 2 F-Type TCP/UDP F-Type I-Num 4 IEEE1394 AV/C 8 1 PU1 1 AP1 3 3 1 PU1 2 PU2 1 AP1 PU1 AP3 PU2 2 PU2 1 2 3 PU3 IEEE1394 2 PU2 3 PU3 AP1 AP3 2 3 AP3 1 AP1
3527 8 VIP Fig. 8 VIP solution (gateway structure). 1 AP3 PU3 PU1 PU2 PU2 1 2 PU1 AP3 PU2 AP1 PU1 9 1 PU1 1 AP1 3 PU3 3 AP3 1 1 PU1 2 AP2 3 PU3 3 AP3 2 3 AP3 1 AP3 PU3 AP1 PU1 2 AP3 PU3 AP2 PU1 1 2 1 9 VIP Fig. 9 VIP solution (logical unit). 1 2 AV/C IDB 6.4 PC AV/C 26)
3528 7. 7.1 10 PC AV/C IDB VDC: Vehicle Device Controller 7.2 ROM 10 946 5.0 ID 10 50 m MOST 27) 7.3 IDB IDB VDC VDC VDC IDB VDC 10 Fig. 10 Architecture of vehicle interface system. VDC VDC PC IDB AV/C CD MD AV AV AV IDB AV AV IDB AV AV AV CD AV AV IDB AV CD AV IDB AV
3529 AV/C IDB AV/C IEC61883 ID Command / Transaction Set CTS Code CTS Code IEC61883-1 FCP Frame 4 0000b AV/C 0011b HAVi 0100b 28) CTS 8. IDB IEEE1394 IEEE1212 AV/C AV/C ISO 22902 Part3 29) Part4 30) 1) Leen, G. and Heffernan, D.: Expanding Automotive Electronic Systems, IEEE Computer, Vol.35, No.1, pp.88 93 (2002). 2) Navet, N., Song, Y., Simonot-Lion, F. and Wilwert, C.: Trends in Automotive Communication Systems, Proc. IEEE, Vol.93, No.6, pp.1204 1223 (2005). 3) Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE): ITS Data Bus Architecture Reference Model Information Report, SAE J2355 (1997). 4) Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE): Standard for a High Performance Serial Bus, IEEE Std 1394-1995 (1995). 5) Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE): Standard for High Performance Serial Bus Amendment 1, IEEE Std 1394a-2000 (2000). 6) Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE): Standard for High Performance Serial Bus Amendment 2, IEEE Std 1394b-2002 (2002). 7) Rabel, M., Schmeiser, A. and Grobmann, H.P.: Integrating IEEE 1394 as Infotainment Backbone into the Automotive Environment, Proc. IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference 2001, Vol.3, pp.2026 2031 (2001). 8) QoS Vol.2002, No.115, pp.91 98 (2002). 9) International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC): Consumer Audio/Video Equipment Digital Interface IEC 61883 Part 1-6 (1998). 10) 1394 Trade Association (1394TA): AV/C Digital Interface Command Set General Specification 4.2, TA Document 2004006, 1394 Trade Association (2004). 11) MOST Cooperation: MOST Specification, Rev. 2.5 (2006). 12) AMI-C Inc. http://www.ami-c.org/ 13) Guglielmetti, L.: Standardizing Automotive Multimedia Interfaces, IEEE multimedia, Vol.10, Issue 2, pp.76 79 (2003). 14) HAVi, Inc.: Specification of the Home Audio/Video Interoperability Architecture (2001). 15) 1394 Trade Association (1394TA): IIDC 1394-based Digital Camera Specification, TA Document 2003017, 1394 Trade Association (2004). 16) American National Standards Institute (ANSI): Information Technology Serial Bus Protocol 2 (SBP-2), ANSI INCITS 325-1998 (2003). 17) Johansson, P.: IPv4 over IEEE 1394, Internet Society, Request for Comments 2734 (RFC2734) (1999). 18) Saito, T., Tomoda, I., Takabatake, Y., Ami, J. and Teramoto, K.: Home Gateway Architecture and its Implementation, IEEE Trans. Consumer Electronics, Vol.46, No.4, pp.1161 1166 (2000). 19) Hofrichter, K.: The Residential Gateway as Service Platform, Proc. International Conference on Consumer Electronics, pp.304 3005 (2001). 20) Reilly, D. and Taleb-Bendiab, A.: A Service-Based Architecture for In-Vehicle Telematics Systems, International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems Workshops, pp.741 742 (2002). 21) Chaaban, K., Shawky, M. and Crubille, P.: Dynamic Reconfiguration for High Level In-Vehicle Applications using IEEE-1394, Proc. International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems, pp.826 830 (2004). 22) 1394 Trade Association (1394TA): IDB-1394 Automotive Specification 1.0, TA Document 2001018 (2003). 23) CAN Controller Area Network Vol.46, No.8, pp.2142 2151
3530 (2005). 24) Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE): Standard for a Control and Status Registers (CSR) Architecture for Microcomputer Buses, IEEE Std 1212-2001 (2001). 25) Takagi, A., Koita, T. and Sato, K.: Fast Service Discovery Mechanism through High Speed Multimedia Network, Proc. 3rd International Conference on Mechatronics and Information Technology, Vol.6041, pp.10:1 6 (2005). 26) Automotive Multimedia Interface Collaboration, Inc. (AMI-C): AMI-C Common Message Set, AMI-C 2002 (2003). 27) (2007). 28) 1394 Trade Association (1394TA): Assignment of Automotive CTS Code and Unit SW Version, TA Document 2001014, 1394 Trade Association (2001). 29) International Organization for Standardization (ISO): Road vehicles Automotive Multimedia Interface Part 4: Network Protocol Requirements for Vehicle Interface, ISO 22902-4:2006 (2006). 30) International Organization for Standardization (ISO): Road vehicles Automotive Multimedia Interface Part 5: Common Message Set, ISO 22902-5:2006 (2006). ( 19 12 29 ) ( 20 7 1 ) 1984 1986 1991 1994 2000 2001 Automotive Multimedia Interface Collaboration, Inc. Chief Technologist. 2004 ITS ACM IEEE-CS SAE 1993 1995 1999 1999 2001 2004 Grid IEEE-CS Executive Director of Automotive Multimedia Interface Collaboration, Inc. He is also a former Advisor to the National Science Foundation, the Industrial Sector Representative to the US Federal Laboratories Technology Transfer Consortium, and the Strategic Advisor to ITU-T Advisory Panel on Communication Standards. Scott has degrees in Mathematics, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, minors in Theoretical Physics, Business Law and Psychology, a Masters in Business Administration and Doctoral Research in Artificial Intelligence.