( ) [1][2] 3 Displair Displair Displair Fig. 1 1 Overview of the proposed method. 2.2 Traxion[3] Traxion Lecuyer Pseudo-Haptic Fe

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1,a) 1 1 3D A Tactile Sensation Feedback Method for Virtual Objects Based on Virtual Directional Force and Synchronized Visual Effects Izumi Ikeda 1,a) Akifumi Inoue 1 Tohru Hoshi 1 Abstract: Aerial display is the hottest field in next generation display technologies for the basis of interactive contents. However, fog screens, an example of the aerial display, have no rigid body. We can t confirm whether the touch operation on the fog screen is succeeded or not. In this paper, we propose a tactile sensation feedback method from virtual objects on a fog screen. In this method, a user puts a vibration device that consists of four actuators on his/her wrist, and then touches on the fog screen with the hand. When the user s hand comes into contact with the displayed object, the system controls the vibration device and induces a virtual directional force. This virtual force is augmented by an visual effect that is displayed on the fog screen at the same time as the vibration. We confirmed that the prototype could not induce directional force so much, whereas the combination of virtual force and visual effect feedback could improve the tactile sensation on virtual objects on a fog screen. Keywords: aerial display fog screen virtual force sensation 1. 3D 1 School of Computer Science, Tokyo University of Technology a) c011104348 at edu.teu.ac.jp c 2015 Information Processing Society of Japan 1

( ) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 2. 2.1 [1][2] 3 Displair Displair Displair Fig. 1 1 Overview of the proposed method. 2.2 Traxion[3] Traxion Lecuyer Pseudo-Haptic Feedback[4] Pseudo-Haptic 3. c 2015 Information Processing Society of Japan 2

a c h l (X, Y ) b (x, y, z) Fig. 2 2 Two coordinate axes in the proposed method. 3.1 1 3.2 2 CG CG a b c CG l h (x, y, z) CG (X, Y ) 1 2 l X = (x a x ) (1) b x a x Y = (a y y) h a y c y (2) a b c x y z z (X, Y ) 3 Fig. 3 The mechanism of virtual force sensation. 3.3 3 4 2 3(a) (b) 2 4 8 3.4 Pseudo-Haptic[4] 4 4(a) 4(b) 4(c) (d) c 2015 Information Processing Society of Japan 3

情報処理学会研究報告 (3)接触判定に応じた映像を表示 霧 図 4 映像錯覚のエフェクト例 Fig. 4 An example of visial effects. (a) (3)接触判定に応じた映像を表示 超音波式加湿器 モーションセンサ (1)ユーザーの手の位置情報を取得 霧噴出口 ユーザー 霧 (2)接触判定に応じて 牽引力を提示 手首 振動アクチュエータ (b) プロジェクタ (3)接触判定に応じた映像を表示 モーションセンサ (c) 図 5 Fig. 5 Appearance of the fog screen. 振動アクチュエータ 外観 モーションセンサ 手首 ユーザー (2)接触判定に応じて 牽引力を提示 Leap Motion 超音波式加湿器 (1)ユーザーの手の位置情報を取得 霧 超音波式加湿器 手首 (1)ユーザーの手の位置情報を取得 ユーザー (2)接触判定に応じて 牽引力を提示 振動アクチュエータ 4. 実装 図 6 4.1 実装環境 投映物体との接触時の牽引力提示方向 Fig. 6 Directions of the virtual force induced by collision of an virtual object. 図 5 に実装したの外観を示す フォグ スクリーンには超音波式加湿器を用いた 測距センサには Leap Motion を用いた 振動デバイスの振動アクチュエー 方向へ 図 6(c) では右斜め上方向から接触した場合左下方 タには Haptuator を利用し その制御には Arduino Uno を 向への牽引力錯覚を提示する 用いた アプリケーション制御とセンサ情報取得には を用いた また Leap Motion の制御には LeapSDK 2.2.0 を用いた 4.3 アプリケーション 図 7 に今回実装したアプリケーションの動作風景を示 す 図 7(a) のポインタは ユーザの手と 4.2 振動デバイス制御 が接触している点を示す このポインタに図 7(b) のよう 振動デバイスには Arduino Uno を用いて電圧を入力し に投映物体が接触したとき ユーザの手と投映物体が接触 た 入力電圧波形は NTT のぶるなび [5] を参考に 10:1 したと判定される 接触が判定されたとき ユーザの手首 のデューティ比となる非対称な加速度を入力した また に装着した振動デバイスがユーザに牽引力錯覚を与える Haptuator の適正振動周波数から 入力電圧は約 90 Hz の 図 7 中では 投映物体がユーザの手に左側から衝突してい 周波数で振動を行う るため 振動デバイスは右方向への牽引力錯覚を発生させ 牽引力錯覚の提示方向については 接触判定時にユーザ る 同時に 図 7(c) (d) のように ポインタがユーザの の手の位置座標から接触した投映物体の中心座標に向かう 手の位置から投映物体と反発する方向へ移動し ユーザの 単位ベクトルを算出し その x 成分と y 成分によって一方 手の位置に戻ってくるという映像エフェクトが表示されて 向を決定した 図 6 に投映物体との接触方向に応じた牽引 いる 力提示方向を示す 図 6(a) のように ユーザの手から見 て左方向から投映物体が接触した場合 接触方向と反発す 5. 評価実験 る方向として 振動デバイスは右方向への牽引力錯覚を提 作成したプロトタイプシステムを利用し 牽引力錯覚の 示する 同様に 図 6(b) では上方向から接触した場合下 認識方向について精度評価を行った また 提案手法 牽 c 2015 Information Processing Society of Japan 4

7 Fig. 7 Behavior of the application. 5.1 5.1.1 15 8 2 5 5.1.2 8 0 1 8 45 1 3 8 45 1 5 3 0 5.2 5.2.1 15 ( ) Fig. 8 8 The ratio of questions answered correctly for each subjects. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 5.2.2 1 2 15 14 ( ) 12 ( ) 2 ( ) 5 12 c 2015 Information Processing Society of Japan 5

1 1 Table 1 Result of questionnaire 1 + ( ) + ( ) ( ) ( ) 2 2 Table 2 Result of questionnaire 2 5 12 9 12 2 1 9 6. [6] 9 9 A B A B A A B B A B 7. Fig. 9 9 An application of the proposed method: rhythm action games. 8 [1] 3 2010 (2010). [2] 14 SI2013, pp. 1953 1956 (2013). [3] Rekimoto, J.: Traxion: A Tactile Interaction Device with Virtual Force Sensation, Proceedings of the 26th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology, UIST 13, New York, NY, USA, ACM, pp. 427 432 (online), DOI: 10.1145/2501988.2502044 (2013). [4] Lecuyer, A., Coquillart, S., Kheddar, A., Richard, P. and Coiffet, P.: Pseudo-Haptic Feedback: Can Isometric Input Devices Simulate Force Feedback?, Proceedings of the IEEE Virtual Reality 2000 Conference, VR 00, Washington, DC, USA, IEEE Computer Society, pp. 83 (online), available from http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=832288.835776 (2000). [5] Vol. 11, No. 4, pp. 545 555 http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/110008728998/ (2006). [6]. GN, [ ] Vol. 2014, No. 41, pp. 1 6 http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/110009676856/ (2014). c 2015 Information Processing Society of Japan 6