Size: px
Start display at page:

Download ""

Transcription

1 The Institute for Economic Studies Seijo University , Seijo, Setagaya Tokyo , Japan

2

3 The Institute for Economic Studies Green Paper No. 59 Consumers Decision on the Choice of Small Payment Instruments Empirical Research based on the original panel survey data Masao Nakata September 2012 Abstract In recent years, electric small payment instruments have become widespread. By conducting sample surveys among the same consumers in 2009 and 2010, we show how much and in which range a new small payment tool (electronic money) encroaches the territory of the existing instruments like cash.

4

5

6 (2008) IC IC Edy SuicaJR ICOCAJR PASMO nanacowaon id QUICPay, Visa Touch IC

7 Edy

8 WAON Suica nimocakitacajr SUGOCAJR EdySuicaPasmoICOCA Suica PASMO nanaco WAON

9 Edy nanacowaon

10 JR suica PASMO

11

12 Two-sided Market Platform Shy and Tarkka (2002), Wright (2003), M Chirugi (2006), Guthrie and Wright (2007), Choudhary and Tyagi (2009) Two-Sided Market Hayashi and Klee (2003), Borzekowski, Kiser and Ahmed (2008), Scholnick et al. (2008), Ching and Hayashi (2010) Humphrey and Berger Rysman (2007) Two-Sided Market

13 (1990) (1999) (1999) (2005) (2009) (2009) (2010) IC

14

15

16 IC IC IC

17 IC

18 IC QUICPay id

19 nimoca JR SUGOCA IC nimoca nimocasugoca Suica EdynanacoWAON Suica Pasmo

20 NTT goo

21

22

23

24

25 Nimoca SUGOCA

26 Edy WAON Nanaco Nimoca id (NTT DOCOMo) SuicaJR QUICPay (JCB) SUGOCAJR Nimoca Edy WAON Nanaco SUGOCAJR SuicaJR id (NTT DOCOMo)

27

28

29

30

31

32

33 VAR (2009)

34 Two-sided market Twosided market Amromin, G and S. Chakravorti (2009), Whither Loose Change? The Diminishing Demand for Small-Denomination Currency, Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Vol. 41, No. 2-3, pp Borzekowski, R., K. K. Elizabeth, A. Shaista (2008), Consumers Use of Debit Cards: Patterns, Preferences, and Price Response, Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Vol. 40, No. 1, pp Ching, A. T. and F. Hayashi (2010), Payment Card Rewards Programs and Consumer Payment Choice, Journal of Banking & Finance, vol. 34, pp Choudhary, V. and R. K. Tyagi (2009), Economic incentives to adopt electronic payment schemes under competition, Decision Support Systems, Vol. 46, pp Gutherie, G. and J. Wright (2007), Competing Payment Schemes, Journal of Industrial Economies, Vol. 55, No. 1, pp Hayashi, F. and Klee, E. (2003), Technology Adoption and Consumer Payments: Evidence from Survey data, Review of Network Economics, Vol. 2, pp Humphrey, D. and A. Berger (1990), Market Failure and Resource Use: Economic Incentives to Use Different Payment Instruments, in D. Humphrey, ed., The U.S. Payment System: Efficiency, Risk and the Role of the Federal Reserve., Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp M Chirgui, M. (2006), A Model for the Use of The Electronic Purse, Applied Economics Letters, Vol. 13, pp Rochet, J. and J. Tirole (2002), Cooperation Among Competitors: Some Economics of Payment Card Associations, RAND Journal of Economics, vol. 33, pp Scholnick, B., Massoud, N., Saunders, A., Carbo-Valverde, S. and Rodríguez-Fernández, F. (2008), The economics of credit cards, debit cards and ATMs: a survey and some new evidence, Journal of Banking and Finance, Vol. 32, pp Shy, O. and J. Tarkka (2002), The Market for Electronic Cash Cards, Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, vol. 34, No. 2, pp Wright, J. (2003), Optimal Card Payment Systems, European Economic Review, vol. 47, pp

35 Zinman, J. (2009), Debit or credit?, Journal of Banking & Finance, vol. 33, pp (1999)IMES Discussion Paper Series No. 99-J-16 (2005) (34) (2009) (2007) PRI Discussion Paper Series 07A-19 (2009)Vol. 4, No. 1, April 2009 (2010) (2011)BOJ Reports & Research Papers

36

37

中田真佐男 323‐352/323‐352

中田真佐男 323‐352/323‐352 IT FinTech Finance Technology e SNS (AI) (2013) (2015) ATM IC EMV VISA MasterJCB VISA Master (Union Pay) VISA Master JCB J-Debit J-Debit VISA IC Alipay QR POS nanaco WAON EdyJR Suica PASMO au Master au

More information

橡motonishi.PDF

橡motonishi.PDF 2000 3 ITME Discussion Paper No.26 850-8506 4-2-1 [email protected] 1 1 MRF 1 (2000) 2 MRF 2 Schreft (1997) 3 2 Tobin (1985) Friedman (1992) 3 3 4 5 3 4 5 2 White (1984) 1 4 (1996) (1999) (1999)

More information

IMES DISCUSSION PAPER SERIES Discussion Paper No. 99-J-16 INSTITUTE FOR MONETARY AND ECONOMIC STUDIES BANK OF JAPAN 100-8630 203 IMES Discussion Paper Series 99-J-16 1999 5 * ** *** JEL classification:

More information

NRI 4500 4500 2 4,500 1 4500 1 1 9 2005 1 29,161,100 145,806 3 2 3 10 8,736,663 87,367 2 99,938,239 74,954 5 10 3 5 7,944,577 47,667 4,085,836 30,644

NRI 4500 4500 2 4,500 1 4500 1 1 9 2005 1 29,161,100 145,806 3 2 3 10 8,736,663 87,367 2 99,938,239 74,954 5 10 3 5 7,944,577 47,667 4,085,836 30,644 No.8, 113-124 (2007) The Present and the Future of Mileage Points in Business Currencies YASUOKA Hiromichi Nihon University, Graduate School of Social and Cultural Stadies Mileage points and electronic

More information

電子マネー・システムにおけるセキュリティ対策:リスク管理に焦点を当てて

電子マネー・システムにおけるセキュリティ対策:リスク管理に焦点を当てて 1999 IC IC 2008 2 5 10 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] //2008.8 39 1. 1990 2007 1 IC 1 1 20072006 2007 1 Edy Edy IC 2007 2 22 IC PASMO IC 2008

More information

Attendance Demand for J-League õ Shinsuke KAWAI* and Takeo HIRATA* Abstract The purpose of this study was to clarify the variables determining the attendance in J-league matches, using the 2,699 J-league

More information

,.,,.,. NIRA,.,.,,, GDP.,., 1%, 2.0% 3).,,.,,., 1, 4).,,.,, GDP,.,,.,,,.,,., 2002.,,., 3), Q&A Q16 (http://www.stat.go.jp/data/kakei/qa-1.ht

,.,,.,. NIRA,.,.,,, GDP.,., 1%, 2.0% 3).,,.,,., 1, 4).,,.,, GDP,.,,.,,,.,,., 2002.,,., 3), Q&A Q16 (http://www.stat.go.jp/data/kakei/qa-1.ht 1, 1, 2011 4 3-28,,.,,.,.,,.,,.,,.,.,. 1., 1), 1946.,, GDP,.,,,.,,., (2008) ( NIRA ), 23,.,,, 2).,,,.,,.,,., 657-8501 2-1, E-mail: [email protected] 1) 1. 2), 1990 2 21, 1993 6 12. 3 1 1 2011

More information

電子マネーと通信産業の戦略

電子マネーと通信産業の戦略 No.7, 55-65 (2006) Vision of Electronic Money Card Distribution Plans in Japan - Discussion of the and Credit Card Distribution Plans - OSHIMA Kazuchika Nihon University, Graduate School of Social and

More information

BB 報告書完成版_修正版)040415.doc

BB 報告書完成版_修正版)040415.doc 3 4 5 8 KW Q = AK α W β q = a + α k + βw q = log Q, k = log K, w = logw i P ij v ij P ij = exp( vij ), J exp( v ) k= 1 ik v i j = X β αp + γnu j j j j X j j p j j NU j j NU j (

More information

, 3, 1999, 4,,

, 3, 1999, 4,, 1, 1992 2005,,, 10 2,, 1992 1998 1,,, 1998 2002 2,, 3,,, 2002, 2002 3 1 2 1 , 3, 1999, 4,, 3 14 11 2 I, 10,, 1992 2005, 2,, 3, 4,, II,, 1992 1998 1,, 1998 2002 2 2002 3 II-1: 1 1993 1998 90,, 1995 6850,,

More information

第一次大戦後の日本における国債流通市場の制度改革

第一次大戦後の日本における国債流通市場の制度改革 IMES DISCUSSION PAPER SERIES Discussion Paper No. 2009-J-23 INSTITUTE FOR MONETARY AND ECONOMIC STUDIES BANK OF JAPAN 103-8660 2-1-1 http://www.imes.boj.or.jp IMES Discussion Paper Series 2009-J-23 2009

More information

1 1 1 [2000]

1 1 1 [2000] * 2000 7 26 1 1 1 [2000] 1 2 1 2 2 1 B to C 250000 億円 200000 日本米国 213,200 150000 100000 50000 0 153,600 106,900 71,100 66,620 42,700 43,860 22,500 26,940 15,340 645 3,360 7,730 1998 年 1999 年 2000 年 2001

More information

GDPギャップと潜在成長率

GDPギャップと潜在成長率 2003 output gap 80 1 20 90 20 70 2 1 2 output gap potential output 1 2 (2001) 3 potential rate of growth 2000 Meyer (2000) European Central Bank: (1999b) 2002 10 4 3 (2000) 4 4 () 5 5 5 6 () () 7 Total

More information

OECD Benartzi and Thaler Brown et al. Mottla and Utkus Rooiji et al. Atkinson et al. MacFarland et al. Elton et al. Tang et al. Benartzi and Thaler Br

OECD Benartzi and Thaler Brown et al. Mottla and Utkus Rooiji et al. Atkinson et al. MacFarland et al. Elton et al. Tang et al. Benartzi and Thaler Br IFRS. OECD Benartzi and Thaler Brown et al. Mottla and Utkus Rooiji et al. Atkinson et al. MacFarland et al. Elton et al. Tang et al. Benartzi and Thaler Brown et al. /n Benartzi and Thaler n /n Benartzi

More information

An Empirical Study of the Securities Firms' Dilemma on Financial Innovation through Diffusion of Internet Deals Yasugi Satoshi Bower, J. L., 1999, Disruptive technologies: Catching the wave,

More information

時間割引:双曲割引と弱加法性

時間割引:双曲割引と弱加法性 Discussion aper No. 666 June 2006 The Institute of Social and Economic Research Osaka University 6-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan Time Discounting: Declining Impatience and Interval Effect

More information

<332D985F95B62D8FAC93638BA795DB90E690B62E706466>

<332D985F95B62D8FAC93638BA795DB90E690B62E706466> No.50 pp.5568, 2014 Komazawa Journal of Geography Geography of Religion in Postwar Japan (2) ODA Masayasu 1 10 200211 1219972006 Keywords: geography of religion, Bibliography of Geography, Islam, sacred

More information

表紙_目次.PDF

表紙_目次.PDF JIL 2 1980 vol.3 15 3 1 3 15 18 IT 26 28 33 20 OECD 80 90 (1998) (2000) 2 Aghion et al. (1999) OECD 1970 1 2 70 1980 90 1.1 Kuznets U inverted U-shaped hypothesis GNP U 1 18901940 6 3 Kuznets(1955) (1963)

More information

村本 孜71‐89/71‐89

村本 孜71‐89/71‐89 MERITUM RICARDIS OECD https://www.jicpa knk.ne.jp/download/image/index.html EU (intellectual capital rating) BCP OECD IR ex.) ex.) ex.) ex.) http://www.meti.go.jp/policy/intellectual_assets/index.htm (intellectual

More information

ISSN ISBN C3033 The Institute for Economic Studies Seijo University , Seijo, Setagaya Tokyo , Japan

ISSN ISBN C3033 The Institute for Economic Studies Seijo University , Seijo, Setagaya Tokyo , Japan ISSN 2187 4182 ISBN 978 4 907635 09 1 C3033 The Institute for Economic Studies Seijo University 6 1 20, Seijo, Setagaya Tokyo 157-8511, Japan ISSN 2187 4182 ISBN 978 4 907635 09 1 C3033 The Institute

More information

........,.,.,..,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,., International Capital Market Litan et al a b c d M&A a a b E- e- Litan et al. : Table Levine World Bank Levine Greenwald et al. B R F R r R R r B R r B R r B R R Stiglitz

More information

アジアの資本移動の変化に関するクラスター分析 アジア域内の証券投資活性化に向けて

アジアの資本移動の変化に関するクラスター分析 アジア域内の証券投資活性化に向けて * ** 199 1 1996-97 relation * ** Seoul conference China and Emerging Asia: Reorganizing the Global Economy? held by KIEP and Seoul National University 26 5 11-12 Hugh Patrick Yung-Chul Park 26 9 9-1 East

More information

untitled

untitled A3P21014 1 1 1 1 2 1 3 2 2 1 2 2 3 1 3 2 1 3 2 3 2 SET Secure Electronic Transaction IC IC 3 JR Suica() Edy IC IC 1cm IC IC IC IC 1 1 IC IC IC IC JR Suica Edy BitCash 4 IC IC Suica ICOCA 1 IC IC 2 IC 2mm

More information

bottleneckjapanese.dvi

bottleneckjapanese.dvi 1 M&A Keywords:,. Address: 742-1, Higashinakano, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo 192-09,Japan fax:+81 426 74 425 E-mail: [email protected] ; [email protected] 1 Yang and Kawashima(2008) 1 2 ( MVI

More information

AMR日本語版書式

AMR日本語版書式 ISSN 1347-4448 ISSN 1348-5504 7 3 (2008 3 ) 2008 1 10 1 Edy E-mail: [email protected] 2001 Edy Edy Edy 1 2008 1 10 GBRC GBRC 2008 Global Business Research Center www.gbrc.jp 151 2008 1 10 1. 1 1

More information

取引法の観点からみた資金決済に関する諸問題

取引法の観点からみた資金決済に関する諸問題 1 / /2010.1 105 1. 1 1 1 2008 5 2 2008 10 3 1 4 2007 8 1 2008 32 2 2008 5 12 2009 1 2009 2009 3 6 2008 12 2008 3 1842 32 4 2006 10 2009 4 2009 http://www.shojihomu.or.jp/saikenhou/indexja.html 2005 11

More information

株式保有構成と企業価値 ─コーポレート・ガバナンスに関する一考察─

株式保有構成と企業価値 ─コーポレート・ガバナンスに関する一考察─ q E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] OECD Vives Tirole Shleifer and Vishny q %% %% % % Allen and Gale %% % Admati, Pfreiderer and Zechner Burkart, Gromb and Panunzi Cremer 1995Pagno

More information

1970). Baumol, W. J., Panzar, J. C. and R. D. Willig (1982); Contestable Markets and The Theory of Industry Structure, 1982. Caves, R. and M. E. Porter (1977); From entry barriers to mobility barriers:

More information

PDFŠpŒ{ٶ

PDFŠpŒ{ٶ Shinkin Central Bank Monthly Review 2003.12 hinkin Central Bank Monthly Review 200312 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Community Banker 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

More information

山田正雄ゼミナール 

山田正雄ゼミナール  2008 2008 0530029 0 2008 ICT 20 CD CM 2006 3 0.4% 12 1 2008 2 2008 1 1 4 1.1 4 1.1.1 4 1.1.2 4 1.2 6 1.3 7 2 9 2.1 9 2.2 12 2.2.1 13 2.2.2 14 3 16 3.1 16 3.2 17 3.3 18 3.4 18 4 21 4.1 21 4.2 22 24 URL

More information

untitled

untitled Trade and Trade Finance in the 200809 Financial Crisis, IMF Working Paper WP/11/16., Understanding the Great Trade Collapse of 200809 and the Subsequent Trade Recovery, Economic Perspectives, 2Q/2011.

More information

M&A の経済分析:M&A はなぜ増加したのか

M&A の経済分析:M&A はなぜ増加したのか RIETI Discussion Paper Series 06-J-034 RIETI Discussion Paper Series 06-J-034 M&A の経済分析 :M&A はなぜ増加したのか 蟻川靖浩 宮島英昭 ( 早稲田大学 RIETI) 2006 年 4 月 要旨 1990 年代以降の M&A の急増の主要な要因は 産業や企業の成長性や収益性へのショックである とりわけ M&A を活発に行っている産業あるいは企業の特性としては

More information

...v..&.{..&....

...v..&.{..&.... 8 pp.- 2006 * h ** *** An empirical analysis on the efficiency of the M&A among the non-financial companies based on DEA Hidetoshi KOKUBO*, Koichi MIYAZAKI**, Tomohiko TAKAHASHI*** Abstract Using DEA (Data

More information

IMES DISCUSSION PAPER SERIES Discussion Paper No. 99-J-17 INSTITUTE FOR MONETARY AND ECONOMIC STUDIES BANK OF JAPAN 100-8630 203 IMES Discussion Paper Series 99-J-17 1999 6 * JEL classification E52 E58

More information

OSIPP41_p1_2.eps

OSIPP41_p1_2.eps 2007 年 冬 号 No.41 1 2 3 4 Peace Culture Review of Economic Design Journal of Labor Economics Hitotsubashi Journal of Economics Japan and the World Economy Daily Yomiuri Working Paper Series, Center for

More information

首都直下地震における地方財政への影響

首都直下地震における地方財政への影響 ESRI Discussion Paper Series No.241 首都直下地震における地方財政への影響 宮崎毅 August 2010 内閣府経済社会総合研究所 Economic and Social Research Institute Cabinet Office Tokyo, Japan ESRI ディスカッション ペーパー シリーズは 内閣府経済社会総合研究所の研究者および外部研究者によって行われた研究成果をとりまとめたものです

More information

産業・企業レベルデータで見た日本の経済成長.pdf

産業・企業レベルデータで見た日本の経済成長.pdf 2003 11 10 IT IT JIP JCER ) 2003 CD-ROM http://www.esri.go.jp/jp/archive/bun/bun170/170index. html 1 JIP Jorgenson, Mun, andstiroh (2002) GDP 2 3 1951 1954 1957 1960 1963 1966 1969 1972 1975 1978 1981

More information

Brennan, G. and Lomasky, L., Democracy and Decision : The Pure Theory of Electoral Preference, Cambridge: Cambridge U. P., 1993. Campbell, A., Converse, P. E., Miller W. E., and Stokes, D. E., Elections

More information

z.prn(Gray)

z.prn(Gray) 1. 90 2 1 1 2 Friedman[1983] Friedman ( ) Dockner[1992] closed-loop Theorem 2 Theorem 4 Dockner ( ) 31 40 2010 Kinoshita, Suzuki and Kaiser [2002] () 1) 2) () VAR 32 () Mueller[1986], Mueller ed. [1990]

More information

39-3/2.論説:藤井・戸前・山本・井上

39-3/2.論説:藤井・戸前・山本・井上 Porter a b!! a b JIS cm cm OEM OEM OEM OEM OEM OEM OEM OEM OEM OEM OEM OEM OEM OEM OEM OEM NTT OEM OEM OEM OEM OEM OEM OEM OEM OEM a b VolNo Porter, M. E. (1990a) The Competitive Advantage of Nations

More information

2 122

2 122 32 2008 pp. 121 133 1 Received November 4, 2008 The aim of this paper is to clarify some profound changes in the language used in the visual media, especially in TV news programs in Japan, and show what

More information

WeinerWright 2005 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Australia 1996 2000 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Canada 1995 1999 2003 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30

WeinerWright 2005 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Australia 1996 2000 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Canada 1995 1999 2003 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 1) WeinerWright 2005 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Australia 1996 2000 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Canada 1995 1999 2003 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Denmark 1994 1998 2003 Garcia Swartz Humphrey

More information

「リストラ中高年」の行方

「リストラ中高年」の行方 ESRI Discussion Paper Series No.10 by February 2002 Economic and Social Research Institute Cabinet Office Tokyo, Japan 1 ESRI 2 ABSTRACT * In this paper, based on the Employment Trend Survey in 2000 and

More information

,, 2024 2024 Web ,, ID ID. ID. ID. ID. must ID. ID. . ... BETWEENNo., - ESPNo. Works Impact of the Recruitment System of New Graduates as Temporary Staff on Transition from College to Work Naoyuki

More information

1991 1991 FAX e-mail 1999.12. 1 1999.12. 31 042-783-2305 4342 194-0298 F 042-783-2311 79 98.11 A4.39 97.11 21 A5.90 97. A5.286 98. 21 A5.197 99.10 A5.276 99.10 B5.22 99.10 B5.24 99. B40.170 99. A5.174

More information

60 Vol. 44 No. 1 2 準市場 化の制度的枠組み: 英国 教育改革法 1988 の例 Education Reform Act a School Performance Tables LEA 4 LEA LEA 3

60 Vol. 44 No. 1 2 準市場 化の制度的枠組み: 英国 教育改革法 1988 の例 Education Reform Act a School Performance Tables LEA 4 LEA LEA 3 Summer 08 59 I はじめに quasi market II III IV V 1 II 教育サービスにおける 準市場 1 教育サービスにおける 準市場 の意義 Education Reform Act 1988 1980 Local Education Authorities LEA Le Grand 1991 Glennerster 1991 3 1 2 3 2 60 Vol. 44

More information

日本の高齢者世帯の貯蓄行動に関する実証分析

日本の高齢者世帯の貯蓄行動に関する実証分析 196 2017 * ** ** 1 2 3 JEL Classification Codes D14, D15, E21 Keywords * 28 Hyun- Hoon Lee Robert Owen Kwanho Shin ** 29 196 An Empirical Analysis of the Saving Behavior of Elderly Households in Japan

More information

ワークショップ「国際財務報告基準(IFRS)と企業行動:IFRSアドプションのインパクト」の模様

ワークショップ「国際財務報告基準(IFRS)と企業行動:IFRSアドプションのインパクト」の模様 IMES DISCUSSION PAPER SERIES IFRS IFRS Discussion Paper No. 2010-J-25 INSTITUTE FOR MONETARY AND ECONOMIC STUDIES BANK OF JAPAN 103-8660 2-1-1 http://www.imes.boj.or.jp IMES Discussion Paper Series 2010-J-25

More information

RIETI Highlight VOL.25

RIETI Highlight VOL.25 RIETI Highlight 2009 SUMMER 25 VOL. Research Digest RIETI 2009 SUMMER VOL. 25 Highlight 1 2 3 5 8 10 12 13 14 19 ResearchDigest 20 24 28 32 36 38 40 41 42 44 45 RIETI Topics 01 CONTENTS 02 RIETI Highlight

More information

橡同居選択における所得の影響(DP原稿).PDF

橡同居選択における所得の影響(DP原稿).PDF ** *** * 2000 13 ** *** (1) (2) (1986) - 1 - - 2 - (1986) Ohtake (1991) (1993) (1994) (1996) (1997) (1997) Hayashi (1997) (1999) 60 Ohtake (1991) 86 (1996) 89 (1997) 92 (1999) 95 (1993) 86 89 74 79 (1986)

More information

国際流動性に関する財政的側面について

国際流動性に関する財政的側面について IMF SDR IMF 2011 6 1 2 2011 E-mail: [email protected] / /2011.10 35 1. 2007 2009 2 Goodhart [1999] 2010 11 2. 4 1970 IMF 1960 36 /2011.10 international reserve 1 D 35 1 D 35 1960 Eichengreen [2011]

More information

デフレ不況下の金融政策をめぐる政治過程

デフレ不況下の金融政策をめぐる政治過程 1991 2003 GDP....................................... http://www.stat.go.jp/ http://www.boj.or.jp/ GDP http://www.esri.cao.go.jp/ GDP - - - inflation targeting Krugman a IS-LM liquidity trap Krugman b Krugman

More information

2 / 24

2 / 24 2017 11 9 1 / 24 2 / 24 Solow, 1957 total factor productivity; TFP 5% 経済成長率の要因分解 4% 3% 2.68% 2.51% 2% 1% 0% 1.63% 1.50% 0.34% 0.42% 0.55% 0.97% 1.14% 0.86% 0.13% -0.59% -0.59% -0.09% 0.01% -1% 1970-80

More information