consultantgeneral practitioner 31
1 2 40/ 3 1980 4 a M. W. 14, 1990, 161-1701982R. Stevens, Medical Practice in Modern England, Yale University Press, 1966B. 1800-1948, 1981F. Honigsbaum, The Division in British Medicine, Kogan Page, 1979G. Eysenbach, Medicine and Medical Education in Europe, Georg Theime Verlag Stuttgart, New York, 1998, pp.519-521 s EU Eysenbach1998 d 36, 2000 f 32
5 autonomy 6 T. 7 g, 1995=, 1995 h profession autonomy C. C. E. McClelland, The German Experience of Professionalization: Modern Learned Professions and their Organizations from the Early Nineteenth Century to the Hitler Era, Cambridge University Press, 1991 199319 j 20T. T. Parsons, Professions, International Encyclopedia of Social Science, Vol. 12, New York, 1968 33
8 9 10 1960 11 k 1990 l R. Stevens, American Medicine and the Public Interest, Yale University Press, 1971 Updated Edition, University of California Press 1998R. Stevens, op. cit. 0 2000 1, 1961, 1965 1960 34
1968 12 13 1930 14 194217 195025 2 3, 1986, 124-129 4 1917 20, 1961 35
195631195732 195732 1958 1963 15 16 1963 1930 1930 1960 1930 5 6,1942196338 1981.1.7 1982, 1982, 114 1986, 1986 36
193712 9,64661,799 17 16% 1937121036,838 10,53810 302,167 20 18 199620,452 108,47987,909 1910 1930 1930 19 1910 7 12 8 12 9 187710 37
20 21 22 0, 1963 1926, 1939, 1940, 1943 111-2, 1935, 10, 1938, 1964 1965 1 2, 1986, 1989, 1997 38
39 1886 187710-1886
23 24 25 18861899 321903 26 1870 150 27 188215 3 28 1876188417 164 29 1886191876 3 1997 4 333, 1987 36, 1990 5 1877101913, 53 188013, 1993, 11 6 1969655 7 198019681975 8 1 9 198719901876 1877781011 40
41 / 30 1889221,1111879-1889 1889379 31 32 1886 0 1982398-3991874 188013 1 2 1989, 83
33 190336 1906 391916 34 18801920 1930 1880 3 1881141876 190336 4 1886182 42
43 1880 18901900 1902351912 4522.9%26.4% 35 1880 1888212022396 5
36 1887 2048 37 188720 48 38 48 6, 1981,, 52, 1976, 131 7 481887930 8 18821530188821 44
48 39 1880 1880 188812 22-24 40 188720 188821 9 7421969, 94 0 1959, 104-5 45
41 188821 42 189831 22 43 188810 44 12 45 46 1902 3553 47 48 1 1980, 8-50 2 18881222-24 1969, 124 3 189824 30 4, 1980, 61 5 1976, 109 6 4023 7 1902, 17 8, 1902, 10 46
49 1910100 23 302418 50 77% 1890 1880 51 9 34 0, 1910 1 187912, 1980, 59, 1980, 48-50, 1978, 488-4931969, 546 47
188720 1910 1920 1910 1930 48
20 20 19 consultantapothecarygeneral practitioner 52 1919 53 2 R. Stevens, op. cit., 1966, p 32. 3 R. Stevens, op. cit., 1966, pp. 31-33. 49
54 19 referral system 55 56 190639 1882831516 4 B.-1800-1948, 1981, 132-146 5 R. Stevens, op. cit., 1966, p.32. 6 1717, 1957323, 53 50
1880 1886 1893189831 101906 57 58 10 59 60 1900 7, 19001899 1929, 1965, 231-1982, 442-8 8, 1965, 232, 1964, 42 9 1929 0 1899, 27-8 51
61 1899 32 62 1900 63 1907 40 1907 188417 64 1907188922 189023189427 1 18981216189912119 2 18992419 3 4 1968, 2851984,40 52
65 19151892 25189326 66 1908189528 67 189124 68 190235 47 69 192514 553 70 19251414 71 5 1984, 679 6 1979, 79 7 1976, 91 8 1969, 149-161 9 1980, 10 0 19251419181920 1 53
39 54
188720 1930 72 1910 2 189730 1911441,532 24,77083 660176244 55
73 3, 1998 56
57