Vol.4, No.1, 19 April 2014 Monthly Lecture Meeting Published by the Medical Information System Laboratory of Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Japan

Medical Information System Laboratory The Monthly Lecture Meeting Contents... 1 Bitcoin... 8... 14... 18 3 NAND... 23... 32 SDx(Software Defined )... 36... 41... 48... 53... 58

... 62 MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical System)... 67... 71... 75

33 2014 04 19 Satoshi SHIGARAKI Tatsuya OKAMURA Ideya SUGITA Abstract GPU 1 CAD Computer Aided Design IT Information Technology CAD 1) CAD. GPU Graphics Processing Unit CAD 3D GPU 3D CT Computed Tomography CAD 3D 2 OS Operating System Fig. 1 2) 1 OS OS OS OS 1

Fig. 1 1) 2.1 OS OS 3) Fig. 1 OS OS OS 1 CPU Central Processing Unit HDD Hard Disk Drive OS OS OS 1 1 OS CPU 1 1 OS CPU OS Fig. 2 OS 2. Fig. 2 OS 1) 2.1.1 OS OS OS OS 3) OS Mac Windows OS OS OS OS OS 2

OS OS 2.1.2 OS 3) OS OS 2 OS OS OS OS 1 1 10 100. 2.2 PC Personal Computer VDI Virtual Desktop Infrastructure Fig. 3 Fig. 3 VDI PC, 3

1 PC VDI 3 GPU CAD 3D CAD GPU VDI 3.1 GPU GPU CPU GPU CPU 100 GPGPU General Purpose Computing On Graphics Processing Unit 4) 3.2 GPU GPU GPU GPU CPU GPU GPU GPU CAD 3D PC GPU 3 API GPU GPU 3.2.1 API API GPU 5) Fig. 4 1 GPU API Application Programming Interface Citrix GPU CPU GPU CPU GPU 4

Fig. 4 API 3.2.2 GPU GPU GPU 6) Fig. 5 GPU GPU API Fig. 5 GPU VMware vdga 7) GPU API 3.2.3 GPU GPU GPU 6) Fig. 6 API GPU GPU API NVIDIA VGX 8) NVIDIA Kepler GPU VGX 5

Fig. 6 GPU VGX GPU 2 Per-VM Dedicated Channels GPU GPU GPU GPU GPU VGX GeForce GRID 9) Fig. 7 Fig. 7 GPU 100 ms VGX 10 ms CPU Fig. 7 9) VGX GPU 1 2 1 2 Kepler GPU Kepler GPU 6

4 GPU GPGPU GPU 3D CT CAD 3D 5 GPU 1)., 2005. 2),,.., 2008. 3). [ 1 ]., 1, 2011. 4),,,. Gpu 2 :goose ds-cuda, 2012. 5) Citrix. Xendesktop. http://www.citrix.co.jp/products/xendesktop/overview.html?link_id=pxd, 2013. 6) NVIDIA. Nvidia grid. http://www.nvidia.co.jp/object/virtual-gpus-jp.html, 2012. 7) NVIDIA. Vmware vdga. http://www.nvidia.co.jp/object/vdga-jp.html, 2013. 8) NVIDIA. Nvidia kepler. http://www.nvidia.co.jp/object/nvidia-kepler-jp.html, 2012. 9) NVIDIA. Cloud. http://www.nvidia.co.jp/object/cloud-gaming-benefits-jp.html, 2013. 7

33 2014 04 19 Bitcoin Izumi ISHIDA Kenichi TAKI Ayame MASADUMI Abstract Bitcoin P2P(Pear To Pear) 1 3 Bitcoin Bitcoin PC PC(Personal Computer) P2P 1) NBA(National Basketball Association) Bitcoin 2) ATM(Automated Teller Machine) Bitcoin ATM 3) Bitcoin 140 4) Bitcoin 2 Bitcoin Bitcoin 2008 P2P Bitcoin 2009 Bitcoin Bitcoin 2009 Fig. 1 3 Bitcoin 3.1 Bitcoin miner PC Bitcoin 50 8

175 150 ユーザー 数 ユーザー 数 [ 万 人 ] 125 100 75 50 25 0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 日 付 [ 年 ] Fig. 1 ( 4) ) mining Bitcoin Bitcoin mining 2100 Bitcoin 5) 2013 11 1200 Bitcoin 2140 100 5) Bitcoin mining mining Bitcoin Bitcoin 3.2 3.2.1 Bitcoin Bitcoin Fig. 2 1) 1 Bitcoin Bitcoin 2 Hash 3 Bitcoin Hash 3 4 5 6 Bitcoin Bitcoin 3 Fig. 2 4 PC Bitcoin Bitcoin 5 Bitcoin 5 9

Fig. 2 ( ) 3.2.2 Bitcoin 10 10 10 10 5) Fig. 3 1) 1 miner Hash nonce 2 Hash 3 Hash 4 Hash 5 Hash Bitcoin 6 Hash 7 nonce, 1 miner mining miner 2 Hash Hash Hash nonce Hash hash Hash 10

Fig. 3 ( ) Hash Hash nonce Hash nonce nonce Hash miner 3 Hash Hash Hash 4 Hash Hash Bitcoin Bitcoin 50Bitcoin miner 25Bitcoin mining Hash mining Bitcoin Bitcoin 3.2.3 Bitcoin miner Bitcoin mining Bitcoin Bitcoin Hash Hash 11

Hash Hash Hash Hash Bitcoin Hash Bitcoin 3.3 Bitcoin Bitcoin 2100 Bitcoin 10 Bitcoin Bitcoin 4 Bitcoin 4.1 Bitcoin Bitcoin 6) Bitcoin 4.2 2100 Bitcoin Bitcoin Bitcoin Bitcoin Bitcoin Bitcoin 4.3 Bitcoin Bitcoin 2100 Bitcoin 2014 2 Bitcoin Mt.GOX 270 2 7500 Bitcoin 7) 5 Mt.GOX Bitcoin Mt.GOX Bitcoin 12

Mt.GOX Bitcoin 8) Bitcoin Bitcoin Bitcoin 8) Bitcoin Bitcoin Bitcoin mining Ripple Bitcoin 8) 6 Bitcoin Bitcoin P2P Bitcoin 9) 1) Satoshi Nakamoto. Bitcoin:A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System. https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf. 2) THE WALL STREET JOURNAL. http://jp.wsj.com/article/sb10001424052702303996604579364232991867734. html. 3) THE WALL STREET JOURNAL. http://jp.wsj.com/article/sb10001424052702303919304579326122618947760. html. 4) BLOCKCHAIN. https://blockchain.info/ja/charts/my-wallet-n-users. 5). http://jp.reuters.com/news/technology/bitcoin. 6). https://www.komei.or.jp/news/detail/20140306_13434. 7). http://jp.reuters.com/article/jp_bitcoin/idjptyea3102520140402. 8).. http://jp.reuters.com/article/jp_bitcoin/idjptyea2d08x20140314. 9). http://www.nikkei.com/article/dgxnasgm2701q_q4a330c1ff8000/. 13

33 2014 04 19 Nachi TANAKA Kenya HANAWA Mao GOTO Abstract H.265 1 H.264 / MPEG-4 AVC H.264 H.265 / MPEG-H HEVC ( H.265) 2 2.1 ISO (International Organization for Standardization: ) IEC (International Electorotechnical Commissio: ) MPEG-1 4 (Moving Picture Experts Group) ITU-T (International Telecommunication Union-Telecommunication Standardization Sector: ) H.261 H.265 Table. 1 H.264 2003 10 H.264 2013 H.265 Table. 1 1990 H.261 ITU-T 1993 MPEG-1 ISO / IEC CD 1995 H.262 / MPEG-2 ISO / IEC / ITU-T DVD-Video Blu-ray 1996 H.263 ITU-T 1999 MPEG-4 ISO / IEC 2003 H.264 / MPEG-4 AVC ISO / IEC / ITU-T Blu-ray ipod PSP 2013 H.265 / MPEG-H HEVC ISO / IEC / ITU-T 14

2.2 3 20 200 Fig. 1 H.264 H.265 Fig. 1 H.264 H.265 1) H.264 H.265 1. H.264 MB Macro block H.265 CTU Coding Tree Unit CU Coding Unit TU Transform Unit PU Prediction Unit CU TU PU 2. DCT Discrete Cosine Transform. DCT. 2) 3. 1 H.264 8 H.265 33 3, 1) 4. 4) 5. 15

Table. 2 Table. 2 A 0.5 0 1 B 0.3 01 2 C 0.1 011 3 D 0.1 111 3 A B C D 00 01 10 11 2 2 Table. 2 (1) = 0.5 1 + 0.3 2 + 0.1 3 + 0.1 3 = 1.7 (1) 2 15 3 H.265 / HEVC (High Efficiency Video Coding) 3.1 H.265 ISO IEC ITU-T H.264/AVC CS 4 8 4K 8K 2013 1 H.265 H.265 H.264 2 H.265 64 64 32 32 8 4 4 8 4 4 H.265 5) 3.2 H.264 16 16 H.265 CTU 64 64 32 32 16 16 CTU CTU 4 3) Fig. 2(a) CTU 64 64 Fig. 2(b) 4 CU CTU CU CTU 4 0 3 64 64 32 32 16 16 8 8 CU PU TU PU TU PU TU PU 64 64 CU 8 8 16

(a) CTU (b) 4 Fig. 2 1) 3.3 H.265 H.265 2013 10 H.265 / HEVC 4K 4K 2014 7 2020 8K 4K 8K H.265 H.264 2 CPU 4 H.265 H.265 H.265 4K 8K 1),,,. hevc. NTT, p. 54, 2013. 2). Hevc ( ) (hevc (mpeg-h/itu-t h. 265) ). = The Journal of the Institute of Image Information and Television Engineers, Vol. 67, No. 7, pp. 533 536, 2013. 3). hevc. IEICE Fundametals Review, Vol. 7, No. 3, 2013. 4). ( ) (hevc (mpeg-h/itu-t h. 265) ). = The Journal of the Institute of Image Information and Television Engineers, Vol. 67, No. 7, pp. 537 540, 2013. 5),,. hevc ( ). Toshiba review, Vol. 68, No. 2, pp. 15 18, 2013. 17

33 2014 04 19 Akiho MURAKAMI Shogo OBUCHI Ayumi OMURA Abstract, 2013 1 1956 (Artificial Intelligence: AI), 1) 2011? 2 1950 2) 1 3 1. 2. 3. 18

3 1980, 3) 2016 2021 4) USB 4 3.1 Wikipedia 3.2 3.2.1 Wikipedia 5) T1 T2 Fig. 1 T1 T2 1185 1185 12 T1 T2 19

Fig. 1 ( 3) ) 3.2.2 6) 1. 2.. 1 2 1 2 5 7 3.3, Fig. 2 (quantifier elimination: QE) 7) ( ) ( ) QE Fig. 2 ( 7) ) 20

3.4 Fig. 3 Modelica 8) Fig. 3 ( 8) ) 3.5 2013 Table. 1 900 367 4 2 6 2 60 Table. 1 IA IIB 52 60 40 42 20 39 58 56 4 39 IT 21

5, 2016 2021 2013 1),.., Vol. 27, No. 5, pp. 463 469, 2012. 2). What s AI. http://www.ai-gakkai.or.jp/whatsai/. 3). Todai Robot Project. http://21robot.org/, 2013. 4).., Vol. 27, No. 5, pp. 459 462, 2012. 5),.., Vol. 27, No. 5, pp. 470 478, 2012. 6),,,,.. In The 27th Annual Conference of the Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence, pp. 483 491, 2013. 7),,.., Vol. 27, No. 5, pp. 483 491, 2012. 8),.., Vol. 27, No. 5, pp. 479 482, 2012. 22

33 2014 04 19 3 NAND Ryota TAMURA Kohei MISHIMA Shunsuke SEKIYA Abstract USB NAND 3 NAND BiCS BiCS 2014 3 NAND 1 NAND NAND 2 NAND 3 NAND 2 NAND NAND Semiconductor non-volatile memory Fig. 1 MROM Mask Read Only Memory PROM Programmable Read Only Memory UV-EPROM Ultra-Violet Programmable Read Only Memory EEPROM Electrically Erasable and Programmable Read Only Memory EEPROM Conventional EEPROM Flash EEPROM NOR NAND NAND NAND SAM 1) Fig. 1 23

3 2 NAND 3.1 2 NAND NAND 1987 NAND NAND SD USB WALKMAN HDD Hard disc drive SSD Solid state drive NAND 2 NAND 1990 1990 DSC 1. 15 NAND. NAND. NAND 2).. NAND 1, 2). 3.2 2 NAND 3.2.1 2 NAND NAND 2 3 MOSFET Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor 4 1) Fig. 2 NAND Fig. 2 1) Fig. 3(a) Fig. 3(b) 1.. 2 3 4 24

1V 5V 0 1 1) (a) 0 (b) 1 Fig. 3 1) 3.2.2 / NAND n Fowler-Nordheim Tunneling 5 FN Fowler Nordheim FN Fig. 4(a) FN Fig. 4(b) 1) (a) (b) Fig. 4 1) NAND 3.2.1 5 25

NAND 1 2.1k 1 64 135k, 1. 1 1 64 NAND 1 1, 2) 3.3 NAND SD 32G 64G NAND 3.3.1 Fig. 3 2 1 4 2 1) 3.3.2 10,,.,. SD,,., 19nm 1, 3) 3.4 2 NAND 2 NAND NAND 6 NAND 2, 4, 5) 3 NAND 4 3 NAND 4.1 3 NAND NAND 3 1. BiCS Bit-Cost Scalable Technology 2. TCAT Terabit Cell Array Transistor 3. VG-NAND Vertical Gate NAND 4. Simply-stacked NAND 5. 3D FG-NAND w/esc 3D Floating Gate-NAND with the Extended Sidewall Control Gate 6. DCSF NAND Dual Control-Gate with Surrounding Floating-Gate 6 1 26

BiCS BiCS 4.2 BiCS 4.2.1 BiCS BiCS Memory cell array Fig. 5 Fig. 5(a) Fig. 5(b) 7 RIE Reactive Ion Etching 8 5) (a) (b) (c) Fig. 5 BiCS 4) 4.2.2 BiCS BiCS 3 5) 4.3 BiCS 4.3.1 BiCS BiCS BiCS BiCS 4.2.1 NAND NAND string 9 2 NAND BiCS BiCS NAND BiCS 10 Fig. 6 BiCS 5) 4.3.2 BiCS 2 NAND 1 NAND string 1 2 NAND 2 NAND 7 8 9 10 27

(a) (b) 3 Fig. 6 BiCS 4) BiCS FN BiCS 11 GIDL Gate Induced Drain Leakage 12 Fig. 7 GIDL GIDL 2 NAND Fig. 8 GIDL 5, 6) Fig. 7 GIDL Fig. 8 BiCS 4) 11 12, 28

4.3.3 BiCS 4.3.1 BiCS BiCS 4 1. 2. 3. 4..1.3 BiCS.4 3, 5) 4.4 BiCS 4.4.1 p-bics 4.3.3 BiCS p-bics pipe-shaped BiCS p-bics p-bics BiCS p-bics NAND string NAND string NAND string 13 NAND string Fig. 9 Fig. 9 p-bics 3) p-bics 4.3.3.1.3 3, 4) 2 4.4.2 BiCS BiCS 4.3.3 CVD Chemical Vapor Deposition 14 15 13 MOS 14 15 29

Fig. 10 p-bics 4) Fig. 10 5 p-bics BiCS 2014 p-bics 1 p-bics 3 NAND SSD BiCS 1 32G 3.7G 1 1T 116.4G 2 NAND 1 128G 14.9G 3 NAND 7.8 6 2 NAND 30 NAND NAND BiCS p-bics NAND 1). Silicon movie nand. FED, No. 3, pp. 76 88, 2000. 2)., No. 9, pp. 2 6. 3). 3 bics., Vol. 64, No. 12, pp. 56 57, 2009. 4). 3 bics., Vol. 66, No. 9, 2011. 30

5),,. 3 nand., Vol. 63, No. 2, pp. 28 31, 2008. 6).. Design Wave Magazine, No. 1004, pp. 58 68, 2006. 31

33 2014 04 19 Satoru ITO Shogo OBUCHI Hideyuki MATSUURA Abstract 1 Information and Communication Technology: ICT ICT ICT ICT 2 1) Google IBM 4 4 2.0.1 IBM Central Processing Unit: CPU Power7 2010 8 4Ghz 1TB 2) (2001 ) 2 750MHz 1024MB 10 3) Power7 Power4 30 2.0.2 CPU 32

2.0.3 PC 2.0.4 PC 3 LiDAR 4) POSITION ESTIMATOR VIDEO CAMERA DISTANCE SENSOR GPS PC Google Fig. 1 Google PC Fig. 1 3.1 GPS PC Google Map GPS LiDAR LiDAR PC 3D LiDAR 3 1,333,000 LiDAR 33

120 2 3 1 DISTANCE SENSOR VIDEO CAMERA 3.2 PC 5) 4 IBM power750 IBM Power7 4 2880 IBM Content Analytics 3 Jeopardy! 6) 7) Fig. 2 4.1? 4.2 ( ) 4.3 4.4 5 10 50 90 90 34

Fig. 2 6 PC 1). http://www.argocorp.com/cam/special/velodyne/hdl-64e.html. 2) power7. http://www-06.ibm.com/jp/press/2010/02/0901.html, 2010. 3) Power4. http://www-06.ibm.com/jp/support/redbooks/aix_pseries/sg88850900.pdf# search= IBM+power+4, 2010. 4) HDL-64e. http://www.argocorp.com/cam/special/velodyne/hdl-64e.html, 2013. 5) Google 1GB Google. http://gigazine.net/news/20130502-google-self-driving-car/, 2013. 6) What Is Watson? http://www.ibm.com/smarterplanet/us/en/ibmwatson/, 2014. 7) :Watson. http://www-06.ibm.com/software/jp/data/events/iodc2011/handout2115/pdf/ iodc2011_2k-2.pdf#search, 2013. 35

33 2014 04 19 Software Defined Megumi MIYAJIMA Shunsuke OHTANI Yuji NISHIMURA Abstract Software Defined SD 1 IT Software Defined ( SD ) SD SDN (Software Defined Network) SDS (Software Defined Storage) SDR (Software Defined Radio) 2 Software Defined 2.1 Software Defined Network Fig. 1(a) SDN Fig. 1(b) SDN SDN 2.1.1 Open Flow Open Flow SDN Fig. 1(a) Open Flow ( ) Open Flow ( ) Open Flow Open Flow Open Flow 36

Fig. 2 Open Flow 1) (a) (b) SDN Fig. 1 SDN ( 2) ) Fig. 2 Open Flow ( 1) ) 2.2 Software Defined Storage SDS Fig. 3 SDS Fig. 3 37

Fig. 3 SDS ( 3) ) SDS VVAULT Fig. 4 VVAULT VVAULT 4) Fig. 4 VVAULT ( 5) ) 2.3 Software Defined Radio LAN LAN SDR SDR FPGA Fig. 5 FPGA FPGA AND OR FPGA FPGA FPGA FPGA SDR Fig. 5 FPGA Fig. 6 SDR Fig. 6 A/D SDR 38

Fig. 7 AM/FM TV ETC Fig. 7(a) Fig. 7(b) 1 6) Fig. 5 FPGA ( 7) ) アンテナ Ch1 OUT1 アンテナ Ch1 Ch2 アンテナ OUT OUT2 (a) (b) 1 Fig. 6 ( 8) ) (a) (b) Fig. 7 ) ( 9) 39

3 Software Defined Software Defined SDN 10) 4 IT Software Defined SD SD 1). open flow/sdn! http://businessnetwork.jp/portals/0/sp/1208_nec_pf/?prtext. 2) 5 open flow. http://www.atmarkit.co.jp/ait/articles/1112/12/news117.html. 3).. http://www.creationline.com/news/3664. 4) publickey. software defined storege http://www.publickey1.jp/blog/14/software-defined_storage.html,. 5) OREGA. Vvault-. http://vvault.jp/. 6). software defined radio-. http://jp.fujitsu.com/group/mtc/technology/course/g4/index_p5.html. 7). Fpga. http://special.nikkeibp.co.jp/ts/article/a0ab/107698/. 8).. https://www.oki.com/jp/home/jis/books/kenkai/n204/pdf/204_r20.pdf. 9). pc. http://www.itmedia.co.jp/mobile/0206/19/n_its.html. 10).., 5, 2011. 40

33 2014 04 19 Emiko SHIMOMURA Kenya HANAWA Tomoya YOSHIDA Abstract 1 2 2.1 2.2 MET s Metabolic equivalents 1[MET s] 3[MET s] Table. 1 Ex [MET s] T [s] 41

Table. 1 [MET s] 3 4 6 8 Fig. 1 1[Ex] e[ex] E[kcal] W [kg] (1) E[kcal] = 1.05 e[ex] W [kg] (1) 3 Fig. 1 3.1 MEMS(Microelectromechanical Systems) 1 MEMS MEMS 1 42

3.1.1 k m[kg] x[m] a[m/s 2 ] F [N] (2) F = ma (2) (3) F = kx (3) (2) (3) (4) a = kx m (4) Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Analog Devices 2 3 Fig. 2 1) 1) 3.2 3.2.1 2 3 20G 43

Fig. 3 1) MEMS 4 Fig. 4 m[kg] v[m/s] ω[m/s 2 ] F c [N] (5) F c = 2mvω (5) 3. 検 出 振 動 伝 達 2.コリオリ 振 動 (a) (b) Fig. 4 2) 3.2.2 Fig. 5 4 44

圧 力 半 導 体 ひずみゲージ ダイヤフラム 空 洞 部 Fig. 5 3) 5 6 Fig. 6(a) L[m] S[m 2 ] R[Ω] (6) R = ρ L S (6) L L+1 S S-s (a) 1 (b) 2 Fig. 6 Fig. 6(b) R [Ω] (7) (8) R = ρ L + 1 S s (7) R > R (8) 4 Fig. 7 Table. 2 3 Active style Pro 3 MY CALORY ViM 5 6 45

(a) Active style Pro (b) MY CALORY (c) ViM 4) 5) 6) Fig. 7 4) 5) 6) Table. 2 [mm] [g] Active style Pro 74 46 34 60 3 MY CALORY YAMASA 68 37 11 22 3 ViM MicroStone 71 64 57 113 5 MEMS 7 6 7 46

1) Tomoaki Tsuzuki. http://www.analog.com/static/imported-\ \files/jp/application_notes/anj-0005_jp.pdf. 2),,.. https://www.jae.co.jp/gihou/\\ gihou30/pdf/g_09.pdf. 3). MEMS. http://m.semi.jp/sfj13pr/files/ seminar/pdf/07_3.pdf. 4). HJA-350IT Active style Pro. http://www.healthcare. omron.co.jp/product/hja/hja-350it.html. 5) MicroStone. ViM. http://www.microstone.co.jp/product/sensor-\ \vim.html. 6) YAMASA. MY CALORY HIA-350IT Active style pro. http://www.yamasa-\ \tokei.co.jp/seihin/katsudouryoukei/mc_700.html. 47

33 2014 04 19 Makoto TAKENAKA Kenichi TAKI Toshihide SHIRAISHI Abstract 1980 MEMS IEEE802.15.6, IEEE802.15.6 1 1990 Central Processing Unit IT 2012 4 Google GoogleGlass Apple iwatch 2 Hands Free 1980 Global Positioning System (PC). Bluetooth GoogleGlass CT(Computed Tomography) 48

1) 3 CPU MEMS(Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) IEEE802.15.6 IEEE 802.15.6 4 IEEE 802.15.6 4.1 IEEE 802.15.6 IEEE802.15.6 IEEE 1 IEEE802 IEEE.IEEE LAN(Local Area Network) IEEE802 IEEE802.15.6 BAN(Body Area Network) BAN WAN(Wide Area Network) LAN PAN(Personal Area Network) BAN WAN LAN 100m PAN 10 20m BAN 2m IEEE802.15.6 2) 4.2 4.2.1 IEEE802.15.6 Table. 1 4.2.2 BAN Table. 1 7 6 5 1 Institute of Electrical and ElectronicsEngineers 49

1. 1 BAN 1 2. 2 1 (Poll 2 ) 3. 3 4.2.3 PHY PHY(Physical Layer) OSI BAN IEEE802.15.6 PHY PHY (NB: Narrow Band)PHY (UWB: Ultra Wide Band) PHY, (HBC: Human Body Communication)PHY Table. 2 5 5.1 Table. 2 PHY [MHz] [kbps] 400,800,900,2360,2400 75.9 971.4 PHY UWB 6000 10600,3100 4800 390 12600 PHY HBC PHY 21 164 1312.5 2 50

Fig. 1 3) Fig. 2 Fig. 1 Fig. 2 3 1 1.2V 3.7V 4) 2 3 5.2 GoogleGlass 570mAh 1800mAh 51

3 1 6 HandsFree HandsFree Google Glass 7 1980 MEMS IEEE Bluetooth GoogleGlass GoogleGlass 1) Appllio. http://appllio.com/20130901-4015-google-glass-in-live-surgery. 2). http://www.nmda.or.jp/keirin/h20houkoku/houkoku/h20bodyarea.pdf. 3). http://www.jpo.go.jp/shiryou/s sonota/map/denki15/1/1-5-2.htm. 4). http://www.uemura-mechatronics.com/technical-lipo.html. 52

33 2014 04 19 Jun NISHIDA Katsutoshi HAYASHINUMA Natsuko ONISHI Abstract 1960 30 1 1997 10 16,, 2 2.1 1965 1966 2.2 30 1967 cryoprecipitated plasma CPP 72 8 CPP 17 1) 12 1969 30 60 53

2.3 5 2) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 4 20 24 48 72 3 3.1 1. 2. 10, 3.2 Table. 1 2 Table. 1 54

3.3 Hydroxy Ethyl Starch(HES) 72 3) Table. 2 72 4 C16 C16 C16 C16 C16 C16 4) 5 5 2014 2 11 TransMedics OCS(Organ Care System) 5) OCS OCS OCS OCS 55

Fig. 1 OCS(TransMedics ) 6) 6 1960 OCS 1) 1. ]. http://www.medi-net.or.jp/tcnet/history/hstr_015.html. 2). uw(university of wisconsin)., Vol. 24, No. 2, 1999. 3). http://www.ekouhou.net/ /disp-a, 2010-239963.html. 4),. http://www.google.com/patents/wo2013133440a1?cl=ja. 5). http://tocana.jp/2014/02/pos. 6) Ocs lung now available in europe and australia. http://international.transmedics.com/wt/page/ocslungintro_med. 56

33 2014 04 19 Takuya YOSHIDA Katsutoshi HAYASHINUMA Atsuko HAYAKAWA Abstract, 1 (LASER) Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiiation 1960 1) T.H.Maiman 1980 1), L.Goldman 2. 2.1 Fig. 1 3. 1. 2. 3. 2 2 100 40 99 1 60 増 幅 器 レーザー 媒 体 励 起 源 出 力 ミラー 全 反 射 ミラー Fig. 1 ( 2) ) 57

2.2 Fig. 2 光 電 子 光 励 起 状 態 基 底 状 態 の 原 子 励 起 状 態 の 原 子 基 底 状 態 Fig. 2 ( 2) ) 2.3 Fig. 3,,,. 励 起 状 態 光 光 基 底 状 態 Fig. 3 ( 2) ) 2.4 Fig. 4, 1 2, 3 1. ( ) 2. ( ) 3. ( ) 光 光 光 光 励 起 状 態 基 底 状 態 Fig. 4 ( 2) ) 2.5 Fig. 5. 2.6, Nd:YAG(Yttrium,Aluminium,Garnet) 58

Fig. 5 ( 2) ) 2.6.1 Fig. 6,., 2,.. 10.6[µm] Fig. 6 ( 3) ) 2.6.2 Nd:YAG Nd:YAG YAG(Y 3 Al 5 O 12 ) Y Nd( ).,,. (1064 nm), 1064 nm. KTP KT iop O 4 2 ( 532 nm). 3. 1.,. 2.. 3.. 4.. 3.1, Nd:YAG.,, 59

. 4). 3.1.1, 1000,., 5). 3.1.2 Nd:Yag Nd:YAG,. 1064[nm] 532[nm].1064[nm],,.532[nm],, ( ). 3.2 PDT(photo dynamic therapy) 6) 3.3 4 femto, :f 10 15 1 1000 1 1000 1 YAG 7) 5 Nd:YAG. 1), http://www.lumenis.co.jp/laser/history.html. 2), http://www.marking.jp/tech/. 60

3). (nc). 4). CD X. 1987. 5).., 1, 1989. 6). (pdt). 7),. 61

33 2014 04 19 MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) Hayato TANAKA Kohei MISHIMA Mao GOTO Abstract MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) MEMS MEMS 1 MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems ) MEMS MEMS MEMS 2 MEMS MEMS IC (Integrated Circuit ) 1). RF (Radio Frequency ) MEMS 2.1 MEMS MEMS 2) MEMS IC IC MEMS IC MEMS Fig. 1 MEMS MEMS 62

Fig. 1 MEMS Fig. 2 2.2 MEMS MEMS IC 2) 2.2.1 MEMS Fig. 2 IC 2.2.2 MEMS 3 MEMS MEMS 63

Fig. 3 (Drug Delivery System:DDS) DDS DDS MEMS 3.1 8 MEMS 3 4 LED DDS Fig. 3 MEMS 3.2 MEMS DDS MEMS MEMS Fig. 4 MEMS 3) 4 MEMS MEMS. MEMS MEMS 64

Fig. 4 MEMS MEMS MEMS CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) CMOS IC CMOS MEMS MEMS 5 IC MEMS MEMS MEMS CMOS IC MEMS 1). MEMS., 2009. 2).., 2013. 3). MEMS 2013. http://techon.nikkeibp.co.jp/article/event/20130205/264203/. 65

33 2014 04 19 Chiyuki ITO Shunsuke OHTANI Nozomi MASHIMA Abstract 1 ( ) 45nm 2022 1) 2 2.1 (graphene) Fig. 1(a) sp2 (graphite) Fig. 1(b) 2) (a) (b) Fig. 1 ( 3) ) 66

2.2 2.2.1 100 2.2.2 2.2.3 100 1 4 2.3 3 Table. 1 100 Table. 1 2) [cm 2 /Vs] [nm] [µw/mk 2 ] 200,000 0.142 5,500 1,500 0.3 168 3 3.1 (LSI) Fig. 2 n p 67

4) Fig. 2 ( 4) ) 3.2,,, 25 75 97.5 3.3 ITO( ) ITO Fig. 3 5) Fig. 3 ( 5) ) 68

4 Fig. 4 CVD (CVD:chemical vapor deposition) 6) H2 CH4 グラフェンの 形 成 基 板 基 板 グラフェン 成 Fig. 4 CVD ( 6) ) 5 CVD 1) EE Times Japan. 7 7nm 5nm. http://eetimes.jp/ee/articles/1308/30/news051.html. 2)..,. 3).. http://www.spring8.or.jp/ja/news_publications/press_release/2008/080731/. 4).. http://www.aist.go.jp/aist_j/press_release/pr2012/pr20121211/pr20121211. html. 5) TOSHIBA.. 2012. 6).. http://www.jstshingi.jp/abst/p/12/1239/kyushu04.pdf. 69

33 2014 04 19 Takuya MORISHITA Takuma SATO Yuuki OHKUBO Abstract HAL Hybrid Assistive Limb HAL HAL 1 1) 2) QOL Quality of Life 2, 3, 4). HAL Hybrid Assistive Limb HAL 2 5) HAL 1, 6, 7) 1, 8) 70

Breleley Robotics and Human Engineering Laboratory BLEEX Berkeley Lower Extremity Exoskeleton 9) 3 Hybrid Assistive Limb HAL 10) HAL DC 11). HAL HAL HAL Fig. 1 HAL 6) 2 HAL HAL 10) 上 位 運 動 中 枢 系 表 筋 電 位 筋 サイバニック 随 意 制 御 トルク 仮 想 トルク 使 者 の アクチュエータ の 律 系 サイバニック 律 制 御 Fig. 1 ( 6) ) 3.1 HAL Fig. 2 71

Bioelectrical signal Amplifier Analog Filter + - Pre-Amp Gain 1000 + - Amp Gain 1-1000 High pass filter Cutoff freq.33hz Low pass filter Cutoff freq.500hz Toruqe HAL's computer Digital Filter Neural network Low pass filter Moving average Fig. 2 ( 11) ) 10µV 800µV 0 500Hz Fig. 3 800 600 Bioelectrical signal [ V] 400 200 0 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Time [s] Fig. 3 ( 11) ) 2 72

) 2 2 10 15mm 2 S/N 2 500Hz 20 30Hz 33Hz 3Hz HAL (1) = f(emg 1, EMG 2,..., EMG N, ) (1) (1) f EMG Electromyogram Fig. 4 θ EMG3 EMG2 τ Estimated toeque EMG1 linear function Sibmoid function Fig. 4 ( 11) ) HAL 3 HAL 73

Torque[Nm], HAL HAL HAL HAL 3, HAL human HAL HAL ˆ human G assist HAL (2) HAL = ˆ human G assist (2) HAL human + HAL Fig. 5 12) 腿 直 近 腿 頭 筋 内 側 広 筋 半 腱 様 筋 Fig. 5 ( 12) ) HAL Fig. 6 HAL Fig. 7 Fig. 7 HAL 11) 40 Estimate human torque 20 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Time[sec] Fig. 6 :HAL ( 11) ) 74

Torque[Nm] 40 Human and HAL torque Estimate human torque HAL output torque 20 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Time[sec] Fig. 7 :HAL ( 11) ) 3.2 HAL HAL HAL Fig. 8 From Power Supply To A/D Metalic Plate Strain Gauge Circuit Box for Converting Force to Voltage Fig. 8 ( 11) ) HAL HAL 13) HAL 6) Fig. 9 Fig. 9 W LR S S HAL S Fig. 9 14) Left-stance area Double-stance area Right-stance area WLR -1 -S 0 S 1 Fig. 9 ( 14) ) 75

4 HAL HAL 15) 14) HAL Fig. 10 HAL HAL Wearer's leg Fframe Fframe Shoe Stabilizer Force sensor Without the stabilizer With the stabilizer Fig. 10 HAL( 14) ) Fig. 11 HAL HAL HAL 5 Fig. 11 ( 14) ) 76

Bioelectrical signal [ V] Fig. 11 HAL HAL Fig. 11 HAL Fig. 11 Time[s]:2,6,10 Fig. 12 3 Envelope of the bioelectrical signal Base line Bioelectrical signal [ V] 2 1 0 240 260 280 300 3 Envelope of the bioelectrical signal Base line Bioelectrical signal [ V] 2 1 0 3 2 Envelope of the bioelectrical signal 1 0 266 268 270 272 274 Time [s] Fig. 12 ( 14) ) Fig. 12 1.5 2 0.5µV Fig. 13 HAL HAL 14) HAL 10) 77

4 Left Bioelectrical signal [ V] 2 threshold Right Bioelectrical signal [ V] 0 4 2 involuntary 0 1 Left/Right Load Ratio 0 right left S -S -1 Double-stance Assist Phase Left Right Swing Single-stance Single-stance Swing Fig. 13 ( 14) ) 5 HAL HAL 60 90 16) 6 HAL HAL 1),,.., Vol. 79, No. 806, pp. 3487 3500, 2013. 2),,,. HAL.. C, Vol. 76, No. 762, pp. 227 235, 2010. 3) 2. http://www.nedo.go.jp/content/ 100106936.pdf, 2006. 78

4),,. HAL (,, ).. C, Vol. 76, No. 772, pp. 3630 3639, 2010. 5)., 3, p. 768., 2011. 6),,,. 915 HAL-1 ( : ). : Ibaraki district conference, Vol. 2000, pp. 269 270, 2000. 7). https://www.tsukuba.ac.jp/news/20070611102240.html. 8). http://www. wakayama-u.ac.jp/~eyagi/roboticslab/. 9) Berkeley Robotics & Human Engineering Laboratory. http://bleex.me.berkeley. edu/. 10). HAL,., Vol. 60, pp. 130 137, 2011. 11). HAL-3. http://www.iit.tsukuba.ac.jp/wp-content/uploads/2002/ 01/Nakai_2001.pdf, 2002. 12) W. Kapit and L.M. Elson., 3, p. 69., 2003. 13). :., Vol. 27, No. 4, pp. 186 191, 2003. 14) T. HAYASHI, K. IWATSUKI, and Y. SANKAI. Intention estimation and walking assistance for severe paraplegic patients having difficulty in controlling neuromuscular activity. TRANSACTIONS OF THE JAPAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGI- NEERS Series C, Vol. 77, No. 774, pp. 439 449, 2011. 15).., Vol. 8, pp. 1 11, 2010. 16) CYBERDYNE. http://www.cyberdyne.jp/products/lowerlimb_nonmedical.html. 79