2012 10 29 Summary Money has a long history who walked along with human one evolving himself through. Recently, digital cash such IC cards as Edy, suica, nanaco and so on, prevails here and there. They are called plastic money sometimes. Furthermore, virtual currencys which are available and effective only on internet so far, but whose represent Linden dollar and some gaming money, become convertible to hard currencys such as American dollars via RMT (Real Money Trading). We survey those non-legal moneys and discuss their redeemability and seigniorage. Virtual money Virtual economy Virtual world Virtual goods Virtual so and so Web Web Web 145
1. 1996 2010 19441971 1971 2010 IC Web Lehdonvirta 2011 Moriyama 2006 1997 1999 2009 IC Web Web 20072008 Web 146
L$ Web web 2. 90 20071997 MONDEX e-cash 90 2000 issuer acquirer VISA MASTER Credit card PayPal Bitcoin web PayPal Bitcoin Web 3. 2000200220042002 LETS 147
1830 Robert Owen 1930 LETS LETS 2 10 1 3,000160 PICSY SECSY PICSY picsypropagation Investment Currency System CPU PICSY A B B C C A SECSY Settlement Currency System PICSY SECSY PICSY SECSY 4.Virtual currency MMORPG 2009 MMORPG massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Game 148
MMORPG web web 2003 20072007 11922 webjstaff 2012 You Tube SNS Linden Lab L$ 1 $ 270 L$ L$ 0.35 PayPal L$ MIZUHO mizuho 2007 2007 CUI 90 Mosaic Web 3D 3 Second Life 3D CPU JTB NEC Web PayPal Bitcoin RMT L$ 3D 149
RMT real money trading MMORPG Real Money Trading RMT RMT RMT RMT RMT 1990 MORPG MMORPG RMT 1999 7 RMT RMT2004 4 RMT HP 2008 RMT 150RMT RMT RMT 1 2 3 2007 RMT MMORGPG 2007 RMT 150
BOT BOT BOT BOT RMT BOT BOT BOT BOT RMT PK Player Killer BOT RMT BOT BOT RMT 151
100 300 RMT BOT BOT 2008 152
BOT RMT 1999 1999 2008 2006 monetary seigniorage 1 opportunity cost seigniorage 2 GDP k Web 3 Web 153
3D web 2007 Web Web RMT 1 1 19 2 7 1971 2011 2011 2012 154
15 1 1944 7 2 1944 1 3601971 1 35 1971 8 2009 12 1 1,200 numerical currency 1971 2010 2012 PICSY-SECSY 2006 Web L$ Web L$ 3D 155
5. BOT RMT MMORPG RMT 2011 RMT RMT web 1 monetary seigniorage 2 opportunity cost seigniorage Felica Mifare 2010 4 Web Bitcoin PayPal LETS PICSY- SECSY *1 *1 PICSY RMT MMORPG QQ *1 2004/823 RMT RMT 156
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2002/9 6 1 DJ2010 pp. 267 273. Web webj http://webjstaff.slmame.com/c919.html RMThttp://rmtnavi.info/history.html @nifty http://business.nifty.com/articles/topic/100629/ RMT I T pro, http://itpro.nikkeibp.co.jp/article/column/20060907/247473/ RMT http://internet.watch.impress. co.jp/cda/special/2007/07/18/163 73.html PayPal: https://www.paypal.jp/jp/contents/start/how-to Bitcoin: http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/bitcoin http://mainichi.jp/feature/news/20120905org00m010043000c.html http://www.picsy.org/ MIZUHO 2007 5 24 http://www.mizuhocbk.co.jp/industory/sangyou/pdf/mif_57.pdf 25 2009 12 29 158