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&&$%) 95,&$%) 95 9$%) 95 3 HUFHQWW FKDQJHH LQ SHULSKHUDOO UHVLVWDQFHH 3(0, (;(5&,6( 0&$ 95 5HVW 7,0( ( VHF Fig. III.2.2.1-1 Percent changes in vascular resistance in common carotid artery (CCABF-VR), internal carotid artery (ICABF-VR), middle cerebral artery (MCA-VR) and vertebral artery (VABF-VR) during rest, static handgrip exercise, and postexercise muscles ischemia (PEMI). For the calculation of MCA-VR, mean flow velocity was used instead of volume blood flow. Resting vascular resistance was defined as 100%, and shadow area indicates exercise period in the figure. 後筋虚血 PEMI を行った 平均動脈血圧 MAP 脈経路と椎骨動脈経路の血流動態が異なることを示 Finapress 指動脈圧波形計測 および心拍数 HR していた 頸動脈経路では 血圧上昇に対して血管 ECG 法 により測定した 総頸動脈 CCA 内頸動 収縮作用により血流を制限するが 椎骨動脈では血 脈 ICA および椎骨動脈 VA における血流量 管収縮作用が少なく血流の流入を許す経路という特 BF を また中大脳動脈 MCA では平均血流速度 徴がみられた このような経路の相違をもたらす仕 を超音波ドップラー法 Logic 3 Vivid 7 により計 組みは 運動時に活性化する脳細胞代謝に起因する 測した 各動脈の血管抵抗を平均血圧と BF MCA は のか 両経路の脳血管の自動調節能の相違なのか 平均血流速度 の比として算出した あるいは圧反射などの神経調節活動の関与の相違な のかは明らかではない Querido and Sheel 2007 結果および考察 HR および MAP は 運動後半にかけて著しく上昇 文 献 Helleström G, Fischer-Colbrie W, Wahlgren NG, Jogestrand T : Carotid artery blood flow and middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity during physical exercise. J Appl Physiol, 81: 413-418, 1996. Jørgensen LG, Nowak M, Ide K, Secher NH : Cerebral blood flow and metabolism. In : Eercise and Circulation in Health and Disease. Edited by Saltin B, Bouchel R, Secher NH, Mitchell JH, pp. 113-123, 1999. Pott F, Ray CA, Olesen HL, Ide K, Secher NH : Middle cerebral artery blood velocity,arterial diameter and muscle sympathetic nerve activity during post-exercise muscle ischeamia. Acta Physiol Scand, 160: 43-47, 1997. Querido JS, Sheel AW : Regulation of cerebral blood flow during exercise. Sports Med, 37: 765-782, 2007. した そして PEMI 時には HR は安静値に戻るが MAP は安静値より高い値を示した 頸動脈経路にお ける BF は 運動開始早期に増加するが その後は一 定値で維持された そして PEMI 時には安静値まで戻 った 一方 椎骨動脈経路における BF は 静的運動 開始から終了まで漸増した また PEMI 時においても 安静値よりも高い値を維持した このため血管抵抗 が Fig. III.2.2.1-1 頸動脈経路では静的運動時の 値が安静値から約 50 も上昇したが 椎骨動脈経路 では約 10 程度の上昇にすぎなかった PEMI 時で は 頸動脈経路の値は安静値に比べ有意に高いが 椎骨動脈経路ではほぼ安静値またはそれ以下の値を 示した このような結果は 運動負荷に対する頸動 59

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Fig. III.5.2-2 Eight measurement points (channels, Ch) over the frontal lobe. S: source; D: detector. 5.3 Test of a 8-channel time-resolved imager (Politecnico, Milan, Italy) The key limitation of NIRS-CW is the coupling resolution (200 ms) and a fast image reconstruc- between the absorption and the scattering coeffi- tion/data analysis. The instrument was used for cient causing the lack of quantitative assessment. monitoring spatial changes in calf oxygen satura- The simultaneous estimation of both absorption tion (SO2) during dynamic plantar flexion exercise and scattering can be achieved by NIRS-time (Torricelli et al. 2004). The same system was uti- resolved (NIRS-TR) systems, which deliver ultra- lized to investigate the bilateral PFC oxygenation short laser pulses into tissue and record the time responses to a letter-fluency task (Quaresima et al. distribution of diffusive photons. In the past, for 2005). The cross-subject mean values of PFC SO2 both technological and financial constraints, were 68.8 ± 3.2% (right) and 71.0 ± 3.6% (left), NIRS-TR systems have grown on a complex labo- and of thb were 69.6 ± 9.6 μ M (right) and 69.5 ± ratory scale, yet, in recent times, they have 9.9 μ M (left). The typical cortical activation evolved towards compact and portable instru- response to the cognitive task was observed at ments. Up to now, such systems have not been each measurement point. O2Hb is the most sensi- commercially available either on the market or at tive indicator of increases in cerebral blood flow the research and laboratory stage. (neurovascular coupling) and the direction of the In collaboration with Politecnico of Milan changes in HHb is determined by the oxygenation (Italy), a compact eight-channel NIRS-TR system and volume of the venous blood. was developed for the non-invasive measurement The same system was used to monitor the optical of tissue oxygen saturation and total hemoglobin response following a motor task (finger opposition, volume (thb). The system has a high temporal 3 Hz) (Contini et al. 2006). The Fig. III.5.3-1 (left 85

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