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4 Fig. 1 Population changes in the wards of Tokyo: and

5 Fig. 2 Relationships between in-migration ratios and population increase rates of small areas: , the word of Tokyo

6 Table 1 Relationships between dominant type of land use in th mid-1990s and population changes from 1995 to 2000 in the central area of Tokyo

7 Fig. 3 Relationships between improvement of acce ssibility to transportation and population increase: , the central area of Tokyo Fig. 4 Residential land prices and their decrease rate in the central area of Tokyo:

8 Fig. 5 Estimated population increase rates by 5-year age cohorts for each small area classified by pop ulation increase rate: , the central area of Tokyo

9 Table 2 Changes in population and households according to family type and socioeconomic categories by areas classified by population increase rate: , the central area of Tokyo

10 Fig. 6 Estimated population increase rates of 5-year age cohorts for areas with 10% or higher population increase: , four typical districts

11 Table 3 Changes in population and households according to family type and socioeconomic categories for areas with 10% or higher population increase: , four typical districts

12 Table 4 Family type and socioeconomic composition of population for areas with 10% or higher population increase : , four typical districts

13 Fig. 7 Places of residence five years ago of in-mi grants to areas with 10% or higher popula tion increase: 2000, four typical districts

14 Table 5 Residential choices of households contributing to recovery in population: , the central area of Tokyo

19 Geographical Review of Japan Recovery and Changes in the Socioeconomic Composition of Population in the Central Area of Tokyo during the Period from 1995 to 2000: Analysis of Small-area Census Data MIYAZAWA Hitoshi* and ABE Takashi** (*Institute of Geography, Tohoku University, **Faculty of Integrated Arts and Social Sciences, Japan Women's University) Population recovery in the central area of major Japanese cities such as Tokyo, Osaka, Nagoya, and Fukuoka has become marked since the mid-1990s. Although this phenomenon has been verified through quantitative analysis, there have been very few studies on small-area changes in population characteristics in central areas. Clarifying the characteristics of the residents contributing to this recovery and their residential differentiation is expected to brighten the prospects of geographic studies on the recent restructuring of urban society. This article has, therefore, two purposes: 1) to analyze changes in population composition in central areas of Tokyo from 1995 to 2000 based on small-area census data; and 2) to examine the characteristics and residential differentiation of residents who have contributed to the population recovery. The results are summarized as follows. During the late 1990s, the population largely increased from southeast to southwest in the central Tokyo. The areas that experienced a population increase of 10% or greater were characterized by 1) prime location based on the quality of the neighborhood and housing, 2) prevailing nonresidential land use in the mid-1990s, and 3) increased proximity to the nearest station through the opening of a new railroad line. A substantial increase in the number of owner-occupiers of apartments, one-person households, married couples without children in their 30s, and college-educated white-collar workers was noted. However, there was also an increase in the number of households living in rented apartments and two-generation families. The amount of increase for the combination of lower white-collar workers, such as clerical workers, and gray-collar workers, such as sales and service workers, was greater than the amount of increase for upper white-collar workers such as professional and technical workers. The residents who contributed to the population recovery of the central area of Tokyo were not limited to a specific group. Rather, their residential areas and housing were differentiated along economic power and lifestyle lines. The migrants to the areas in the Koto area that experienced a population increase, which are characterized by a large supply of new and relatively modestly priced condominiums and easy access to the central area of Tokyo, mainly consist of households living in condominiums, are headed by fathers in their 30s and with children aged under 10 years, and belong to relatively lower job classes. Most of the households living in public-sector housing are similar in terms of household categories. In contrast, the migrants to the areas along the right bank of the Sumida River and the 911

20 Jonan-Josei areas that experienced population increases and are characterized by relatively higher housing costs include many one-person households and DINKs (Double Income No Kids) in their 20s to early 40s, living in owned or rented apartments, and employed in relatively higher job classes. In addition, people in their 50s and 60s have migrated to the right bank areas of the Sumida River, attracted by the accessibility of central areas and the fine landscapes of the bay area. In the late 1990s, due to the supply of a diversified range of housing in terms of affordability, residents in the central area of Tokyo were not limited to a specific group. Residential differentiation linked to economic power and lifestyles occurred, leading to an increase in the differentiation of population characteristics in the central area of Tokyo during the recent population recovery process. The various phenomena and social issues that have arisen owing to this increase in residential differentiation will be topics of interest for future studies. Key words: population recovery, housing affordability, residential choice, small-area census data, central area of Tokyo 912

remained dispersedly in the surrounding CBD areas. However, few hotels were located in the core of Sendai's CBD near the station because this area had

remained dispersedly in the surrounding CBD areas. However, few hotels were located in the core of Sendai's CBD near the station because this area had Journal of Geography 105(5) 613-628 1996 Locational Characteristics of Lodging Facilities in Sendai City Koumei MATSUMURA * Abstract The objective of this study is to examine the centrality of Sendai City