The Era of Emphasis on Corporate Economic Value and Management Efficiency. IGARSHIMasao Nihon University, Graduate School of Social and Cultural Studies The Japanese businesses used to set management goals on attaining a certain rate of increase in sales or increasing the share in the domestic industry, but they have finally begun to place emphasis on return on equity (ROE), which is an indicator of how efficiently shareholders equity is being used. Calls for more rigorous corporate governance from domestic and foreign institutional investors are behind this shift. The new trend is expected to accelerate innovations in the Japanese companies management system as well as in management control measures. In fact, high-growth companies have been adopting economic value added (EVA) or market value added (MVA) as their management benchmarks in increasing numbers. PERROEEVAMVA 1 1
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Price Asset Ratio (Price Earning Ratio- ) Dividend Return on Assets- Yield Return on Equity- 3
4
5
2 6
7
8
Economic Value Added- 9
3 EVA Market Value Added- 10
3/96 3/97 3/98 3/99 3/00 3/01 3/02 3/03 3/04 3/05 3/06 (3/013/06) 235.3 370.3 525.7 348.2 223.2 225.3 380.0 555.0 700.0 830.0 800.0 28.8 193.3 239.2 317.3 131.1 101.4 248.7 280.0 345.0 435.0 545.0 640.0 20.8-8.9 57.0 116.9 136.5 76.9-51.1 45.0 147.0 200.0 215.0 85.0 40.1 45.2 52.1 36.6 28.3 20.5 33.0 35.0 30.0 28.0 25.0 4.0 23.9 28.9 37.0 43.0 35.9 4.3 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 56.2 7.1 19.1 20.3 18.0 20.9 17.9 20.0 23.0 26.0 28.0 30.0 10.9-6.1-1.4-7.0-4.5-9.9-11.3-12.0-10.0-10.0-10.0-10.0-14.1-17.8-11.0-12.5-30.3-3.7-6.0-10.0-11.0-11.0-10.0 227.3 266.5 301.7 307.2 306.5 348.3 410.0 430.0 450.0 445.0 430.0 4.3 162.6 188.0 197.4 218.6 212.3 203.0 240.0 260.0 280.0 285.0 290.0 7.4 2.2 3.7 12.5 3.9 13.4 37.0 50.0 50.0 49.0 38.0 16.0-15.4 22.3 28.7 30.9 34.5 32.8 34.0 28.0 27.0 26.0 25.0 25.0-6.0 10.6 13.3 16.7 11.3 10.5 11.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 1.8 9.9 15.9 22.4 21.1 23.7 40.0 55.0 55.0 55.0 55.0 55.0 6.6 16.7 14.1 17.5 15.4 10.8-18.0 20.0 22.0 24.0 26.0 28.0 9.2 3.0 2.8 4.1 2.3 3.0 5.3 5.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0-5.5 462.6 636.9 827.4 655.4 529.7 573.6 790.0 985.0 1,150.0 1,275.0 1,230.0 16.5 355.9 427.3 514.7 349.7 313.7 451.7 520.0 605.0 715.0 830.0 930.0 15.5-6.7 60.8 129.5 140.4 90.3-14.1 95.0 197.0 249.0 253.0 101.0 62.5 73.9 83.0 71.1 61.1 54.5 61.0 62.0 56.0 53.0 50.0-1.7 34.5 42.2 53.7 54.3 46.4 15.3 32.0 37.0 42.0 47.0 52.0 27.7 17.0 35.0 42.7 39.1 44.6 57.9 75.0 78.0 81.0 83.0 85.0 8.0 10.6 12.7 10.5 10.9 0.9 6.7 8.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0-11.1-15.0-6.8-10.2-27.3 1.6-1.0-6.0-7.0-7.0-6.0 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.9 11.3 8.6 9.5 10.0 10.0 9.8 9.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 13.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 17.5 17.5 17.5 17.5 17.5 17.5 17.5 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 25.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 3,148.9 4,338.2 5,603.7 4,549.7 6,003.0 4,916.4 7,542.5 9,855.0 11,505.0 12,527.5 11,095.0 15.9 2,135.5 2,563.6 3,088.5 2,098.2 2,509.4 3,613.6 4,160.0 4,840.0 5,720.0 6,640.0 7,440.0 21.5-45.8 413.3 880.4 954.7 1,174.1-211.5 1,425.0 2,955.0 3,735.0 3,795.0 1,515.0 26.4 562.8 691.4 758.5 645.7 1,069.4 953.8 1,067.5 1,085.0 980.0 927.5 875.0-2.8 413.7 506.5 644.0 651.9 1,159.2 229.5 480.0 555.0 630.0 705.0 780.0-9.5 85.0 174.8 213.7 195.4 223.0 289.5 375.0 390.0 405.0 415.0 425.0 13.2 53.0 63.6 52.7 54.5 4.5 33.5 40.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 90.0 77.9-55.4-75.1-34.2-50.8-136.5 8.0-5.0-30.0-35.0-35.0-30.0-23.8 1,109.5 826.8 504.2 431.8 289.1 496.8 616.7 304.6-97.5-549.6-1,061.8 2,039.4 3,511.4 4,999.5 4,117.9 5,713.9 4,419.6 6,925.8 9,550.4 11,602.5 13,077.1 12,156.8 18.0 373.9 374.1 398.2 410.4 453.6 915.1 915.1 915.1 915.1 915.1 915.1 15.1 5,454 9,386 12,555 10,034 12,597 4,830 7,569 10,437 12,679 14,291 13,285 17.8 20 150 310 630 1,200 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 6,000 640 640 640 640 640 500 450 400 350 300 300 13 96 198 403 768 1,000 1,350 1,600 1,750 1,800 1,800 34 257 498 982 1,693 1,093 1,475 1,748 1,912 1,967 1,967 5,489 9,643 13,053 11,016 14,290 5,923 9,044 12,185 14,592 16,258 15,252 11
2003 2002 2001 EVA 2000 EVA Erich A. Helfert, Techniques for Financial Analysis (Second Edition), Irwin 1997 ( ) 2 P 3 Price Cash-flow Ratio 12