4,5
ビデオ ( イエローマジックオーケストラ, Perfume) 音と聴覚 ( メディア工学基礎 ) 加算合成 (max/msp デモ ) 減算合成 (max/msp デモ ) < 参考 > デジタル合成音 サンプリング 加算合成 変調合成 物理モデル合成とフォルマント合成 波形 図式合成
" 1957 Murray Hill (Max V. Mathews " " IBM704 "
" Music Mathews 2011 4 In a Silver Scale (1957 )
" Music 1958 IBM 7094 16
" DAC "
1. 2.
OSC " " "
" ADSR
"
" " " "
" Max/msp
" CH DAC (sfplay)
" IC " ( " "
"
" 1. osc 2. 3. 4. 8 " 8 15 15 8 120
48000 44100 = 25 5 3 7 2 ( ) = 4 3 4 7 10 7 44,100Hz~176,400Hz 176,400Hz~58,800Hz 58,800Hz~235,200Hz 235,200Hz~33,600Hz 33,600Hz~336,000Hz 補間 (4 倍 ) 間引き (1/3) 補間 (4 倍 ) 間引き (1/7) 補間 (10 倍 ) 336,000Hz~48,000Hz 間引き (1/7)
3 700Hz 1200Hz 2900Hz 450Hz 1750Hz 2750Hz 300Hz 2700Hz 460Hz 880Hz 2800Hz 390Hz 1200Hz 2500Hz
1. 2. 3.
" (amplitude) (frequency) " Hz "
" ( ) C(t) " ( ) M(t) " Ampmod(t) Ampmod = C(t) M(t) キャリア信号 変調波 モジュレータ信号
" 1 " a) AM
" " AmpMod=A(c) cos(c)+(i A(c))/2 cos(c+m)+(i A(c))/2 cos(c-m) AmpMod A(c) C I M
" 20 MHz FM " 1973 Chowing( " 1975 1980 GS1 $16,000 1983 DX7 $20,000
FM FM
" FM C : M 800 600 1000 C:800Hz, M:200Hz =
" FM I I D : I = D / M
" C M FM(t)=A sin(ct+[i sin(mt)]) A : Ct : 2π C Mt : 2π M I :
1 Jn(I) " 1 " I
" FM 2 FM FM " ( "
FM 1 " Parallel MMFM " (Series)MMFM
" FM " FM
" 1969 Jean-Claude Risset( ) " " [-1 +1] distortion box
α
-1 1
-1 1
" " The Theory of Sound Rayleigh 1894 Olson 1967) Kelly and Lochbaum 1962) Lejaren 1967 etc) Karplus-Strong synthesis (1983)
" " (density) (elastic) " (wave propagation)
" (longitudinal wave) (b)->(c) " (transverse wave) (d)->(e) " Mass
" (a) (b)
" (c)
" " " 弦 管楽器の一般的なウェーブガイドモデル
" Bridge
" " (plucked string) output Modifier Modifier 変換 繰り返し波形テーブル
" (drumlike timbre) 繰り返し遅延列 擬似乱数発生器 平均化 ブレンドファクタ
"
"
" - 6dB - db
" CHANT FOF CHANT
" (R.Michel, 1925) " (McLaren and Lewis, 1948) " (Douglas, 1973) " (Mathews and Rosler, 1969)
" Iannis Xenakis " " " 1. 2. 3. 4.
Iannis Xenakis Mycenae- Alpha (1980) ( 縦軸は周波数 横軸は時間を表す ) 個々の線はアークと呼ばれ 個別に移動 伸縮 複製などが可能である 複雑な楽曲構成を容易に指定する事ができる
UPIC UPIC UPIC 64 4000
MIDI MIDI (multiple harmonics) ( ) MIDI
" Xenakis (dynamic stochastic) 1. (Poisson,,,, ) 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.