筑波大学大学院博士課程

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3 . [] 3 [] [3-] 3

4 . [-] [5] [3] 5kHz [8] 3.6Hz

5 Fig. - 5

6 . Fig. - Tpe C3/YAMAHA 88 (A~F#) G A# 3 B~C8 (Fig. -) Sound Hammer Damper String Soundboard Bridge Keboard Fig. - Fig. - 6

7 Fig. -3. Fig. -4 4V 5V -5V.4 mm.4 mm.4 mm.6% 7

8 Eletromagnet Hammer Keboard Fig

9 3 3. LED (TLRH8P/Toshiba) (f 7.7mm, 4.mm, AJ455G/Edmund) S/N Fig. 3- LED LED 45 4 x- 9

10 Photo transistor Lens U Piano string x Ux LED Fig. 3- AD/DA

11 Fig. 3- Fig. 3- x - P(Ux,U ) Vx V A Ux' AV U' AV r x' θ tan x,. ' ', x', (3-) (3-)

12 x x- P ). 45 sin( ), 45 os( θ θ r U r Ux (3-3) () () (3) ). ( ), ( x x V V A U V V A Ux (3-4) ). ( ), ( x x V V A U V V A Ux (3-5) ). ( ), ( x x V V A U V V A Ux (3-6) ). ( ), ( x x V V A U V V A Ux (3-7)

13 3. Fig mm (3-) A A.4387 mm/v Output (V) Displaement (mm) Fig E 4.Hz Fig..6 Fig..7 z637 mm Fig..6. x - Fig..6. (3-4) 3

14 Fig

15 Fig

17 4 4. Fig. 4- x mm mm z mm E 4.Hz z3 mm z45 77 mm mm 7 5kHz 4. 4(m/s) Fig. 4- (a) (b) z77 mm [] L.47 (m) L (m/s). (4-) Fig

18 Bridge Optial Probe Wound String z Hammer x Agraffe Fig. 4-8

19 .8 z3 U (mm) z Time (ms) 93.8 Fig. 4- z3, 77 (mm) 9

20 75 z (mm) Time (s) Fig. 4-3

21 4.3 3 E 4.Hz 5kHz z45~77 mm m z63 mm Fig. 4-4 z63 mm Fig. 4-5 FFT z63 mm 75 mm 8 z478 mm z47 mm Fig Fig

22 Fig. 4-4 z63 mm

23 Vertial Relative Amplitude(dB) Horizontal Frequen (Hz) Fig. 4-5 z63 mm 3

24 Vertial Relative Amplitude (db) Horizontal Frequen (Hz) Fig. 4-6 z47 mm 4

25 5 5. Fig. 5- Fig. 4-4 Fig. 4-4 (UxAC,UAC) (UxDC, UDC) (Ux,U) [4] (Ux,U) (UxDC,UDC) (UxAC,UAC) (5-) 5. Fig. 5- FFT (Fig. 5-3) 5

26 Fig. 5- z77 mm 6

27 . Ux DC (mm) U DC (mm) Time (s) Fig. 5- z77 mm 7

28 - Relative Amplitude of Ux DC (db) Relative Amplitude of (db) U DC Frequen (Hz) Fig. 5-3 z77 mm 8

29 .6 Hz Fig. 5-. Hz [5] x(i) G(k) G(k) kmax ( ) G( k max) > G( k max ) r G( k max) (5-) f k G( k max) r r max (5-) ( ) G( k max) < G( k max ) s G( k max ) (5-3) f k G( k max) s s max (5-4).66 Hz 9

30 .4 Displaement of Ux DC (mm) Displaement of U DC (mm) Time (s) Fig

31 Hz Hz Fig Fig. 5-4 Fig. 5-5 x-.5 Fig

32 ..-.(s).5.-.(s) (s) (s) Vertial Vibration (mm) -.4 x x x (s) x (s) x -3 x -3 5 x (s) x -5 x (s) x x x x Horizontal Vibration (mm) Fig. 5-5 x- 3

33 Fig. 5-5 Fig. 5-6,Fig. 5-7 Fig. 5-7 Fig. 5-6 z638 mm z59 mm z57 mm Fig

34 Displaement of Vertial U DC ( m) 5 Horizontal Position in z axis(mm) Time(s) Fig

35 Displaement of UDC ( m) Vertial Horizontal Position in z axis (mm) Time (s) Fig

36 Fig mm 7.5 mm z57 59 mm 75 mm % 46.5 % z mm Fig. 5-8 Fig. 5-9 Fig. 5-9 Fig m.66 Hz 36

37 m/s 4 m/s [] E F F Fig. 5- z (mm) Fig. 5- z mm Fig. 5- z 588 mm z 588 mm 37

38 .8 Ux (mm) U (mm) Time (s) Fig. 5- E F 38

39 U (mm) z583 z584 z585 z586 z587 z588 z589 z Time (s) Fig. 5-39

40 t z v t u v Y u z A v u v t u z (6-) (6-) - [6] Y t Y z Yi Y Yi, Yi, Yi, Y h Y τ, i, Y i, i, i,, i, λ τ h τ Yi A h Y (6-3) (6-4) (6-5) 4

41 } ) ( ) {(,,, i i i Y A E A Y E Y λ λ (6-6) ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (,,,,,,,,, i i i i i i i i i u u v v u u v v Y λ λ (6-7).) sin(5 ) (, z z ).,.4 (.4) (. < < z z z (6-8) 3 3 ) ( ) ( ) ( < < z l l z l l z (,) (,) (,) (,) v v (6-9) t t l t t l t t l t t l v v v v,,,,,,,. 3 3 (6-) ) (, ) (, t t v z t u (6-) 4

42 ,, h u u z u u u,, (6-) (6-7) ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (,,,,,,,,, i u u v v u u v v Y λ λ (6-3) v v,, (6-4) u v u,,, λ (6-5) (6-6) N N N N N N N u v u v v u u,,,,,,, λ (6-7) (6-8) i i i i i i i i v v,,,,,,,, ) ( τ τ (6-9) L, (6-) 4

43 , (6-) l l,,, (6-) l,,, (6-3) l l, 3 3, 3 3, 3 (6-4) l, 3 3, 3, 3 3 (6-5) 6- (6-) (6-) z t T S ρ z S T t ρ (6-6) t f T x v t v x f σ (6-7) 43

44 f T / x σ ρs (6-7) Table 6- i x e x e C t i L t (6-8) (6-8) 3 Fig. 6- Eh sin(t) t Eh S Table 6- Mehanial Sstem v f r / T Eletrial Sstem Mobilit Analog e i G L Impedane Analog i e R C S U E h L L L 3 C C C 3 Fig Fig. 6- z 77 mm 44

45 .6 U (mm) Time (s).6 U (mm) Time (s) Fig. 6- z 77 mm. 45

46 6.3 Fig U (mm) Time (s) Fig

47 6.4 47

48 mm

49 5 3 49

50 [] Flether, "The Phsis of musial instruments, Springer-Verlag(998) [], YAMAHA: FM, [3] D.W. Martin: Dea rates of piano tones, J. Aoust. So. Am., 9, pp (947). [4] H. Flether, E.D. Blakham and R. Stratton: Qualit of piano tones, J. Aoust. So. Am., 34, pp (96) [5] I. Nakamura: Fundamental theor and omputer simulation of dea harateristis of piano sound, J. Aousti. So. Jpn. (E),, pp (989). [6] :,, MA93-, pp.5- (993) [7],,, :,, LST6-6, pp.45-5 () [8],, :,, MA-9, pp.-6 () [9],, : (3) [] () [],, : (3) [],,, :, 3 I, -7-, pp.87-88, (3.3) [3] H.Flether, E.D.Blakham and R.Stratton: Qualit of piano tones, J. Aoust. So. Am. 34, pp (96) [4],, : (4) [5], : FFT,, A Vol. J7-A No.5 pp (987) [6] : (998) 5

51 ,, :,, MA5-4, pp9-3 (5) 5

空気の屈折率変調を光学的に検出する超指向性マイクロホン

空気の屈折率変調を光学的に検出する超指向性マイクロホン 23 2 1M36268 2 2 4 5 6 7 8 13 15 2 21 2 23 2 2 3 32 34 38 38 54 57 62 63 1-1 ( 1) ( 2) 1-1 a ( sinθ ) 2J D ( θ ) = 1 (1-1) kaka sinθ ( 3) 1-2 1 Back face hole Amplifier Diaphragm Equiphase wave surface