Public Private PartnershipPPP PPP TEN-T TENTEN-T Transport 2000 TEN-T 93 EU 96 TEN-T 98 TEN-T EU TINA Transport Infrastructure Needs Assessment

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1 EU EU Cohesion Fund PHARE 3 KONO, Kenichi EU EU 1999 EMU EU 2003 EU EU EU TEN EU Trans European Network TEN 3 EUEU EIB TENEU EU EU 3 TEN EU ,500 ECU ECU EU TEN EU EU EU EU TEN EU EU 46 TEN TEN 4,000 5,000 EU EU TEN 020 Vol.4 No Autumn

2 Public Private PartnershipPPP PPP TEN-T TENTEN-T Transport 2000 TEN-T 93 EU 96 TEN-T 98 TEN-T EU TINA Transport Infrastructure Needs Assessment TINA ,030km 20,290km TEN-T PBCAL EU EU EU EU EU TEN-T EU 1.3 EU EU Cohesion Fund EU PHARE ISPA Cohesion Fund EU 1 GDP EU90 4 grant EU ECU EU ,500 EU PHARE ISPA PHARE EU Vol.4 No Autumn 021

3 90 EUEU Agenda 2000 PHARE ISPA PHARE SAPARD 3 SAPARD ISPA PHARE 2 ISPA Instrument for Structural Policies for Pre-Accession Cohesion Fund PHARE ISPA PHARE PHARE SAPARD EU 1 GDP 3 1 EU 3 2 Cohesion Fund PHARE ISPA Cohesion Fund PHARE ISPA EU Cohesion Fund PHARE 2000 ISPA 2 EU 2.1 Eleftherios Venizelos Airport Hellenikon 3, Athens International Airport SAAIA AIA 2 5, Hochtief km Spata 1920 Venizelos 16km Vol.4 No Autumn

4 Phase-11 Phase-6 Phase-1 1,600 Phase-6 5, Rafina 2.4 EU ,000 DMAIA 2 5,000 DM EU3 2 AIA 22 EU Cohesion Fund EIB 58.5 DM Vol.4 No Autumn 023

5 EU EU 1 2 PPP AIAAIA 35 concession concessioneu EU concession 2.5 EU George Ganotis EUEC EU Thanos Veremis 90 EU EU EU EU EU 16 Cohesion Fund German Granda EU EU TEN-T 2.6 AIA 1 AIA , AIA 1,200 concession EU PPP 3 EU 3.1 EU , 024 Vol.4 No Autumn

6 1 ISAP 26km , km 2004 Ag.Antonios Pireas Monastiraki Dafni Attiki Kifissia Omonia Syntagma Ethniki Amyna Ag. Antonios Dafini10.6km Monastiraki Ethniki Amyna 7.6km8 18.2km11.7km 6 1 1, , / 1 1,000 / 1991 Attiko Metro SA AM AM AM AM Olympic Metro Consortium. OMC OMC 22 Siemens TBM 260 m 3 2 AM AM 6 9,000m 2 20m Vol.4 No Autumn 025

7 TBM EU , EU Cohesion Fund 50 EIB EU EU EU 3.4 EU 16 German GrandaEU 5 1 EU 2 3 EU EU 4 EU inter-modal connection 5 EU , AM 2 PR PR EU EU inter-modal connection EU 026 Vol.4 No Autumn

8 3.5 EU Cohesion Fund 10 EU Cohesion Fund EIB EU EU EU 3 TEN EU EU Roma Berlin Praha Wien Beograd Skopic Warszawa Bodapest Igoumenitsa (PATHE) Patmi Sofiya Athinai Kiev Black Sea Ormenio Istanbul Thessaloniki Egnatia Via Egnatia 21 Igoumenitsa Ormenio 687km TEN-T EU EU 4 EU GDP EU km Vol.4 No Autumn 027

9 10 5,000km 6,800km motorway 550kmexpressway 69km 619km 9 1,000km 2 km EU 90 EU EU 7 EU , NATO NATO EU M1 M3 M Vol.4 No Autumn

10 EU EU EU 90 EU TEN-T EU European Transport Corridor. ETC ETC ETC 10 4 EU Cohesion Fund PHARE ETC EU EU TEN ETC EU 2 7cross-border MW EWMW/EW Network MW 1,970km EW 1,680km 3,650km , M70 MIS M7 M1 M7 M56 M6 M0 M3 M30 M2 M5 M5 M43 M3 Vol.4 No Autumn 029

11 1 M3 M5 2 M7 EWMW 3 EW43 EW35 MW 4 M6 M56 MW 5 M70 EW MW 6M3 M5 M2 MW km 690km Ministry for Transport, Communication and Water Management NMC Ltd NMC HDB NMC 4 NMC 12,750 HF NMC EU Mixed Financing System MFS NMC NMC HDB 2 concession concessionm1 1km 8 10HF EU PHARE IPSA EIBEBRD EU 99 9 M3 M5 M240km EU PHARE 1,100 EIB 4, EU EU 2000 EU TEN-T ETC EU 1 EU Vol.4 No Autumn

12 Vol.4 No Autumn km GDP M1 concession 2000 M1 3 EU MAV ETC EU MAV 12 3, km MAV MAV MAV 5EU EU fusion 2003 EU TEN-T EU 3 TEN-T EU EU EU EU EU EU

13 1999EU Cohesion Fund 2006 PHARE EU EU EU EU EU acquis communautaire EU Cohesion Fund ISPA 3,860 EU 1 EU 16DG XVI. German Granda Brendan Smyth ISPA Marco Orani 1ADGIA. Stephane Mechati 2 George Ganotis Athens International Airport SA Banbos Christodoulou Claudius Schweickert Attico Metro SA George Nellas Hellenic Foundation Thanos Veremis 3 EU Michael Lake Alain Bothorel Zoltán Kazatsay Endre Gelecsér Vilmos Both Csaba Lorincz Erik Baktai NATO Gyôzô Kenéz András Balogh András Inotai Lajos Pietsch Magyar Nemzet How have the EU's Cohesion Fund, PHARE and its successor ISPA been contributing to the betterment of transport infrastructure? The EU's Cohesion Fund, PHARE and its successor ISPA have been playing a vital role in promoting integration process through assisting betterment of transport infrastructure in the Member States and the Candidate Countries respectively. In order to assess their actual functioning and contribution to the regional development, I looked into three projects supported by the above-mentioned schemes; construction of a new airport and two underground railway lines in Athens and improvement of road network in Hungary. Key Words ; Cohesion Fund, PHARE, ISPA, TEN-T, PPP, fusion 032 Vol.4 No Autumn

1993 3 Trans European Networks TENs TENs 90 TENs TEN T 1997 TEN T TEN T 1994 12 14 3 CEC, 1993 4 TEN T 14 2010 TEN T 1996TEN T Pan-European Transport

1993 3 Trans European Networks TENs TENs 90 TENs TEN T 1997 TEN T TEN T 1994 12 14 3 CEC, 1993 4 TEN T 14 2010 TEN T 1996TEN T Pan-European Transport 1 SFC 1990 2 EU 1990EU 1 2 3 4 5 6 URL 1 1177 7, kgw@sfc.keio.ac.jp 2 1990EU EU 121 1993 3 Trans European Networks TENs TENs 90 TENs TEN T 1997 TEN T TEN T 1994 12 14 3 CEC, 1993 4 TEN T 14 2010 TEN T

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