:2 X CT
|
|
|
- かんじ みのしま
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, Vol. 106, No. 5, p , May 2000 X CT Observation and analysis of internal structure of rock using X-ray CT * ** *** **** Tsukasa Nakano *, Yoshito Nakashima **, Ko-ichi Nakamura *** and Susumu Ikeda **** * Geological Information Center, Geological Survey of Japan, 1-1-3, Higashi, Tsukuba , Japan ** Geophysics Department, Geological Survey of Japan, 1-1-3, Higashi, Tsukuba , Japan *** Marine Geology Department, Geological Survey of Japan, 1-1-3, Higashi, Tsukuba , Japan **** Geological Institute, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo , Japan 23 August October November December May 2000
2 :2 X CT
3 :3 X CT Computerized Tomography X LAC CT LAC X X CT X LAC X CT FBP CBP CT X CT CT X X CT X CT
4 :4 Abstract X-ray computerized tomography (CT) is a technique to reconstruct a CT image showing the spatial distribution of X-ray linear absorption coefficients (LAC s) of the materials in a sample. This technique allows us to observe and to analyze the three-dimensional precise internal structure of rock non-destructively. The LAC is a physical property which depends on density, state and chemical composition of the material and X-ray energy used in the measurement. Chemical composition of a material greatly affects the LAC for the photon energy level of the medical X-ray CT scanners. Filtered back-projection (FBP) method and convolution back-projection (CBP) method are applied to the reconstruction of a CT image from the obtained X-ray projection data. A suitable choice of a reconstruction filter in the methods enables us to enhance the target texture in the image. An artifact called beam hardening occurs in the CT image obtained by the CT scanner with polychromatic X- ray. This artifact can be reduced by the use of a suitable pad for the sample and / or by the correction of the image using spectrum data of the X-ray source used in the measurement and bulk density and chemical composition of the sample material. To apply the X-ray CT to advanced observation and quantitative analysis of the internal structure of rock, it is necessary to understand the basic theory and the detailed techniques used in the X-ray CT.
5 :5 Ke y words : X-ray CT X-ray linear absorption coefficient (LAC) filtered back-projection (FBP) and convolution back-projection (CBP) methods reconstruction filter X-ray spectrum beam hardening internal structure of rock
6 :6 X CT Computerized Tomography X CT X X X X-ray Linear Absorption Coefficient LAC 1979 X CT CT LAC CT X CT CT X CT Hounsfield 1973 Ambrose 1973 X CT X CT 1 X X generation CT X X X X X 1 / 100 CT Misawa et al X CT X CT CT
7 :7 X CT 120 kv X X X CT S/N 10 cm X CT X CT artifact X X CT beam hardening CT CT X X Bonse and Busch 1996 Uesugi et al X CT X CT CT X X CT 2 3 X CT CT CT X X 0.1 1mm Shibata and Nagano 1996 Nakashima et al Kondo et al µm CT X CT X X X CT 0.1 % Hirano et al X CT 0.1 g / cm 3 X CT CT EPMA CT
8 :8 CT CT X CT X CT CT X CT X CT CT X S I 0 X I I = I 0 e µ S [1] Koch and MacGillavry 1962 [1] projection X p p = ln(i 0 / I) = µ S [2] µ X LAC cm -1 X [2] p X S p / S = µ = X CT LAC ρ g/cm 3 τ cm 2 /g X X-ray Mass Absorption Coefficient MAC MAC X τ = µ / ρ = w j Σ w j τ j (E) [3] j Σ w j = 1 j τ j (E) j E X j MAC
9 :9 Hubbell and Seltzer 1996 electron-pair creation MeV X τ j (E) Koch and MacGillavry 1962 τ j (E) = {σ R j (E) + σ P j (E) + σ C (E)} N Z j / A j [4] N Av ogadro Z j A j j σ R j (E) σ P j (E) σ C (E) photon interaction cross section per electron Rayleigh Compton Compton σ C (E) j X CT X 30 E 100 kev Z j 20 j Z j X E kev McCullough 1975 σ R j (E) = Z 2.00 j E 1.9 σ P j (E) = Z 3.8 j E 3.2 σ C (E) = e (E 30) [5] 4 X Compton X X Rayleigh [4] Z j / A j 1/2 Compton MeV X MAC X LAC CT X CT X LAC CT Si O g / cm 3 KAlSi 3 O g / cm 3 X CT CT Ikeda et al. 1999
10 :10 X MAC LAC [5] X absorption edge Koch and MacGillavry 1962 X X CT Hirano et al X CT X K kev X X X CT Radon X CT X CT CT X X Z CT Z X X CT Uesugi et al Z X Z X p [2] p = Σ µ k S k k [6]
11 :11 µ k S k k LAC X X k S k [6] p µ k X [6] LAC µ k CT ART Algebraic Reconstruction Technique Herman 1980 CT 1988 X CT CT ART Filtered Back-Projection method FBP Convolution Back-Projection method CBP 1983 CBP X CT FBP FBP CBP X CT X p(r) r Fourier r X 1 X r p(r) r z r cm z cm -1 G(z) = z W(z) [7] p(r) filtering G(z) reconstruction filter W(z) window function p(r) r W(z) 1 1 δ r = δ l l = 0, ± 1,...
12 : p(r) 0 W(z) W(z) = 1 z <z * 0 z z * [8] z * Nyquist X δ z * = 1/(2 δ ) [9] p(r) z * 0 CT δ CT 2 δ [8] Ramachandran 1983 X CT [7] sinc Hanning W(z) = sin( π 2 z z * )/( π 2 z z * ) [10] W(z) = cos(π z z * ) [11] [7] Shepp [10] Chesler [11] [8] p(r) r 2(b) 3 p(r) Chesler [8] [8] Gibbs
13 : CT CT 6 LAC LAC X p(r) LAC p(r) CT 6 CT δ Nyquist z * 5 Gibbs CT CT CT 6 CT CT CT CT CT X CT FBP back-projection CT CT X CT X CT CT
14 :14 X CT CT X CT Gibbs Shepp X CT [2] [6] X X X X CT CT X S X E [1] X i 0 (E) 7 (a) LAC µ(e) 7 (b) E I 0 = i 0 (E) de 0 I(S) = i 0 (E) e µ(e) S de 0 [12] [12] p(s) S 7 (c) X i 0 (E) E p(s) /S = f (S) f (S) S [13] S X LAC f (S) 7 (d) X X CT
15 :15 X CT X X CT X X CT CT beam hardening X CT CT 8 CT CT CT 8 (c) CT CT 1cm X CT CT [12] X LAC MeV X CT X X Bonse and Busch 1996 X Stonestrom et al CT CT CT CT X mm X CT CT
16 :16 9 X CT X CT X CT S p(s) 7 (c) S(p) Herman 1980 p p =S(p) p [13] LAC 1 Olson et al X CT X CT Meagher et al CT X CT CT OBS SIM CT OBS X S OBS X 7 (a) LAC 7 (b) X p(s) 7 (c) SIM OBS
17 :17 OBS X CT CT X CT X CT CT CT CT CT CT HU Hounsfield Unit 1979 [3] CT LAC 1g/cm 3 CT CT g / cm 3 X LAC X CT X CT LAC cm -1 CT 0 CT CT 1993 X CT CT X CT CT X CT CT-W2000 CT 7(a) X CT 5 Shepp
18 :18 9 VER-98-1 St. 6 PC Sec. 3B X CT 1010 mm 12 cm mm CT 1mm mm CT CT 10 7cm GSJ-R CT mm 10 (a) X CT CT OBS X 7 (a) X LAC 7 (b) G OBS 10 (b) SIM OBS SIM BHC 10 (c) 10 (d) CT OBS SIM BHC CT 11 CT Ikeda et al cm GSJ-R
19 : mm CT 0.5 mm 50 CT CT CT (a) 11 (b) CT CT CT CT 11 (c) 11 (b) 11 (d) 11 (e) cluster labeling Nakano and Fujii (f) 90 % 1997 CT CT EPMA X
20 :20 CT CT X CT X CT X CT X CT 1995 X CT Denison et al X CT X CT X SPring-8 X CT X CT X CT X CT
21 :21 SPring A X CT Ambrose J Computerized transverse axial scanning (Tomography), Part 2, clinical application Brit. Jour. Radiol Bonse U. and Busch F X-ray computed microtomography (µct) using syncrotron radiation (SR) Prog. Biophys. molec. Biol Denison C. Carlson W.D. and Ketcham R.A Three-dimensional quantitative textural analysis of metamorphic rocks using high-resolution computed X-ray tomography : part I. methods and techniques Jour. Metamorph. Geol Herman G.T Image reconstruction from projections Academic Press 316p. Hirano T. Eguchi S. and Usami K Study of quantitative elemental analysis of monochromatic X-ray CT using synchrotron radiation Jpn. Jour. Appl. Phys Hubbell J.H. and Seltzer S.M Tables of X-ray mass attenuation coefficients and mass energy-absorption coefficients 1 kev to 20 MeV for elements Z = 1 to 92 and 48 additional substances of dosimetric interest URL = http: // physics.nist.gov / PhysRefData / XrayMassCoef / cover.html. Hounsfield G.N Computerized transverse axial scanning (Tomography), Part 1, description of system Brit. Jour. Radiol Ikeda S. Nakano T. and Nakashima Y Three-dimensional study on the interconnection and shape of crystals in a graphic granite by X-ray CT and image analysis Mineal. Mag. in press P 9 222p.
22 :22 Irving A. J Pyroxene-rich ultramafic xenolith in the newer basalts of Victoria, Australia N. Jahrb. Mineral. Abh p CT 288p X CT X CT Koch B. and MacGillavry C.H X-ray absorption in International Tables for X-ray crystallography vol. III MacGillavry C.H. and Rieck G.D. eds. The Kynoch Press Kondo M. Tsuchiyama A. Hirai H. and Koishikawa A High resolution X-ray computed tomographic (CT) images of chondrites and a chondrule Antarct. Meteorite Res McCullough E.C Photon attenuation in computed tomography Med. Phys Meagher J.M. Mote C.D. and Skinner H.B CT image correction for beam hardening using simulated projection data IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci CQ 238p. Misawa M. Ichikawa N. Akai M. Hori K. Tamura K. and Matsui G Development of fast X-ray CT system for transient two-phase flow measurement 6th Int. Conf. on Nuclear Engineering San Diego No CD-ROM. Miyazaki K Ostwald ripening of garnet in high P / T metamorphic rocks Contrib. Mineral. Petrol Nakano T. and Fujii N The multiphase grain control percolation : its implication for a partially molten rock Jour. Geophys. Res (7)
23 : X CT (1) CT Nakashima Y. Hirai H. Koishikawa A. and Ohtani T Three-dimensional imaging of arrays of fluid inclusion in fluorite by high-resolution X-ray CT N. Jahrb. Mineral. Mh X CT Olson E.A. Han K.S. and Pisano D.J CT projection polychromaticy correction for three attenuators IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci I 163p. Shibata T. and Nagano T Applying very heigh resolution microfocus X-ray CT and 3-D reconstruction to the human auditory appratus Nature Medicine Stonestrom J.P. Alvarez R.E. and Macovski A A framework for spectral artifact corrections in X-ray CT IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng Takagi H. Ishii K. and Kanagaw a K Pressure frings and pressure shadows indicative of progressive deformation Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan 102 IX X. Uesugi K. Tsuchiyama A. Nakano T. Suzuki Y. Yagi N. Umetani K. and Kohmura Y Development of micro-tomography imaging system for rock and mineral samples SPIE Conference on Developments in X-ray Tomography II Proc. SPIE FBP CBP X CT 1 X CT CT θ s X r r s CT (x, y) r s θ x y = cos θ, sin θ, sin θ r cos θ s [A1]
24 :24 X CT 1 X X FBP CBP CT X FBP CBP [6] p(r, θ ) = f (x, y) ds [A2] p(r, θ ) θ X r X f (x, y) θ r X s [A1] (x, y) LAC [A2] s f (x, y) 0 p(r, θ ) f (x, y) FBP f (x, y) Fourier F(t, u) F(t, u) = f (x, y) e 2 π i (t x + u y) dx dy [A3] i t u x y [A3] z θ P(z, θ ) [A1] [A2] P(z, θ ) F(z cos θ, z sin θ ) = f (x, y) e 2 π i z (x cos θ + y sin θ ) dx dy = f (x, y) e 2 π i z r dr ds = p(r, θ ) e 2 π i z r dr [A4] P(z, θ ) p(r, θ ) Fourier [A3] f (x, y) Fourier f (x, y) = F(t, u) e2 π i (t x + u y) dt du [A5] (t, u)
25 :25 t = z cos θ u = z sin θ < z < 0 θ π [A6] [A5] f (x, y) = π 0 F(z cos θ, z sin θ ) e2 π i z (x cos θ + y sin θ ) z dz dθ [A7] [A7] z G(z) [A7] [A1] [A4] G(z) z q(r, θ ) = P(z, θ ) G(z) e2 π i z r dz [A8] [A9] f (x, y) = π 0 q(x cos θ + y sin θ, θ ) dθ [A10] [A4] [A8] [A9] [A10] FBP p(r, θ ) (x, y) LAC f (x, y) [A9] q(r, θ ) θ X p(r, θ ) r z G(z) filtering [A4] [A8] [A9] [A10] X θ q(r, θ ) θ LAC back-projection [A9] P(z, θ ) G(z) Fourier P(z, θ ) Fourier p(r, θ ) G(z) Fourier g(r) convolution q(r, θ ) g(r) = G(z) e2 π i z r dz [A11] q(r, θ ) = p(r, θ ) g(r r ) dr [A12] FBP [A4] [A9] CBP [A11]
26 :26 CT CBP G(z) [A8] [A11] CBP FBP r θ CT
27 :27 1 X CT 180 X s X X X X r CT θ x y (x, y) (r, s) 2 X CT CT 20 cm (a) X CT CT-W mm CT 130 kv X X CT X (b) X CT HiXCT-3M X mm CT MV X X X CT MeV X CT LAC CT 1 Noorat Irving Takagi et al Kohistan mm Miyazaki 1991
28 :28 3 SPring-8 X CT Allende X CT Uesugi et al kev X 300 X 6 µm 6 6 µm 2 CT mm 3 (a) LAC 7.5 cm -1 CT (b) (c) (d) CT (d) X CT LAC X CT (d) 20 cm -1 LAC X 20 kev LAC g / cm 3 LAC cm -1 (b) 4 MAC X T MAC Rayleigh Compton R P C [4] [5] McCullough 1975 R +P+C= T MAC R +P +C=1 T MAC Hubbell and Seltzer FBP CBP W(z) [8] [10] [11] [7] G(z) z z * Nyquist [9]
29 :29 6 LAC 1 CT CT δ X 5 CT δ X CT X 1 7 X (a) X CT CT-W2000 X 120 kv ma X X 1mm 0.1 mm (b) GSJ-R X LAC Hubbel and Seltzer 1996 X MAC [3] LAC (c) 7 (a) X 7 (b) LAC X [12] (d) 7 (c) [13] LAC 8 X CT CT-W2000 CT (a) X CT CT OBS mm (b) OBS X 7 (a) OBS SIM (c) OBS SIM CT OBS Fobs SIM fsim OBS SIM CT
30 :30 CT 9 VER-98-1 St. 6 PC Sec. 3B X CT 1010 CT histogram equalization 1995 CT 12 cm 5mm CT 10 GSJ-R X CT (a) X CT CT OBS (b) OBS SIM (c) OBS Fobs SIM fsim Fbhc BHC (d) 10 (a) (b) (c) CT BHC CT OBS SIM mm 50 X CT GSJ-R Ikeda et al (a) CT CT mm (b) 11 (a) CT z=0 z=49 CT (c) 11 (a) CT df HU (d) 11 (c) 11 (b) (e) 11 (d) 11 (d) z=0 z=49 (f) 11 (e)
31 :31 11 (a) (c) HU CT 11 (b) (d)
32 r δ y x r = 0 s θ X I X I 0 X 1 65 %
33 (a) 2 3 (b) CT (HU) (g/cm3) %
34 (a) (b) (c) (d) 0 LAC (1/cm) %
35 O : Z = 8, A = Si : Z = 14, A = Fe : Z = 26, A = log(mac, cm2/g) R T C P log(mac, cm2/g) R P T C log(mac, cm2/g) C P R T (kev) 100 R P 30 (kev) 100 C (kev) 100 P R 30 (kev) 100 C (kev) 100 P 30 (kev) 100 C R 4 70 %
36 W(z) 1 Ramachandran sinc Shepp Hanning Chesler 0 G(z) z * z z * Ramachandran Chesler Shepp 0 z * z 5 70 %
37 Ramachandran 50 δ 150 δ 250 δ 350 δ 450 δ Shepp 50 δ 150 δ 250 δ 350 δ 450 δ Chesler 50 δ 150 δ 250 δ 350 δ 450 δ δ δ δ δ +4 δ 4 δ +4 δ 4 δ +4 δ 6 65 %
38 10000 (a) X i0 X i0 X = 120 kv / 0.5~0.6 ma = Al (1 mm) + Cu (0.1 mm) = X E (kev) 150 (b) X LAC µ (g/cm3) log( µ, 1/cm) 2 X LAC f (1/cm) 8X p B (c) X p = log(i0 / I) G K Q W 0 0 X S (cm) 10 (d) X LAC CT f = p / S B K G Q B: G: GSJ-R26347 K: Q: W: Ca3 P2 O8 K Al Si3 O8 Si O2 H2 O B G K Q 0.1 W 0 X E (kev) X S (cm) 10 W 7 80 %
39 Si O2, 2.65 g/cm3, * 3.13 cm2 Al, 2.66 g/cm3, * cm2 Al2 O3, 3.85 g/cm3, * cm2 Ca S O4 + 2 H2 O, 2.31 g/cm3, * cm2 Ca C O3, 2.72 g/cm3, * cm2 (b) SIM (a) OBS Fobs (HU) Fobs (HU) Fobs (HU) Fobs (HU) Fobs (HU) fsim (1/cm) fsim (1/cm) fsim (1/cm) fsim (1/cm) fsim (1/cm) (c) Fobs (HU) Fobs = * fsim Fobs fsim fsim (1/cm) Fobs (HU) Fobs = * fsim Fobs fsim fsim (1/cm) Fobs (HU) Fobs = * fsim Fobs fsim fsim (1/cm) Fobs (HU) Fobs = * fsim Fobs fsim fsim (1/cm) Fobs (HU) Fobs = * fsim Fobs fsim fsim (1/cm) %
40 VER-98-1, St.6, PC, Sec.3B : = 1010 (mm), lay-x = 196 / 393 ( mm), lay-y = 197 / 395 ( mm) lay-x CT (HU) lay-y (mm) 9 80 %
41 (a) OBS 219 * 219 pixels / * cm2 (b) SIM 438 * 438 pixels / * cm2 (c) BHC 219 * 219 pixels / * cm2 (d) Fobs (HU) CT Fobs = * fsim Fobs fsim fsim (1/cm) Fbhc Fobs (HU) fsim (1/cm) Fbhc %
42 (e) z = (a) (b) df = (f) (c) (d) %
Accuracy check of grading of XCT Report Accuracy check of grading and calibration of CT value on the micro-focus XCT system Tetsuro Hirono Masahiro Ni
JAMSTEC Rep. Res. Dev., Volume 8, November 2008, 29 36 X CTm/pixel X CT X CT. -. mol/l KI KI CT CT X CT CT ; - - +- -- hirono@ess.sci.osaka-u.ac.jp Accuracy check of grading of XCT Report Accuracy check
IEEE HDD RAID MPI MPU/CPU GPGPU GPU cm I m cm /g I I n/ cm 2 s X n/ cm s cm g/cm
Neutron Visual Sensing Techniques Making Good Use of Computer Science J-PARC CT CT-PET TB IEEE HDD RAID MPI MPU/CPU GPGPU GPU cm I m cm /g I I n/ cm 2 s X n/ cm s cm g/cm cm cm barn cm thn/ cm s n/ cm
JFE.dvi
,, Department of Civil Engineering, Chuo University Kasuga 1-13-27, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112 8551, JAPAN E-mail : atsu1005@kc.chuo-u.ac.jp E-mail : kawa@civil.chuo-u.ac.jp SATO KOGYO CO., LTD. 12-20, Nihonbashi-Honcho
634 T. SICE Vol.50 No.9 September 2014 ML-EM Maximum Likelihood-Expectation Maximization Method 5) FBP CT Zhao 6) Zhang 2 7) 8), 9) X CT X CT CT CT CT
Vol.50, No.9, 633/639 2014 Two Dimensional Metal Artifact Reduction Algorithm in CT and Its Application to Three Dimensional Data Toru Kano and Michihiko Koseki X-ray CT is one of the most important diagnostic
X線分析の進歩36 別刷
X X X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis on Environmental Standard Reference Materials with a Dry Battery X-Ray Generator Hideshi ISHII, Hiroya MIYAUCHI, Tadashi HIOKI and Jun KAWAI Copyright The Discussion Group
3-2 PET ( : CYRIC ) ( 0 ) (3-1 ) PET PET [min] 11 C 13 N 15 O 18 F 68 Ga [MeV] [mm] [MeV]
![3-2 PET ( : CYRIC ) ( 0 ) (3-1 ) PET PET [min] 11 C 13 N 15 O 18 F 68 Ga [MeV] [mm] [MeV]](/thumbs/91/106519999.jpg "3-2 PET ( : CYRIC ) ( 0 ) (3-1 ) PET PET [min] 11 C 13 N 15 O 18 F 68 Ga [MeV] [mm] [MeV]")
3 PET 3-1 PET 3-1-1 PET PET 1-1 X CT MRI(Magnetic Resonance Imaging) X CT MRI PET 3-1 PET [1] H1 D2 11 C-doxepin 11 C-raclopride PET H1 D2 3-2 PET 0 0 H1 D2 3-1 PET 3-2 PET ( : CYRIC ) ( 0 ) 3-1-2 (3-1
X CT - - ( ) ( ) CT Image Reconstruction Algorithm to Reduce Metal Artifact - Metal Extraction and Non-Metal Interpolation of Sinogram - Toru KANO, Mi
X CT - - ( ) ( ) CT Image Reconstruction Algorithm to Reduce Metal Artifact - Metal Extraction and Non-Metal Interpolation of Sinogram - Toru KANO, Michihiko KOSEKI, Hirohisa MORIKAWA Shinshu University,
福島県立医科大学総合科学教育研究センター紀要 Vol. 4, 1-10, 2015 原著論文 CT 2 ( ) CT 2 Received 2 October 2015, Accepted 16 October CT 2 f 0 (x, y) Radon f 0 2 f (x, y)
福島県立医科大学総合科学教育研究センター紀要 Vol. 4, -, 5 原著論文 CT () CT Received October 5, Accepted 6 October 5 CT f (x, y) Radon f f (x, y) (FBP) Fourier Fourier (Bracewell & Riddle, 967 () ; Ramachangran & Lakshminarayanan,
28 Horizontal angle correction using straight line detection in an equirectangular image
28 Horizontal angle correction using straight line detection in an equirectangular image 1170283 2017 3 1 2 i Abstract Horizontal angle correction using straight line detection in an equirectangular image
xx/xx Vol. Jxx A No. xx 1 Fig. 1 PAL(Panoramic Annular Lens) PAL(Panoramic Annular Lens) PAL (2) PAL PAL 2 PAL 3 2 PAL 1 PAL 3 PAL PAL 2. 1 PAL
PAL On the Precision of 3D Measurement by Stereo PAL Images Hiroyuki HASE,HirofumiKAWAI,FrankEKPAR, Masaaki YONEDA,andJien KATO PAL 3 PAL Panoramic Annular Lens 1985 Greguss PAL 1 PAL PAL 2 3 2 PAL DP
放射線化学, 97, 29 (2014)
20 5 Absorption spectra of biomolecules over wide energy range are very important to study their radiation effects in terms of the optical approximation proposed by Platzman. Using synchrotron radiation
Mｏｔｔ散乱によるParity対称性の破れを検証
Mott Parity P2 Mott target Mott Parity Parity Γ = 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 t P P ),,, ( 3 2 1 0 1 γ γ γ γ γ γ ν ν µ µ = = Γ 1 : : : Γ P P P P x x P ν ν µ µ vector axial vector ν ν µ µ γ γ Γ ν γ
[2] ATMUKN [3] (ATMU ATMUKN)[4] ( ) X tr = f photo photo + f incoh incoh + f pair pair = E h 0 (2) h 0 E 1 f photo =1; X h 0 f incoh f pair =1;
![[2] ATMUKN [3] (ATMU ATMUKN)[4] ( ) X tr = f photo photo + f incoh incoh + f pair pair = E h 0 (2) h 0 E 1 f photo =1; X h 0 f incoh f pair =1;](/thumbs/90/102488508.jpg "[2] ATMUKN [3] (ATMU ATMUKN)[4] ( ) X tr = f photo photo + f incoh incoh + f pair pair = E h 0 (2) h 0 E 1 f photo =1; X h 0 f incoh f pair =1;")
2001 4 17 1 ICRP90 (AP ) ICRP 2 2.1 (photoelectric eect) (coherent scattering) (incoherent scattering) ( (pair creation) (triplet creation)) = photo + coh + incoh + pair (cm ;1 ) (1) (linear attenuation
000..\..
Bull. Nagoya Univ. Museum No. 20, 79 91, 2004 Quantitative chemical analysis of rocks with X-ray fluorescence analyzer XRF-1800 NAKAZAKI Mineko TSUBOI Motohiro KANAGAWA Kazuyo KATO Takenori SUZUKI Kazuhiro
Microsoft Word - 題名.doc
1964 1966 RII 1 1 2 17 X 1 1 2 3.5.7 2 3 X. X 13 4 X X 20 5 X 28 X 29 6 X 31 7 X MTF 34 1 1 2 2 9 8 13 X X 18 3 X 23 1 1 2 X X 2 3 11 4 X 15 1 1 2 O.T.F. X X Film 6 8 10 3 X 11 14 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 4 T.V.
4 2 Rutherford 89 Rydberg λ = R ( n 2 ) n 2 n = n +,n +2, n = Lyman n =2 Balmer n =3 Paschen R Rydberg R = cm 896 Zeeman Zeeman Zeeman Lorentz
2 Rutherford 2. Rutherford N. Bohr Rutherford 859 Kirchhoff Bunsen 86 Maxwell Maxwell 885 Balmer λ Balmer λ = 364.56 n 2 n 2 4 Lyman, Paschen 3 nm, n =3, 4, 5, 4 2 Rutherford 89 Rydberg λ = R ( n 2 ) n
τ p ω πτ p ω π τ p (t) = 2 2 t 2 exp(i t)exp 8 2 S(,t) = s( ) (t )d d 2 E x dz 2 = 2 E x z E x = E 0 e z, = + j = 1 2 0 tan = 0, v = c r 10 11 Horn Circulator Net Work Analyzer t H = E t E = H E t B =
The Plasma Boundary of Magnetic Fusion Devices
ASAKURA Nobuyuki, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Naka, Ibaraki 311-0193, Japan e-mail: asakuran@fusion.naka.jaeri.go.jp The Plasma Boundary of Magnetic Fusion Devices Naka Fusion Research Establishment,
JIS Z803: (substitution method) 3 LCR LCR GPIB
LCR NMIJ 003 Agilent 8A 500 ppm JIS Z803:000 50 (substitution method) 3 LCR LCR GPIB Taylor 5 LCR LCR meter (Agilent 8A: Basic accuracy 500 ppm) V D z o I V DUT Z 3 V 3 I A Z V = I V = 0 3 6 V, A LCR meter
Undulator.dvi
X X 1 1 2 Free Electron Laser: FEL 2.1 2 2 3 SACLA 4 SACLA [1]-[6] [7] 1: S N λ [9] XFEL OHO 13 X [8] 2 2.1 2(a) (c) z y y (a) S N 90 λ u 4 [10, 11] Halbach (b) 2: (a) (b) (c) (c) 1 2 [11] B y = n=1 B
06_学術_関節単純X線画像における_1c_梅木様.indd
Arts and Sciences X The formulation of femoral heard measurement corrected enlargement ratio using hip joints X-ray Imaging 1 2 1 1 1 2 Key words: Bipolar Hip Arthroplasty (BHA) Preoperative planning Enlargement
untitled
Application of image correlation technique to determination of in-plane deformation distribution of paper Toshiharu Enomae Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences The University of Tokyo 1 Peters
Fig. 3 Flow diagram of image processing. Black rectangle in the photo indicates the processing area (128 x 32 pixels).
Fig. 1 The scheme of glottal area as a function of time Fig. 3 Flow diagram of image processing. Black rectangle in the photo indicates the processing area (128 x 32 pixels). Fig, 4 Parametric representation
地質調査研究報告/Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Japan
Takayuki Uchino and Makoto Kawamura (2010) Glaucophane found from meta-basalt in the Nedamo Terrane, Northeast Japan, and its geologic significance. Bull. Geol. Surv. Japan, vol. 61 (11/12), p. 445-452,
JAMSTEC Rep. Res. Dev., Volume 12, March 2011, 27 _ 35 1,2* Pb 210 Pb 214 Pb MCA 210 Pb MCA MCA 210 Pb 214 Pb * 2
JAMSTEC Rep. Res. Dev., Volume 12, March 2011, 27 _ 35 1,2* 1 1 1 1 210 Pb 210 Pb 214 Pb MCA 210 Pb MCA MCA 210 Pb 214 Pb 2010 10 4 2010 12 10 1 2 * 237-0061 2-15 046-867-9794 ogurik@jamstec.go.jp 27 210
Degradation Mechanism of Ethylene-propylene-diene Terpolymer by Ozone in Aqueous Solution Satoshi MIWA 1 *, 2, Takako KIKUCHI 1, 2, Yoshito OHTAKE 1 a
Degradation Mechanism of Ethylene-propylene-diene Terpolymer by zone in Aqueous Solution Satoshi MIWA 1, 2, Takako KIKUCHI 1, 2, Yoshito TAKE 1 and Keiji TANAKA 2 ( 1 Chemicals Evaluation and Research
Sample function Re random process Flutter, Galloping, etc. ensemble (mean value) N 1 µ = lim xk( t1) N k = 1 N autocorrelation function N 1 R( t1, t1
Sample function Re random process Flutter, Galloping, etc. ensemble (mean value) µ = lim xk( k = autocorrelation function R( t, t + τ) = lim ( ) ( + τ) xk t xk t k = V p o o R p o, o V S M R realization
( ) sin 1 x, cos 1 x, tan 1 x sin x, cos x, tan x, arcsin x, arccos x, arctan x. π 2 sin 1 x π 2, 0 cos 1 x π, π 2 < tan 1 x < π 2 1 (1) (
6 20 ( ) sin, cos, tan sin, cos, tan, arcsin, arccos, arctan. π 2 sin π 2, 0 cos π, π 2 < tan < π 2 () ( 2 2 lim 2 ( 2 ) ) 2 = 3 sin (2) lim 5 0 = 2 2 0 0 2 2 3 3 4 5 5 2 5 6 3 5 7 4 5 8 4 9 3 4 a 3 b
% 1% SEM-EDX - X Si Ca SEM-EDX SIMS ppm % M M T 100 % 100 % Ba 1 % 91 % 9 % 9 % 1 % 87 % 13 % 13 % 1 % 64 % 36 % 36 % 1 % 34 46
Review on Hair Analysis in the Wakayama Arsenic Case Jun KAWAI Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan Received 6 December 2014, Revised 29 December
THE INSTITUTE OF ELECTRONICS, INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERS TECHNICAL REPORT OF IEICE.
THE INSTITUTE OF ELECTRONICS, INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERS TECHNICAL REPORT OF IEICE. E-mail: {ytamura,takai,tkato,tm}@vision.kuee.kyoto-u.ac.jp Abstract Current Wave Pattern Analysis for Anomaly
X X 1. 1 X 2 X 195 3, 4 Ungár modified Williamson-Hall/Warren-Averbach 5-7 modified modified Rietveld Convolutional Multiple Whole Profile CMWP 8 CMWP
X X a a b b c Characterization of dislocation evolution during work hardening of stainless steels by using XRD line-profile analysis Tomoaki KATO a, Shigeo SATO a, Yoichi SAITO b, Hidekazu TODOROKI b and
PowerPoint Presentation
2010 KEK (Japan) (Japan) (Japan) Cheoun, Myun -ki Soongsil (Korea) Ryu,, Chung-Yoe Soongsil (Korea) 1. S.Reddy, M.Prakash and J.M. Lattimer, P.R.D58 #013009 (1998) Magnetar : ~ 10 15 G ~ 10 17 19 G (?)
S I. dy fx x fx y fx + C 3 C vt dy fx 4 x, y dy yt gt + Ct + C dt v e kt xt v e kt + C k x v k + C C xt v k 3 r r + dr e kt S Sr πr dt d v } dt k e kt
S I. x yx y y, y,. F x, y, y, y,, y n http://ayapin.film.s.dendai.ac.jp/~matuda n /TeX/lecture.html PDF PS yx.................................... 3.3.................... 9.4................5..............
( ) ,
II 2007 4 0. 0 1 0 2 ( ) 0 3 1 2 3 4, - 5 6 7 1 1 1 1 1) 2) 3) 4) ( ) () H 2.79 10 10 He 2.72 10 9 C 1.01 10 7 N 3.13 10 6 O 2.38 10 7 Ne 3.44 10 6 Mg 1.076 10 6 Si 1 10 6 S 5.15 10 5 Ar 1.01 10 5 Fe 9.00
磁気測定によるオーステンパ ダクタイル鋳鉄の残留オーステナイト定量
33 Non-destructive Measurement of Retained Austenite Content in Austempered Ductile Iron Yoshio Kato, Sen-ichi Yamada, Takayuki Kato, Takeshi Uno Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI) 100kg/mm 2 10 ADI 10 X ADI
news
ETL NEWS 1999.9 ETL NEWS 1999.11 Establishment of an Evaluation Technique for Laser Pulse Timing Fluctuations Optoelectronics Division Hidemi Tsuchida e-mail:tsuchida@etl.go.jp A new technique has been
<4D F736F F D B B83578B6594BB2D834A836F815B82D082C88C60202E646F63>
通信方式第 2 版 サンプルページ この本の定価 判型などは, 以下の URL からご覧いただけます. http://www.morikita.co.jp/books/mid/072662 このサンプルページの内容は, 第 2 版発行当時のものです. i 2 2 2 2012 5 ii,.,,,,,,.,.,,,,,.,,.,,..,,,,.,,.,.,,.,,.. 1990 5 iii 1 1
20 Method for Recognizing Expression Considering Fuzzy Based on Optical Flow
20 Method for Recognizing Expression Considering Fuzzy Based on Optical Flow 1115084 2009 3 5 3.,,,.., HCI(Human Computer Interaction),.,,.,,.,.,,..,. i Abstract Method for Recognizing Expression Considering
2 (March 13, 2010) N Λ a = i,j=1 x i ( d (a) i,j x j ), Λ h = N i,j=1 x i ( d (h) i,j x j ) B a B h B a = N i,j=1 ν i d (a) i,j, B h = x j N i,j=1 ν i
1. A. M. Turing [18] 60 Turing A. Gierer H. Meinhardt [1] : (GM) ) a t = D a a xx µa + ρ (c a2 h + ρ 0 (0 < x < l, t > 0) h t = D h h xx νh + c ρ a 2 (0 < x < l, t > 0) a x = h x = 0 (x = 0, l) a = a(x,
Abstract This paper concerns with a method of dynamic image cognition. Our image cognition method has two distinguished features. One is that the imag
2004 RGB A STUDY OF RGB COLOR INFORMATION AND ITS APPLICATION 03R3237 Abstract This paper concerns with a method of dynamic image cognition. Our image cognition method has two distinguished features. One
42 3 u = (37) MeV/c 2 (3.4) [1] u amu m p m n [1] m H [2] m p = (4) MeV/c 2 = (13) u m n = (4) MeV/c 2 =
![42 3 u = (37) MeV/c 2 (3.4) [1] u amu m p m n [1] m H [2] m p = (4) MeV/c 2 = (13) u m n = (4) MeV/c 2 =](/thumbs/73/68712188.jpg "42 3 u = (37) MeV/c 2 (3.4) [1] u amu m p m n [1] m H [2] m p = (4) MeV/c 2 = (13) u m n = (4) MeV/c 2 =")
3 3.1 3.1.1 kg m s J = kg m 2 s 2 MeV MeV [1] 1MeV=1 6 ev = 1.62 176 462 (63) 1 13 J (3.1) [1] 1MeV/c 2 =1.782 661 731 (7) 1 3 kg (3.2) c =1 MeV (atomic mass unit) 12 C u = 1 12 M(12 C) (3.3) 41 42 3 u
HPC pdf
GPU 1 1 2 2 1 1024 3 GPUGraphics Unit1024 3 GPU GPU GPU GPU 1024 3 Tesla S1070-400 1 GPU 2.6 Accelerating Out-of-core Cone Beam Reconstruction Using GPU Yusuke Okitsu, 1 Fumihiko Ino, 1 Taketo Kishi, 2
positron 1930 Dirac 1933 Anderson m 22Na(hl=2.6years), 58Co(hl=71days), 64Cu(hl=12hour) 68Ge(hl=288days) MeV : thermalization m psec 100
positron 1930 Dirac 1933 Anderson m 22Na(hl=2.6years), 58Co(hl=71days), 64Cu(hl=12hour) 68Ge(hl=288days) 0.5 1.5MeV : thermalization 10 100 m psec 100psec nsec E total = 2mc 2 + E e + + E e Ee+ Ee-c mc
スライド 1
Matsuura Laboratory SiC SiC 13 2004 10 21 22 H-SiC ( C-SiC HOY Matsuura Laboratory n E C E D ( E F E T Matsuura Laboratory Matsuura Laboratory DLTS Osaka Electro-Communication University Unoped n 3C-SiC
1 Kinect for Windows M = [X Y Z] T M = [X Y Z ] T f (u,v) w 3.2 [11] [7] u = f X +u Z 0 δ u (X,Y,Z ) (5) v = f Y Z +v 0 δ v (X,Y,Z ) (6) w = Z +
![1 Kinect for Windows M = [X Y Z] T M = [X Y Z ] T f (u,v) w 3.2 [11] [7] u = f X +u Z 0 δ u (X,Y,Z ) (5) v = f Y Z +v 0 δ v (X,Y,Z ) (6) w = Z +](/thumbs/81/83701592.jpg "1 Kinect for Windows M = [X Y Z] T M = [X Y Z ] T f (u,v) w 3.2 [11] [7] u = f X +u Z 0 δ u (X,Y,Z ) (5) v = f Y Z +v 0 δ v (X,Y,Z ) (6) w = Z +")
3 3D 1,a) 1 1 Kinect (X, Y) 3D 3D 1. 2010 Microsoft Kinect for Windows SDK( (Kinect) SDK ) 3D [1], [2] [3] [4] [5] [10] 30fps [10] 3 Kinect 3 Kinect Kinect for Windows SDK 3 Microsoft 3 Kinect for Windows
1-x x µ (+) +z µ ( ) Co 2p 3d µ = µ (+) µ ( ) W. Grange et al., PRB 58, 6298 (1998). 1.0 0.5 0.0 2 1 XMCD 0-1 -2-3x10-3 7.1 7.2 7.7 7.8 8.3 8.4 up E down ρ + (E) ρ (E) H, M µ f + f E F f + f f + f X L
X CT JASRI / SPring /7/4 1
X CT JASRI / SPring-8 2004/7/4 1 ( )...3...3 ( )...4...15...30 2 ( ) CT q001.img q002.img, d01.img d02.img, output.log q???.img output.log ( ) ImagePro HiPic tiff q001.tif q002.tif, d01.tif d02.tif, output.log
第６２巻 第１号 平成２４年４月／石こうを用いた木材ペレット
Bulletin of Japan Association for Fire Science and Engineering Vol. 62. No. 1 (2012) Development of Two-Dimensional Simple Simulation Model and Evaluation of Discharge Ability for Water Discharge of Firefighting
(a) 1 (b) 3. Gilbert Pernicka[2] Treibitz Schechner[3] Narasimhan [4] Kim [5] Nayar [6] [7][8][9] 2. X X X [10] [11] L L t L s L = L t + L s
![(a) 1 (b) 3. Gilbert Pernicka[2] Treibitz Schechner[3] Narasimhan [4] Kim [5] Nayar [6] [7][8][9] 2. X X X [10] [11] L L t L s L = L t + L s](/thumbs/75/72066128.jpg "(a) 1 (b) 3. Gilbert Pernicka[2] Treibitz Schechner[3] Narasimhan [4] Kim [5] Nayar [6] [7][8][9] 2. X X X [10] [11] L L t L s L = L t + L s")
1 1 1, Extraction of Transmitted Light using Parallel High-frequency Illumination Kenichiro Tanaka 1 Yasuhiro Mukaigawa 1 Yasushi Yagi 1 Abstract: We propose a new sharpening method of transmitted scene
4. C i k = 2 k-means C 1 i, C 2 i 5. C i x i p [ f(θ i ; x) = (2π) p 2 Vi 1 2 exp (x µ ] i) t V 1 i (x µ i ) 2 BIC BIC = 2 log L( ˆθ i ; x i C i ) + q
![4. C i k = 2 k-means C 1 i, C 2 i 5. C i x i p [ f(θ i ; x) = (2π) p 2 Vi 1 2 exp (x µ ] i) t V 1 i (x µ i ) 2 BIC BIC = 2 log L( ˆθ i ; x i C i ) + q](/thumbs/92/110416683.jpg "4. C i k = 2 k-means C 1 i, C 2 i 5. C i x i p [ f(θ i ; x) = (2π) p 2 Vi 1 2 exp (x µ ] i) t V 1 i (x µ i ) 2 BIC BIC = 2 log L( ˆθ i ; x i C i ) + q")
x-means 1 2 2 x-means, x-means k-means Bayesian Information Criterion BIC Watershed x-means Moving Object Extraction Using the Number of Clusters Determined by X-means Clustering Naoki Kubo, 1 Kousuke
Study on Application of the cos a Method to Neutron Stress Measurement Toshihiko SASAKI*3 and Yukio HIROSE Department of Materials Science and Enginee
Study on Application of the cos a Method to Neutron Stress Measurement Toshihiko SASAKI*3 and Yukio HIROSE Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa-shi,
The Physics of Atmospheres CAPTER :
The Physics of Atmospheres CAPTER 4 1 4 2 41 : 2 42 14 43 17 44 25 45 27 46 3 47 31 48 32 49 34 41 35 411 36 maintex 23/11/28 The Physics of Atmospheres CAPTER 4 2 4 41 : 2 1 σ 2 (21) (22) k I = I exp(
9.プレゼン資料（小泉）R1
1 Me-DigIT 2 TRO, TMECH Interesting Readings IJMRCAS, TUFFC The Most 3., etc.. etc.. etc. 4 TRO09 5 J TRO09 The Most Interesting Readings J http://www.learner.org/interactives/renaissance/printing.html
19 σ = P/A o σ B Maximum tensile strength σ % 0.2% proof stress σ EL Elastic limit Work hardening coefficient failure necking σ PL Proportional
19 σ = P/A o σ B Maximum tensile strength σ 0. 0.% 0.% proof stress σ EL Elastic limit Work hardening coefficient failure necking σ PL Proportional limit ε p = 0.% ε e = σ 0. /E plastic strain ε = ε e
Microsoft Excelを用いた分子軌道の描画の実習
J. Comput. Chem. Jpn.,Vol.9, No.4, pp.177 182 (2010) 2010 Society of Computer Chemistry, Japan Microsoft Excel a*, b, c a, 790-8577 2-5 b, 350-0295 1-1 c, 305-8568 1-1-1 *e-mail: nagaoka@ehimegw.dpc.ehime-u.ac.jp
2003/3 Vol. J86 D II No.3 2.3. 4. 5. 6. 2. 1 1 Fig. 1 An exterior view of eye scanner. CCD [7] 640 480 1 CCD PC USB PC 2 334 PC USB RS-232C PC 3 2.1 2
![2003/3 Vol. J86 D II No.3 2.3. 4. 5. 6. 2. 1 1 Fig. 1 An exterior view of eye scanner. CCD [7] 640 480 1 CCD PC USB PC 2 334 PC USB RS-232C PC 3 2.1 2](/thumbs/42/22941906.jpg "2003/3 Vol. J86 D II No.3 2.3. 4. 5. 6. 2. 1 1 Fig. 1 An exterior view of eye scanner. CCD [7] 640 480 1 CCD PC USB PC 2 334 PC USB RS-232C PC 3 2.1 2")
Curved Document Imaging with Eye Scanner Toshiyuki AMANO, Tsutomu ABE, Osamu NISHIKAWA, Tetsuo IYODA, and Yukio SATO 1. Shape From Shading SFS [1] [2] 3 2 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,
Gmech08.dvi
51 5 5.1 5.1.1 P r P z θ P P P z e r e, z ) r, θ, ) 5.1 z r e θ,, z r, θ, = r sin θ cos = r sin θ sin 5.1) e θ e z = r cos θ r, θ, 5.1: 0 r
i
i ii 1 6 9 12 15 16 19 19 19 21 21 22 22 23 26 32 34 35 36 3 37 5 5 4 4 5 iii 4 55 55 59 59 7 7 8 8 9 9 10 10 1 11 iv ozein Van Marum 1801 Cruiokshank Marum 1840 Schonbein 3 / atm 1 N 1892 50 1960 1970
W 1983 W ± Z cm 10 cm 50 MeV TAC - ADC ADC [ (µs)] = [] (2.08 ± 0.36) 10 6 s 3 χ µ + µ 8 = (1.20 ± 0.1) 10 5 (Ge
![W 1983 W ± Z cm 10 cm 50 MeV TAC - ADC ADC [ (µs)] = [] (2.08 ± 0.36) 10 6 s 3 χ µ + µ 8 = (1.20 ± 0.1) 10 5 (Ge](/thumbs/91/105929864.jpg "W 1983 W ± Z cm 10 cm 50 MeV TAC - ADC ADC [ (µs)] = [] (2.08 ± 0.36) 10 6 s 3 χ µ + µ 8 = (1.20 ± 0.1) 10 5 (Ge")
22 2 24 W 1983 W ± Z 0 3 10 cm 10 cm 50 MeV TAC - ADC 65000 18 ADC [ (µs)] = 0.0207[] 0.0151 (2.08 ± 0.36) 10 6 s 3 χ 2 2 1 20 µ + µ 8 = (1.20 ± 0.1) 10 5 (GeV) 2 G µ ( hc) 3 1 1 7 1.1.............................
QMI_10.dvi
... black body radiation black body black body radiation Gustav Kirchhoff 859 895 W. Wien O.R. Lummer cavity radiation ν ν +dν f T (ν) f T (ν)dν = 8πν2 c 3 kt dν (Rayleigh Jeans) (.) f T (ν) spectral energy
note1.dvi
(1) 1996 11 7 1 (1) 1. 1 dx dy d x τ xx x x, stress x + dx x τ xx x+dx dyd x x τ xx x dyd y τ xx x τ xx x+dx d dx y x dy 1. dx dy d x τ xy x τ x ρdxdyd x dx dy d ρdxdyd u x t = τ xx x+dx dyd τ xx x dyd
撮 影
DC cathode ray tube, 2.2 log log log + log log / / / A method determining tone conversion characteristics of digital still camera from two pictorial images Tone conversion characteristic Luminance
Z: Q: R: C: sin 6 5 ζ a, b
Z: Q: R: C: 3 3 7 4 sin 6 5 ζ 9 6 6............................... 6............................... 6.3......................... 4 7 6 8 8 9 3 33 a, b a bc c b a a b 5 3 5 3 5 5 3 a a a a p > p p p, 3,
64 3 g=9.85 m/s 2 g=9.791 m/s 2 36, km ( ) 1 () 2 () m/s : : a) b) kg/m kg/m k
63 3 Section 3.1 g 3.1 3.1: : 64 3 g=9.85 m/s 2 g=9.791 m/s 2 36, km ( ) 1 () 2 () 3 9.8 m/s 2 3.2 3.2: : a) b) 5 15 4 1 1. 1 3 14. 1 3 kg/m 3 2 3.3 1 3 5.8 1 3 kg/m 3 3 2.65 1 3 kg/m 3 4 6 m 3.1. 65 5
(1) (2) (3) (4) 1
8 3 4 3.................................... 3........................ 6.3 B [, ].......................... 8.4........................... 9........................................... 9.................................
http://www.ike-dyn.ritsumei.ac.jp/ hyoo/wave.html 1 1, 5 3 1.1 1..................................... 3 1.2 5.1................................... 4 1.3.......................... 5 1.4 5.2, 5.3....................
S I. dy fx x fx y fx + C 3 C dy fx 4 x, y dy v C xt y C v e kt k > xt yt gt [ v dt dt v e kt xt v e kt + C k x v + C C k xt v k 3 r r + dr e kt S dt d
S I.. http://ayapin.film.s.dendai.ac.jp/~matuda /TeX/lecture.html PDF PS.................................... 3.3.................... 9.4................5.............. 3 5. Laplace................. 5....
1) Tatelman M: The angiographic evaluation of cerebral arteriosclerosis. Radiology 70: 801-810, 1958. 2) Elkeles A: A comparative study of calcified 8) Limpert JD, Vogelzang RL, Yao JST: Computed tomography
untitled
48 B 17 4 Annuals of Disas. Prev. Res. Inst., Kyoto Univ., No. 48 B, 2005 (CO 2 ) (2003) Sim-CYCLE(Ito and Oikawa, 2000) CO 2 CO 2 Figure 1 CO 2 0 (Denning et al., 1995) CO 2 (2004) Sim-CYCLE CO 2 CO 2
(3.6 ) (4.6 ) 2. [3], [6], [12] [7] [2], [5], [11] [14] [9] [8] [10] (1) Voodoo 3 : 3 Voodoo[1] 3 ( 3D ) (2) : Voodoo 3D (3) : 3D (Welc
![(3.6 ) (4.6 ) 2. [3], [6], [12] [7] [2], [5], [11] [14] [9] [8] [10] (1) Voodoo 3 : 3 Voodoo[1] 3 ( 3D ) (2) : Voodoo 3D (3) : 3D (Welc](/thumbs/65/54056306.jpg "(3.6 ) (4.6 ) 2. [3], [6], [12] [7] [2], [5], [11] [14] [9] [8] [10] (1) Voodoo 3 : 3 Voodoo[1] 3 ( 3D ) (2) : Voodoo 3D (3) : 3D (Welc")
1,a) 1,b) Obstacle Detection from Monocular On-Vehicle Camera in units of Delaunay Triangles Abstract: An algorithm to detect obstacles by using a monocular on-vehicle video camera is developed. Since
07_学術.indd
Arts and Sciences computed radiography CRpresampled MTF Measurement of presampled MTFs with computed radiography (CR) by contrast method using smoothed square-wave. 1 16813 1, 2 1 1 1 2 Key words: contrast
TOP URL 1
TOP URL http://amonphys.web.fc.com/ 1 19 3 19.1................... 3 19.............................. 4 19.3............................... 6 19.4.............................. 8 19.5.............................
42 1 Fig. 2. Li 2 B 4 O 7 crystals with 3inches and 4inches in diameter. Fig. 4. Transmission curve of Li 2 B 4 O 7 crystal. Fig. 5. Refractive index
MEMOIRS OF SHONAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Vol. 42, No. 1, 2008 Li 2 B 4 O 7 (LBO) *, ** * ** ** Optical Scatterer and Crystal Growth Technology of LBO Single Crystal For Development with Optical Application
) ] [ h m x + y + + V x) φ = Eφ 1) z E = i h t 13) x << 1) N n n= = N N + 1) 14) N n n= = N N + 1)N + 1) 6 15) N n 3 n= = 1 4 N N + 1) 16) N n 4
![) ] [ h m x + y + + V x) φ = Eφ 1) z E = i h t 13) x << 1) N n n= = N N + 1) 14) N n n= = N N + 1)N + 1) 6 15) N n 3 n= = 1 4 N N + 1) 16) N n 4](/thumbs/92/107866707.jpg ") ] [ h m x + y + + V x) φ = Eφ 1) z E = i h t 13) x << 1) N n n= = N N + 1) 14) N n n= = N N + 1)N + 1) 6 15) N n 3 n= = 1 4 N N + 1) 16) N n 4")
1. k λ ν ω T v p v g k = π λ ω = πν = π T v p = λν = ω k v g = dω dk 1) ) 3) 4). p = hk = h λ 5) E = hν = hω 6) h = h π 7) h =6.6618 1 34 J sec) hc=197.3 MeV fm = 197.3 kev pm= 197.3 ev nm = 1.97 1 3 ev
Terahertz Color Scanner Takeshi YASUI Terahertz THz spectroscopic imaging is an interesting new tool for nondestructive testing, security screening, b
Terahertz Color Scanner Takeshi YASUI Terahertz THz spectroscopic imaging is an interesting new tool for nondestructive testing, security screening, biological imaging, and other applications because of
258 5) GPS 1 GPS 6) GPS DP 7) 8) 10) GPS GPS 2 3 4 5 2. 2.1 3 1) GPS Global Positioning System
Vol. 52 No. 1 257 268 (Jan. 2011) 1 2, 1 1 measurement. In this paper, a dynamic road map making system is proposed. The proposition system uses probe-cars which has an in-vehicle camera and a GPS receiver.
R927清水信彦様.indd
Special Issue CFRP 455-8502 9 1 Development Status of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics Nobuhiko SHIMIZU Automotive Center, Toray Industries, Inc., 9-1 Oe-cho, Minato-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 455-8502 Received
IPSJ SIG Technical Report Vol.2017-ARC-225 No.12 Vol.2017-SLDM-179 No.12 Vol.2017-EMB-44 No /3/9 1 1 RTOS DefensiveZone DefensiveZone MPU RTOS
1 1 RTOS DefensiveZone DefensiveZone MPU RTOS RTOS OS Lightweight partitioning architecture for automotive systems Suzuki Takehito 1 Honda Shinya 1 Abstract: Partitioning using protection RTOS has high
A Feasibility Study of Direct-Mapping-Type Parallel Processing Method to Solve Linear Equations in Load Flow Calculations Hiroaki Inayoshi, Non-member
A Feasibility Study of Direct-Mapping-Type Parallel Processing Method to Solve Linear Equations in Load Flow Calculations Hiroaki Inayoshi, Non-member (University of Tsukuba), Yasuharu Ohsawa, Member (Kobe
yasi10.dvi
2002 50 2 259 278 c 2002 1 2 2002 2 14 2002 6 17 73 PML 1. 1997 1998 Swiss Re 2001 Canabarro et al. 1998 2001 1 : 651 0073 1 5 1 IHD 3 2 110 0015 3 3 3 260 50 2 2002, 2. 1 1 2 10 1 1. 261 1. 3. 3.1 2 1
SEJulyMs更新V7
1 2 ( ) Quantitative Characteristics of Software Process (Is There any Myth, Mystery or Anomaly? No Silver Bullet?) Zenya Koono and Hui Chen A process creates a product. This paper reviews various samples
43433 8 3 . Stochastic exponentials...................................... 3. Girsanov s theorem......................................... 4 On the martingale property of stochastic exponentials 5. Gronwall
, vol.43, no.2, pp.71 77, Simultaneous Measurement of Film Thickness and Surface Profile of Film-Covered Objects by Using White-Light Interfer
, vol.43, no.2, pp.71 77, 2007. 1 Simultaneous Measurement of Film Thickness and Surface Profile of Film-Covered Objects by Using White-Light Interferometry 1 2 3 1 3 1 ( ) 1-1-45 2 ( ) 1 3 2-12-1 sugi@cs.titech.ac.jp
陽電子科学 第4号 (2015) 3-8
4 (2015) 3 8 Japanese Positron Science Society Positron annihilation age momentum correlation (AMOC) measurement Abstract: Positron annihilation Age-MOmentum Correlation (AMOC) measurement is the coincidence
1 1 1 1-1 1 1-9 1-3 1-1 13-17 -3 6-4 6 3 3-1 35 3-37 3-3 38 4 4-1 39 4- Fe C TEM 41 4-3 C TEM 44 4-4 Fe TEM 46 4-5 5 4-6 5 5 51 6 5 1 1-1 1991 1,1 multiwall nanotube 1993 singlewall nanotube ( 1,) sp 7.4eV
７章 構造物の応答値の算定
(1) 2 (2) 5.4 5.8.4 2 5.2 (3) 1.8 1) 36 2) PS 3) N N PS 37 10 20m N G hg h PS N (1) G h G/G 0 h 3 1) G 0 PS PS 38 N V s G 0 40% Gh 1 S 0.11% G/G 0 h G/G 0 h H-D 2),3) R-O 4) 5),6),7) τ G 0 γ = 0 r 1 (
IR0036_62-3.indb
62 3 2016 253 272 1921 25 : 27 8 19 : 28 6 3 1921 25 1921 25 1952 27 1954 291960 35 1921 25 Ⅰ 0 5 1 5 10 14 21 25 34 36 59 61 6 8 9 11 12 16 1921 25 4 8 1 5 254 62 3 2016 1 1938.8 1926 30 1938.6.23 1939.9
Bethe-Bloch Bethe-Bloch (stopping range) Bethe-Bloch FNAL (Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory) - (SciBooNE ) SciBooNE Bethe-Bloch FNAL - (SciBooNE
21 2 27 Bethe-Bloch Bethe-Bloch (stopping range) Bethe-Bloch FNAL (Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory) - (SciBooNE ) SciBooNE Bethe-Bloch FNAL - (SciBooNE ) Bethe-Bloch 1 0.1..............................
光学
Fundamentals of Projector-Camera Systems and Their Calibration Methods Takayuki OKATANI To make the images projected by projector s appear as desired, it is e ective and sometimes an only choice to capture
obtained for the liniarization, and was found to have a remarkably wider dynamic range (order of approximately 103) than that of conventional screen/f
II Resolution Property in a Digital Radiography with Photostimulable Phosphors II. Measurements of Digital Characteristic Curve and Presampling MTF Hiroshi FUJITA, Katsuhiko UEDA, Tsuyoshi FUJIKAWA and
IPSJ SIG Technical Report Vol.2014-EIP-63 No /2/21 1,a) Wi-Fi Probe Request MAC MAC Probe Request MAC A dynamic ads control based on tra
1,a) 1 1 2 1 Wi-Fi Probe Request MAC MAC Probe Request MAC A dynamic ads control based on traffic Abstract: The equipment with Wi-Fi communication function such as a smart phone which are send on a regular
(ii) (iii) z a = z a =2 z a =6 sin z z a dz. cosh z z a dz. e z dz. (, a b > 6.) (z a)(z b) 52.. (a) dz, ( a = /6.), (b) z =6 az (c) z a =2 53. f n (z
B 4 24 7 9 ( ) :,..,,.,. 4 4. f(z): D C: D a C, 2πi C f(z) dz = f(a). z a a C, ( ). (ii), a D, a U a,r D f. f(z) = A n (z a) n, z U a,r, n= A n := 2πi C f(ζ) dζ, n =,,..., (ζ a) n+, C a D. (iii) U a,r
放射線化学, 92, 39 (2011)
V. M. S. V. 1 Contents of the lecture note by Prof. V. M. Byakov and Dr. S. V. Stepanov (Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Russia) are described in a series of articles. The first article
05Mar2001_tune.dvi
2001 3 5 COD 1 1.1 u d2 u + ku =0 (1) dt2 u = a exp(pt) (2) p = ± k (3) k>0k = ω 2 exp(±iωt) (4) k
untitled
3 4 4 2.1 4 2.2 5 2.3 6 6 7 4.1 RC 7 4.2 RC 8 4.3 9 10 5.1 10 5.2 10 11 12 13-1 - Bond Behavior Between Corroded Rebar and Concrete Ema KATO* Mitsuyasu IWANAMI** Hiroshi YOKOTA*** Hajime ITO**** Fuminori
IPSJ SIG Technical Report 1, Instrument Separation in Reverberant Environments Using Crystal Microphone Arrays Nobutaka ITO, 1, 2 Yu KITANO, 1
1, 2 1 1 1 Instrument Separation in Reverberant Environments Using Crystal Microphone Arrays Nobutaka ITO, 1, 2 Yu KITANO, 1 Nobutaka ONO 1 and Shigeki SAGAYAMA 1 This paper deals with instrument separation
Gmech08.dvi
145 13 13.1 13.1.1 0 m mg S 13.1 F 13.1 F /m S F F 13.1 F mg S F F mg 13.1: m d2 r 2 = F + F = 0 (13.1) 146 13 F = F (13.2) S S S S S P r S P r r = r 0 + r (13.3) r 0 S S m d2 r 2 = F (13.4) (13.3) d 2
1 Fourier Fourier Fourier Fourier Fourier Fourier Fourier Fourier Fourier analog digital Fourier Fourier Fourier Fourier Fourier Fourier Green Fourier
Fourier Fourier Fourier etc * 1 Fourier Fourier Fourier (DFT Fourier (FFT Heat Equation, Fourier Series, Fourier Transform, Discrete Fourier Transform, etc Yoshifumi TAKEDA 1 Abstract Suppose that u is
Fig. 4. Configuration of fatigue test specimen. Table I. Mechanical property of test materials. Table II. Full scale fatigue test conditions and test
(J. Soc. Mat. Sci., Japan), Vol. 52, No. 11, pp. 1351-1356, Nov. 2003 Fatigue Life Prediction of Coiled Tubing by Takanori KATO*, Miyuki YAMAMOTO*, Isao SAWAGUCHI** and Tetsuo YONEZAWA*** Coiled tubings,