55 2014 1950 2012 12 22
1977 Abegglen, J. C. OECD, 1958 The Japanese Factory 1 10 1973 Management and Worker 1974 2 OECD 1973 1 Abegglen, J. C. (1958), The Japanese Factory 1958 1982 165 194 2 Abegglen, J. C. (1972), Management and Worker 1974 20
3 1977 4 OECD 1995 5 1973 1978 1992 3 OECD (Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development) (1972), Reviews of Manpower and Social Policies, Manpower Policy in Japan. 4 OECD (1977), The Development of Industrial Relations System : Some Implications of Japanese experience. 5 1995
1955 1940 1940 1995
1992
6 7 6 1984 NHK 7
1936 50 8 1936 1939 9 1939 1940 10 1980 111 8 1991 167 169 9 10 1993 166
1939 1943 7 8 11 1960 11 166 168
1973 1970 12 1973 1978 1,000 46 49 20 64 10 19 20 19.3 13 12 2006 177 13 1980 167
1985 40 50 50
10 1970 ME
7 8 9 10 11 12 13 7 8 9 1981 104 10 11 12 13 14 14
1987 629 78.9 36.0
27.8 15 1945 20 12 509 38 1946 21 2,000 368 1948 23 4,000 667 1949 24 4,688 665 1949 55.8 1980 27 1948 15 1987 25
16 17 1955 30 18 16 1982 200 201 17 1981 256 18 203
19 1976 1,000 37 20 21 19 203 20 203 21 Takahashi,Yoshiaki (1990), Human Resource Management in Japan, in : Pipper, Ruediger ed., Human Resource Management ; An International Comparison, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin/ New York 1990, p. 221, Takahashi Yoshiaki, The Structure of the Enterprise Union and the Present Situation of
O M Mechanical (M type) Organization M Type : Job demarcation related to Individuals Work-unit 1 111111 7 individual jobs for 7 persons Board Department Head Section Head 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 Section Section 7 Group-jobs each caried out by 7 group members Organic (O type) Organization O type : Job demarcation related to groups Board Department Head Section Head Yoshiaki Takahashi, Transfer of Management Systems and Culture in the Age of Globalization, in : W. Dorow, T. Parra and Y. Takahashi (ed.). Liz Mohn A Culture Forum, The Impact of Globalization on Cultural Identity in Business, Bertelsmann Foundation, Gütersloh, 2002. Labour Participation in Japan, in ; Dorow, Wolfgang, ed., The Business Corporation in the Democratic Society, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin/New York 1987, p. 325.
OECD 1953 28 53 23 22 23 22 1979 334 23 327
1958 24 10 10 25 24 16 25 17 18
1950 25 a b c d e
1990 1948 26 26 102 103
1970 1951 27 27 108 110
1920 AMA Business and Administration 28 28 A. The Visible Hand : The Managerial Revolution in American Business Hand Book of Business Administration general management CEO
The Visible Hand Hand Book of Business Administration 1951 1975 GNP CCS 1949 CCS 1949 Civil Commu- 2012 8 32 2013 235 236
GNP 100 60 GNP 73 75 40 69 70 65 60 20 64 61 62 10 57 8 54 6 54 6 GNE 2 180 GNE 140 1 100 68 68 80 64 0.6 60 60 58 53 40 49 50 CC 56 S 58 52 54 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 1951 53 55 57 59 61 63 65 67 69 71 73 75 51 1978 51 68 175 12 2012 95
nication Section 24 11 26 50 29 CCS 1951 30 14 31 1951 1952 1,089 1959 1974 32 15 29 102 108 28 30 30 Hopper, K., (1982), Creating Japan s new industrial management : The Americans as teacher in : Human Resource Management, Vol. 21, Issue 2 3, Summer 1982, pp. 13 34 CCS Vol. 29 No. 338 1983 10 4 27. 31 1952 CCS Sarasohn, H. M., and Protzman, C. A., The Fundamentals Industrial Management- CCS Management Course, 1988 37
1982 1981 12 942 5,100 32 CCS 1950 executive directors 1952 1951 33 1952 32 10 33 1952
34 1958 419 96 22 1963 100 75 1963 156 34 1961 273 293
1953 1964 1955 1972 1951 1951 35 1953 35 1951 1953
36 50 1956 37 1960 56 38 36 1953 1964 20 10 66 87 37 1956 1964 94 38 1960 1964
28 1920 1970 CCS 1950 W. A. Shewhart 1926 1954 QC TQC JIT 1987 ISO ISO9000 1993 ISO9001 QC TQC
1945 GHQ
39 10 11 100 1949 10 100 1 2 4 4.5 10 39 2005 43 44
1950 1955 10 1965 1955 GNP 17 10 1965 40
40 41 40 1996 184 185 1998 113 152 41 185 187 1980 poison pill 185 187
42 10 1980 1978 42 223 224
168 168 4,700 4,700 31,600 20 80 80 43 25 30 45 50 44 1980 1955 43 1978 167 169 44 1980 1985 65 1995 1995 65 93
1995 64 7,000 18 45 1950 70 46 45 2005 D. 244 47 1984 83 46 1998 41 1997 53
1952 1952 47 1953 400 60 60 57 60 1964 43 47 1952 2001 24 2001
60 40 48 49 50 1957 48 2001 49 50
51 402 51
405 406 1936 1939 1940 1939 1943 1940 1955 1973
1960 1950 1960 1960 1950 1960 GDP
GDP 2006/10 SK 600 25 500 400 15.6, 9.9 15.2, 9.5 16.3, 4.2 7, 3.6 4.9, 3.4 1.5, 1.4 10.8, 6.8 14.1, 8.5 10.8, 4.2 5.5, 3.6 503 GDP 430 494 496 491 490 498 20 15 300 240 320 10 200 148 5 100 8 0 16 33 73 0 5 55 5657.6 59 6061.D 58.6 66 6768 63 64.0 65.0 62.0 71.D 69 70.7 74 75.3 76 7778 72 73.N 84 85.6 79 80.2 81 8283.2 87 8889 86.N 94 9596 90 91.4 92 93.0 2K.N 98 99.1 97.5 01 02.1 03 0405 2000 07 1995 93SNA 57
1955 1973 10 1978 1992 1992 GDP 503 2005 GDP 500 10 20 450 1992 7,000 8,000 2004 7,000 8,000 2013 1992 GDP 500 60 40 1973 1975 1990 1,070 1,000 1970 1980
5,000 4,500 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 5,534 4,463 1,071 0 1961 65 70 75 80 85 90 92 4,000 3,000 3,399 2,000 1,000 2,331 1,068 0 1961 65 70 75 80 85 90 92 4,000 3,000 2,000 4,221 4,002 219 1,000 0 1961 65 70 75 80 85 90 92 1985 NHK 154 1985 1992 NHK 154
1965 D EU EU 1 2
2 1 52 1970 1973 270 1978 1973 1970 1980 1985 240 1985 52 1995 36 3 4
80 0 0 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 75 76 78 79 81 83 84 86 88 89 91 92 93 94 77 E N E AF C E U T A T 10 100 V 82 87 90 74 80 85 1995 149 400 360.00 70 350 60 296.55 300 50 271.70 249.08 238.54 250 40 210.44 200 30 150 20 128.15 111.20 102.21 100 10 50 1994 IMF IFS C 1985 240 1985 12,417
8,000 7,000 6,000 16,000 14,000 12,000 5,000 10,000 4,000 3,000 8,000 6,000 2,000 1,000 4,000 2,000 0 0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2003 76 5,574 2007 12,084 11,786 2012 9,354 14,160 53 53 2012 2012 68
GDP 1973 1973 0.95 10 54 1947 1955 1961 65 1.4 71 75 1.6 1972 6,000 74 77 55 1975 3.7 9.8 2.5 54 1985 212 213 215 55 A. 1990
1956 1974 1956 1960 1965 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 A 4,195 7,730 20,881 21,150 18,472 21,012 23,261 27,400 27,284 27,062 1,559 4,876 9,010 10,074 10,709 11,005 11,433 11,720 12,196 12,330 453 401 5,661 4,523 5,558 9,736 10,583 9,472 9,655 4,235 B 2,012 5,277 14,671 14,597 16,267 20,741 22,016 21,192 21,851 16,565 1985 212 213 0.48 0.68 0.70 0.69 0.88 0.99 0.95 0.77 0.80 0.61
10 1947 1975 1974 55 1956 60 1961 65 1966 70 1971 75 9.9 13.8 17.0 31.2 34.5 6.2 7.4 10.5 16.6 26.7 4.4 9.8 13.6 22.0 30.3 10.6 17.2 24.1 38.6 57.0 0.7 3.4 7.1 7.4 22.5 1.07 1.25 1.42 1.24 1.65 0.8 2.5 3.5 5.7 11.8 0.6 1.6 2.8 8.8 FTC, Quarterly Financial Report for Manufacturing Corporations. Surver of Current Business FTC, Current Trends in Merger Activity 215 0.73 0.51 Calpers
1971 2000 100 200 300 2013 12 300 1,200 1,300 NTT 100 300 100 300 1992 10 20
GDP 500 1997 56 1997 1978 1970 1980 13 20 2006 UFJ 56 1998 1998
1996 2001 1,200 57 57 Wikipedeia
58 2001 58 2013 37
1998 14. 2011 4.1 59 1998 15 2008 26 59 42 48 49
2006 2004 10 60 60 68
4 5 1995 203 61 2002 2005 29 30 31 32.6 35 61 1995
432 1975 1971 2000 2003 2004
2006 2008 2007 23 62 M&A M&A 20 62
63 50 63 2008 M&A 49 3 4 296 297
1996 3,800 2010 3,450 1996 1,000 2010 1,800 25 34 1996 17 2010 26 1993 2000 20 NEET no employee of education and training 200 1996 800 2010 1,100 1996 18 2009 24 2010 23 1996 442 2010 380 1996 28 2010 45 2006 2007 55 64 64
65 R R R 13 11 AS SO SS SM ES 65 1997 11 24 88 1997 16 30 1999 12 16 2003 11 2003 11 26 2003 11 29
11 MV MV MV SM SM ES ES SS SS SP SP AS AS AS 66 66 2007 3709 14
AS SP SS SM ES AS SP SS SM ES R AS SP BLC Basic License Assessment BLC 61 SP SS SM ES SS SS SE SS ES
SM ES 67 R AS SP SS a b, c SM ES SS SP AS SS, SP, AS 68 67 12 68 16
C C 12 C 10 32 10 33 10 32 C2 10 32 C1 C2 12 10 32 33 10 32 A 10 33 A B B C C B B Mid-Point C C
B2 100 A 170 B2 1.7 69 B2 C2 C1 32 1995 1988 0.38 6,000 2002 0.28 5,000 1996 48.4 2002 26.8 1996 13.2 2002 38.4 70 69 3541 2002 30 70 2006 52 53
1970 1985 1985 1989 85 240 89 128 448 GDP
1990 ASEAN
71 90 2011 35.4 14.2 13.2 12.7 10.4 7.7 GM 4.5 1.7 13 72 12 GM 13 10 635 25 1,700 17 5,000 1980 71 2005 D. 72 TAI 2012 2012 http//www.asean.or.jp
13 13 100,000 LSEs 635 250,000 Foreign Majority 47 Thai Majority 30 23 2 3 1,700 175,000 SMEs LSEs SMEs TAI 2010 168 168 4,700 4,700 31,600 1,988 GM 4.5 13 635
47 298 30 190 23 146 1980 25 30 70 75 48 52 635 1,700 13 201 23 146 1,000 S 1,000 15 20 1995 400 B 1978 C 1982 B 15 1995
27 C 34 54 QC VA 73 1995 GM 93 1980 74 73 1995 74 2013 24
1960 1970
2005 GDP 1970 1985 1990
1996 2001 2000 1980 1995
2 3 28 30 1955
1920 20 30 14 1984 1987 1988 1984 14 8,000 70 1,000 5,000 65 3,000 60 1,500 50 10.5 50 1984 1987 60 5,000 1,500 50 10.5 150 1988 1984 60 5,000 10 300 1995 3,000 50 3,000 40 330
14 1984 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 21 17 14 12 10.5 50 50 120 200 300 400 600 800 1 1.2 1.5 2 3 5 8 1987 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 16 12 10.5 150 1988 60 50 40 30 20 10 300 150 200 300 500 600 800 1 1.2 1.5 3 5 300 600 1 2 5 1995 50 480 40 270 1200 30 114 900 20 33 570 10 330 330 900 1.8 3 3 3000 897 1000 177 500 67
1999 3,000 50 330 10 2007 1,800 40 190 1984 70 2007 40 8,000 1,800 10.5 50 195 423 GDP 1984 2005 GDP 300 500 1984 8,000 70 40 1984 2,000 55 60 3,000 65 5,000 40 330 1.8 900 1999 3000 1000 500 861 177 67 700 72 37 30 20 10 330 330 33 114 270 570 900 195 695 330 2007 3000 1000 500 920.4 176.4 57.25 40 33 23 20 10 5 195 900 1.8 195 9.75 13.5 73 135 365 47.2 297 205 900
1984 GDP 60 40 GDP GDP 50 99
2010 2012 C