Preparation of Functional Nonwoven Fabric KAMIKO Utilizing Wasted Tea Leaves Tetsuya Takahashi 1, Wakako Kasai 2, and Tetsuo Kondo 2 1 Faculty of Education, Shimane University, 1060, Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan 2 Bio-Architecture Center, Kyushu University, 6-10-1, Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan Abstract : Various fiber materials were mixed with wasted tea leaves to attempt the preparation of new KAMIKO materials. When konjac pastes was applied to the surface of compounded papers using hemp and wasted tea leaves, the paper properties increased in tensile index, bursting index, and stiffness. On the other hand, konjac pastes application was found to increase the air permeance of the papers. Konjac pastes application was also found to extend time required for the papers to absorb water droplets, showing a decrease in water absorbency. Furthermore, when the papers were sewed on a machine, konjac pastes application was found to improve seam strength of the papers by about 20 N. Moreover, the papers with konjac pastes applied were tested for deodorization effect using ammonia gas. The result showed that the papers containing even a small amount, 10wt%, of wasted tea leaves exhibited an excellent deodorization effect and that konjac pastes application affected the effect very little. The results presented above showed that the use of hemp greatly improved mechanical properties of compounded papers using wasted tea leaves, whereas konjac pastes application also effectively improved the papers in seam strength. (Received 20 January, 2009 ; Accepted 9 April, 2009) 1 1,2 3 4 5-7 5-7 Camellia sinensis 550ml N-720 2.2dtex 5mm 110
Table 1 Composition of compounded papers containing wasted tea leaves. PL01 1.7dtex 5mm 5-7 550ml 100 PMC WS4024 4 400g 70 30 MKZA6 40µm 1,800rpm 30kg/h 8 1 10 2.1.3 PU-401 JIS-P8209 100g/m 2 25cm 25cm 410kPa 120 JIS-P8209 9 100±2g/m 2 0.75wt% 2 Ca OH 2 Table 2 Components of konjac powder. 8 0.5wt% Ca OH 2 0.02% 1.5wt % Ca OH 2 0.06% 2 No.1 1 1 % = B A/A 100 A: B: 24 E-1010 S-3000N 5-7 15 kv 200 JIS-P8113
15.0±0.1mm 250±1mm 180±1.0mm 2 20mm/min JIS-8131 100mm 100mm JIS-P8143 30mm Fig. 1 Test method for seam strength. 80mm 2 90 3 100 JIS-P8117 300ml φ28.6±0.1mm 642mm 2 50 50mm 100ml JIS-L1096 A 7mm 23±2 100μl 0.1 25mm 110mm 2 3090 10mm 1.5mm 300mm/min 76mm 1 10 60 100% 78dtex 3 4.67 g/dtex 4.9% 9.23g/dtex 5.0% 3.46g/dtex 4.3% 28.0 30.0% 400ml 500ml 2.0ml 20 60 2ppm 5 1±0.0001g 60±2ppm 500ml/min 3.0
Fig. 2 Scanning electron micrographs of papers for different coating states of konjac pastes ( 200). 10 30 1 3 6 24 100 1.5wt% 0.5wt% 4 70wt% 15.2N m/g 70wt% 60.8N m/g 100wt% 40wt% 60wt% 1.5wt% 2 100wt% 40wt% 60wt% 2 0.5wt% 1.5wt% 3 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Relationship between deposition rate of konjac pastes and hemp content for different concentrations of konjac paste solutions. Relationship between tensile index and hemp contents for different concentrations of konjac paste (Binder content : 0.75wt%).
0.5 0.6N m/g 0.9 2.3N m/g 30wt% 10wt% 60wt% 3 90wt% 10wt% 2 5 60wt% 3 53.9N m/g 5 a 60wt% 3 12.0N m/g 5 b 60wt% 28.0N m/g 90wt% 10wt% 2 3 Fig. 6 Relatonship between mechanical properties and hemp contents for different concentrations of konjac paste solutions. (a) Bursting index (b) Stiffness Fig. 5 Tensile index of ternary compounded papers containing hemp (30wt%) and wasted tea leaves (10wt%). (a) Dry condition (b) Wet condition 6 2 2 7 2
1.5wt% 2 8 a 8 b 1 8 a Fig. 7 Relatonship between performances and hemp contents for different concentrations of konjac paste solutions. (a) Air permeance (b) Water absorbenc Fig. 8 Performances of compounded papers versus deposition rate of konjac pastes for different hemp contents. (a) Air permeance (b) Water absorbency 8 b 40wt% 60wt% 1.5wt% 0.75wt% 9 100wt% 16N 3 100wt%
Fig. 9 Relationship between seam strength and hemp contents for different coating states of konjac pastes (Binder content : 0.75wt%). Fig. 10 Relationship between seam strength and deposition rate of konjac pastes for compounded hemp papers containing 10wt% of wasted tea leaves (Binder content : 0.75wt%). 90wt% 10wt% 2 10 25N 25mm 1.5mm 25mm 16 17 234dtex 78dtex 3 9.23g/dtex 1 21.2N 16 17 340 370N 11 90wt% 10wt% 2 0.5wt% 1.5wt% 10wt% 30wt% 60wt% 3 1.5wt% 100wt% 100wt% 60±1ppm 100wt% 24 14.9 % 100wt% 100wt% 24 9.1 % 10wt% 90wt% 3 0.6 % 3 0.6% 0.5wt% 0.9% 1.5wt% 1.1% 100wt% 100wt% 10wt% 30wt% 60wt % 3 1.5wt% 60wt%
Fig. 11 Deodorization of compounded papers containing 10wt% of wasted tea leaves for different concentrations of konjac paste solutions (Binder content : 0.75wt%). Initial ammonia gas concentration is 60±2ppm. 2 3 4 10wt % 1 1. I. Hirai, T. Gunji, Sen i Seihin Shohi Kagaku, 40, 197-199 (1999). 2. M. Kiyota, Ifuku Gakkaizasshi, 21, 15-19 (1977). 3. M. Kiyota, Ifuku Gakkaizasshi, 21, 27-30 (1977). 4. M. Maki, Sen i Gakkaishi, 51, 340-344 (1995). 5. T. Takahashi, T. Kondo, W. Kasai, H. Yokota, T. Kunitake, Sen i Gakkaishi, 63, 256-263 (2007). 6. T. Takahashi, W. Kasai, T. Kondo, H. Yokota, T. Kunitake, Sen i Gakkaishi, 64, 252-258 (2008). 7. T. Takahashi, W. Kasai, T. Kondo, H. Yokota, T. Kunitake, Sen i Gakkaishi, 64, 358-365 (2008). 8. Y. Masuda, Plant and Process, 9, 47-50 (2005). 9. Japanese Standards Association, JIS P-8209.