P.93 conditional sentences, Konditionalsätze ε 10 11 12 3
p. 201 ε áν ε ν áν ε Ind. Präs., Ind. Perf. Ind. Imperfekt ε ε ν 6 p. 150-155 Der sprechende deutet an, welches Verhältnis des bedingenden Satzes zur Wirklichkeit er annahmen will a. b. ε ε áν Konj.Präs./Aor ε ε ε ν ν ν 4
Realis Eventualis Realis falsche Bezeichnung 179 iterative Bedingungssätze 185 p. 233 184, p. 152~3 1. realer Fall, 2. eventueller Fall, 3. potentialer Fall, 4. irrealer Fall p. 683-4 Raphael Kühner 9 ε áν ε ε ε áν ε ν ε 5
Herbert W. Smyth William W. Goodwin Realis 19d-e λλà γàρ ο τε τοúτων ο δéν στιν, ο δé γʼ ε τινος κηκóατε ς γẁ παιδεúειν πιχειρ νθρẃπους καì χρ µατα πρáττοµαι, ο δè το το ληθéς. ε κηκóατε στιν στιν17, p. 53 6
p. 399 the question of fulfilment has already been decided, but we may or may not wish to imply by our form of statement how this has been decided. But in fact none of these things are true, and if you have heard from anyone that I undertake to teach people and that I make money by it, that is not true either. 19b-c...καì ο χ ς τιµáζων λéγω τ ν τοιαúτην πιστ µην, ε τις περì τ ν τοιοúυων σοφóς στιν. ε στιν λéγω 7
1,1,11 19, p.26 the expression of the condition implies a doubt, though it is in the logical form. 16, p. 46 39, d ε γàρ ο εσθε ποκτεíνοντες νθρẃπους πισχ σειν το νειδíζειν τινà µ ν τι ο κ ρθ ς ζ τε, ο καλ ς διανοε σθε? ε ο εσθε διανοε σθε 8
For if you think that by putting men to death you will prevent anyone from reproaching you because you do not act as you should, you are mistaken. Realis 20e future, more vivid Realis Eventuali..καí µοι, νδρες Αθηνα οι, µ θορυβ σητε, µηδ àν δóξω τι µ ν µéγα λéγειν? ο γàρ µòν ρ τòν λóγον ν ν λéγω, λλ ε ς ξιóχρεων µ ν τòν λéγοντα νοíσω τ ς γàρ µ ς, ε δ τíς στιν σοφíα καì ο α, µáρτυρα µ ν παρéξοµαι τòν θεòν τòν ν ελφο ς. áν δóξω θορυβ σητε ε στιν παρéξοµαι 9
and whoever says I do, is lying and speaking to arouse prejudice against me. And, men of Athens, do not interrupt me with noise, even if I seem to you to be boasting; for the word which I speak is not mine, but the speaker to whom I shall refer it is a person of weight. For of my wisdom if it is wisdom at all and of its nature, I will offer you the god of Delphi as a witness. 17c-d...καì µéντοι καì πáνυ, νδρες Αθηνα οι, το το µ ν δéοµαι καì παρíεµαι? àν διà τ ν α τ ν λóγων κοúητé µου πολογουµéνου διʼ νπερ ε ωθα λéγειν καì ν γορ πì τ ν τραπεζ ν, να µ ν πολλοì κηκóασι, καì λλοθι, µ τε θαυµáζειν µ τε θορυβε ν áν κοúητé δéοµαι καì παρíεµαι e And, men of Athens, I urgently beg and beseech you if you hear me making my defence with the same words with which I have been accustomed to speak both in the market place at the bankers tables, where many of you have heard me, and elsewhere, not to be surprised or to make a disturbance on this account. 10
41e τοσóνδε µéντοι α τ ν δéοµαι? τοùς ε ς µου, πειδàν β σωσι, τιµωρ σασθε, νδρες, τα τà τα τα λυπο ντες περ γẁ µ ς λúπουν, àν µ ν δοκ σιν χρηµáτων λλου του πρóτερον πιµελε σθαι ρετ ς, καì àν δοκ σí τι ε ναι µηδèν ντες, νειδíζετε α το ς σπερ γẁ µ ν, τι ο κ πιµελο νται ν δε, καì ο ονταí τι ε ναι ντες ο δενòς ξιοι. καì àν τα τα ποι τε, δíκαια πεπονθẁς γẁ σοµαι φʼ µ ν α τóς τε καì ο ε ς. àν δοκ σιν àν ποι τε τιµωρ σασθε σοµαι However, I make this request of them: when my sons grow up, gentlemen, punish them by troubling them as I have troubled you; if they seem to you to care for money or anything else more than for virtue, and if they think they amount to something when they do not, rebuke them as I have rebuked you because they do not care for what they ought, and think they amount to something when they are worth nothing. If you do this, both I and my sons shall have received just treatment from you. 11
4 310, 3,b p.401 28e γẁ ο ν δεινà ν ε ην ε ργασµéνος, νδρες Αθηνα οι, ε τε µéν µε ο ρχοντες ταττον, ο ς µε ς ε λεσθε ρχειν µου, καì ν Ποτειδαí καì ν Αµφιπóλει καì πì ηλí, τóτε µèν ο κε νοι ταττον µενον σπερ καì λλος τις καì κινδúνευον ποθανε ν, το δè θεο τáττοντος, ς γẁ θην τε καì πéλαβον, φιλοσοφο ντá µε δε ν ζ ν καì ξετáζοντα µαυτòν καì τοùς λλους, ντα θα δè φοβηθεìς θáνατον λλʼ τιο ν πρ γµα λíποιµι τ ν τáξιν. δεινòν 12
τ ν ε η, καì ς ληθ ς τóτʼ ν µε δικαíως ε σáγοι τις ε ς δικαστ ριον, τι ο νοµíζω θεοùς ε ναι πειθ ν τ µαντεí καì δεδιẁς θáνατον καì ο óµενος σοφòς ε ναι ο κ ν. τò γáρ τοι θáνατον δεδιéναι, νδρες, ο δèν λλο στìν δοκε ν σοφòν ε ναι µ ντα? ν ε ην ε λ ποιµι τ ν ε η ν ε σáγοι ν ε ην So I should have done a terrible thing, if,..., then I were to desert my post through fear of death or anything else whatsoever. It would be a terrible thing, and truly one might then justly hale me into court,... 4 310, 3,b. p. 402 13
29b...καì ε δ τ σοφẃτερóς του φαíην ε ναι, τοúτ ν, τι ο κ ε δẁς καν ς περì τ ν ν Αιδου ο τω καì ο οµαι ο κ ε δéναι? ε φαíηνpt. ν φαíην pt. φαíην σοφẃτερος ε ναι p.92. ν 16 p. 77 and if I were to say that I am wiser in anything, it would be in this, that not knowing very much about the other world, I do not think I know. 19c-e 14
... λλà γàρ ο τε τοúτων ο δéν στιν, ο δé γʼ ε τινος κηκóατε ς γẁ παιδεúειν πιχειρ νθρẃπους καì χρ µατα πρáττοµαι, ο δè το το ληθéς. πεì καì το τó γé µοι δοκε καλòν ε ναι, ε τις ο óς τʼ ε η παιδεúειν νθρẃπους σπερ Γοργíας τε Λεοντ νος καì Πρóδικος Κε ος καì Ιππíας Ηλε ος. ε κηκóατε στιν ε ε ηpt. δοκε ν ε η the regular apodosis καλòν ν ε η is represented by its equvalent in sens, δοκε καλòν ε ναι 16 p.47 and if you have heard from anyone that I undertake to teach people and that I make money by it, that is not true either. Although this also seems to me to be a fine thing, if one might be able to teach people, as Gorgias of Leontini and Prodicus of Ceos and Hippias of Elis are. 15
καì γẁ τòν Ε ηνον µακáρισα, ε ς ληθ ς χοι ταúτην τ ν τéχνην καì ο τως µµελ ς διδáσκει. ε χοιpt. ε διδáσκει µακáρισα ν And I called Evenus blessed, if he really had this art and taught so reasonably. Temporalsätze 11 16
23a-b τα τʼ ο ν γẁ µèν τι καì ν ν περιιẁν ζητ καì ρευν κατà τòν θεòν καì τ ν στ ν καì ξéνων ν τινα ο ωµαι σοφòν ε ναι? καì πειδáν µοι µ δοκ, τ θε βοηθ ν νδεíκνυµαι τι ο κ στι σοφóς. ν áν ο ωµαι πειδáν δοκ ζητ καì ρευν 12 38e-39a ο τε γàρ ν δíκ ο τʼ ν πολéµ ο τʼ µè ο τʼ λλον ο δéνα δε το το µηχαν σθαι, πως ποφεúξεται π ν ποι ν θáνατον. καì γàρ ν τα ς µáχαις πολλáκις δ λον γíγνεται τι τó γε ποθανε ν ν τις κφúγοι καì πλα φεìς καì φʼ κετεíαν τραπóµενος τ ν διωκóντων? καì λλαι µηχαναì πολλαí ε σιν ν κáστοις το ς κινδúνοις στε διαφεúγειν θáνατον, áν τις τολµ π ν ποιε ν καì λéγειν. λλà µ ο το τʼ χαλεπον, νδρες, θáνατον κφυγε ν, λλà πολù χαλεπẃτερον πονηρíαν? áν τολµ ε σιν 17
4, 310, 2,a For neither in the court nor in war ought or any other man to plan to escape death by every possible means. In battles it is often plain that a man might avoid death by throwing down his arms and begging mercy of his pursuers; and there are many other means of escaping death in dangers of various kinds if one is willing to do and say anything. 13 17d-18a χει γàρ ο τωσí. ν ν γẁ πρ τον πì δικαστ ριον ναβéβηκα, τη γεγονẁς βδοµ κοντα? τεχν ς ο ν ξéνως χω τ ς νθáδε λéξεως. σπερ ο ν ν, ε τ ντι ξéνος τúγχανον ν, συνεγιγνẃσκετε δ που ν µοι ε ν κεíν τ φων τε καì τ τρóπ λεγον ν ο σπερ τεθρáµµην,... ε τúγχανον ν συνεγιγνẃσκετε 18
ε ν 11 2335, p.534 14 17a-b...τò γàρ µ α σχυνθ ναι τι α τíκα πʼ µο ξελεγχθ σονται ργ, πειδàν µηδʼ πωστιο ν φαíνωµαι δεινòς λéγειν, το τó µοι δοξεν α τ ν ναισχυντóτατον ε ναι, ε µ ρα δεινòν καλο σιν ο τοι λéγειν τòν τ ληθ λéγοντα? ε µèν γàρ το το λéγουσιν, µολογοíην ν γωγε ο κατà τοúτους ε ναι τωρ. ε λéγουσιν µολογοíην ν for if this is what they mean, I would agree that I am an orator not after their fashion. 2356 19
18ε 87 áν 24 ε 100 ε áν subjunctive, Konjunktiv p. 20 20 1 Loeb Classical Library, Plato 1 Perseus Stephanus 2 1973 3 2001 44 4 1995 5 Hermann Menge: Repetitorium der griechische Syntax. München 1961. 6 Adolf Kaegi: Kurzgefaßte Griechische Schulgrammatik. Zürich/Hildesheim 1992. 7 Ars Graeca. Griechische Sprachlehre. Neubearbeitet von Rolf Mehrlein u. a. Paderborn 1967. 20
8 Eduard Schwwyzer: Griechische Grammatik. Zweiter Band, Syntax und syntaktische Stilistik. München 1988(5). 9 Raphael Kühner: Griechische Gsrammatik. Teil II, Band 2. Nachdruck Hannover 1992. 10 E. Ragon: Grammaire grecque. Paris 1973. 11 Herbert Weir Smyth: Greek Grammar. 1920. Renewed 1984. 12 William W. Goodwin: Greek Grammar. Reprinted 1969. 13 William W. Goodwin: Syntax of The moods and tsenses of the greek verb. Boston a. a. Textkit - Greek and Latin Learning tools 14 1974 15 16 Louis Dyer: Plato s Apology & Crito 17 Armin Müller: Platon Apologie und Kriton. (Aschendorfs Sammlung Lateinischer und Griechischer Klassiker). Münster 1970. 18 Mauro Siviero: Concordantiae in Platonis opera omnia. Pars II: Apologia. Hildesheim/Zürich/ New York: Olms Weidemann 1996. 19 45 19 21