29.5 m, 7.km ( 1992) m 4cm ( 5 cm) Fig.1 Fig. 1 Nishina Three Lakes and sampling points (modified from Saijo (1) m 1.86 km 2 62 m, 6.1

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1 ( 原著論文 ) 信州大学環境科学年報号 (8) PAHs Distribution in the Sediments from Nishina Three Lakes, Nagano Prefecture, Japan. Men, YaLi, Mizumoto, K., Hattori, M. and Fukushima, K. (Faculty of Science, Shinshu University) Key Words: Nishina Three Lakes, sediments, PAHs, Atmospheric pollutants cm ; 1983 Table 1 (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, PAHs 1983 Yunker and Macdonald, 3) Table 1 Nishina Three Lakes Aoki Nakatsuna Kizaki Surface Area (km 2 ) Volume ( 6 m 3 ) Max. Depth (m) Mean Depth (m) Residence (day) Altitude (m) Catchment (km 2 )* Population** * Catchments of individual Lakes ** Population (capita) in. -4-

2 29.5 m, 7.km ( 1992) m 4cm ( 5 cm) Fig.1 Fig. 1 Nishina Three Lakes and sampling points (modified from Saijo (1) m 1.86 km 2 62 m, 6.15km PAHs (4) 25 m 1954 m Arai, m 29cm 815m.14km 2 12 m 1.5km ( 1992) m 35cm 764m 1.4 km cm - CN (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons : PAHs) CN 4M.5-1g (6:4) GC GC-MS ml 5%.5M 3.5ml 4 n- (9:1) 5ml ml n- (9:1)ml 3 5% n- 5:1 n- n- (5:1) 3 4 MT-5 GC HP589 Series II GC-MS -41-

3 HP689GC-5973MSD GC GC-MS J&W DB-5 DB-5MS.32mm m.25μm GC-MS fluorene coronene Parent PAHs phenanthrene FID PAHs 12 phenanthrene fluoranthene pyrene chrysene benzofluoranthenes b, j, k 3 benz(e)pyrene benz(a)pyrene perylene indeno[cd]pyrene benzo[ghi]perylene perylene GC Figs. 4 5 n-c 24 D 5 FID 3 4 PAHs FID n-c 24 D PAHs 1/ (Fig.1) 1954 Arai, 1 21m Fig cm cm 23-27cm / Fig.3 / / (4) mm/ mm/ mm/ (4) 25 m 1.8 mm 2.3 mm/ 1.8 mm/ 4 (4) cm 9-16 cm 7-12cm mm/ 3.2 mm/ 2-3 mm/ Adhikari and Kumon (1) 25- cm, mm/ cm mm/ Ogura et al. (1993) -42-

4 5-6 mm/ 3 mm/ 2-3 mm/ L. Aoki L. Nakatsuna L. Kizaki % % % Fig. 2 Water Contents (%) of the sediment cores from Nishina Three Lakes. L. Aoki L. Nakatsuna L. Kizaki TOC (%) TOC/TN Fig. 3 Vertical variation of total organic carbon (TOC) and TOC/N atomic ratio Fig. 4 Fig.5 3-4cm cm n-alkanes -43-

5 acyclic isoprenoids steroids hopanoids Parent PAHs Laflamme and Hites,1979; Hites et al.,198; Wakeham, 198; Tan and Heit, 1981 phenanthrene chrysene Fig. 5 OHC THC OHC THC perylene perylene Parent PAHs Müller et al., 1977;, 1983; Norton 1986 Fernandez et al., ) Perylene 12 Parent PAHs Fig.6 PAHs 9-17cm cm cm cm 8-9cm 15-16cm 2 8-9cm 2,5 ng/g 13-14cm 3,8 ng/g 9- cm cm cm cm 2,77 ng/g 8-1,8 ng/g PAHs accumulation rate PAHs 1, 3, ng/g GC GC-MS LC 1,5 ng/g , ng/g ( 3; 5) 1, ng/g RIC 17 phytane is squalene 27 cholesta-3,5-diene ergosta-4,6,22-triene hop-17(21)-ene 31 Hop-22(29)-ene 33 Retention Time (min) Fig.4 A GC Is: trace internal of aliphatic standard hydrocarbons n-c 24 D 5 ; numerals from are L. Kizaki carbon-number sediment of (Depth n-alkanes 3-4cm) Fig.4 A GC trace of aliphatic hydrocarbons from L.Kizaki sediment (Depth 3-4 cm) -44-

6 Ferenandez et al. (1999) 13,-18, ng/g PAHs (Fernandez et al., ) is + THC OHC Fig. 5 A GC trace of aromatic hydrocarbons from Lake Kizaki sediment (13-14cm) Retention time (min) Is: internal standard n-c 24 D 5 ; OHC and THC are octahydro- and tetrahydrochrysenes Fig. 5 A GC trace of the aromatic hydrocarbons from Lake Kizaki sediment (13-14 cm) L. Aoki L. Nakatsuna L. Kizaki ng/g ng/g ng/g 4 Except perylene Fig. 6 Vertical variations of the PAHs concentration (except perylene) in the Nishina Three Lake sediments. -45-

7 PAHs Fig.7 Fig.7 (-1cm) PAHs Fernandez et al., PAHs PAHs Fig UCM (Unresolved Complex Mixture of hydrocarbons) UCM L. Aoki L.Nakatsuna L. Kizaki % % % 8% 6% 4% % % Composition (%) 8% 6% 4% % 8% 6% 4% % 6-ring 5-ring 4-ring 3-ring % % Fig. 7 Ring-number compositions of PAHs in Nishina Three Lake sediments 4. Adhikari, D.P. and Kumon, F. (1) Climatic changs during the past years as deduced from the sediments of Lake Nakatsuna, central Japan. Limnology, 2, Arai, T. (1) In: Lake Kizaki (ed. by Y. Saijo and T. Hayashi), Chapter 4, pp.45-51, Buckhuys. Publ. Fernandez, P., Vilanova, R.A. and Grimalt, J.O. (1999) Sediment fluxes of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in European high altitude mountain lakes. Environ. Sci. Technol., 33, Fernandez, P., Vilanova, R.M., Martinez, C., Appleby, P. and Grimalt, J.O. () Historical record of atmospheric pyrolytic pollution over Europe registered in the sedimentary PAH from remote mountain lakes. Environ. Sci. Technol., 34, (4) 25 (1983) 17, (3) Hites, R.A., Laflamme, R.E. and Windsor Jr., J.G. (198) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in an -46-

8 anoxic sediment core from the Pettaquamscutt River (Rhode Island, U.S.A) Geochim. Cosmochim Acta, 44, Laflamme, R.E. and Hites, R.A. (1979) Tetra- and pentacyclic, naturally occurring aromatic hydrocarbons in recent sediments. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 43, (1977) 11, Müller, G., Grimmer, G. and Böhnke, H. (1977) Sedimentary record of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Lake Constance. Naturwissenschaften, 64, Norton, S. N. (1986) A review of the chemical record in lake sediment of energy related air pullution and its effects on lakes. Water, Air and Soil Pollution,, Ogura, K., Inoue, Y., Ochiai, M., Watanabe, Y., Nakamura, T., Tanizaki, Y., Saijo, Y. and Hayashi, H. (1993) History of lake Kizaki, Japan during the past years. Relationship between diatomas and lipid compounds in sediments. Verh. Ineternat. Verein. Limnol., 25, Saijo, Y. (1) In: Lake Kizaki (ed. by Y. Saijo and T. Hayashi), Chapter 1, pp.3-11., Buckhuys Publ. 5 Tan, Y.L. and Heit, M. (1981) Biogenic and abiogenic polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments from two remote Addirondack lakes. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 45, (1992) Wakeham (198) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Recent lake sediments-ii. Compounds derived from biogenic precursors during early diagenesis. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 44, (1983) 17, Yunker, M.B. and Macdonald, R.W. (3) Alkane and PAH depositional history, sources and fluxes in sediments from the Fraser River Basin and Straight of Georgia, Canada. Org. Geochem., 34, ( 原稿受付 8.3.6) -47-

倉田.indd

倉田.indd LAGUNA 33 6 7 LAGUNA p.33 6 7 Rising water level events in the Ohashi River, Shimane Prefecture. Kengo Kurata Abstract: Several periods of water level rise in the Ohashi River, Shimane Prefecture were