０３７３１０　医用画像‐３２‐４／３２‐４‐特集１１‐一般総説‐藤原様

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1 MR perfusion Imaging using arterial spin labeling Yasuhiro FUJIWARA, Hirohiko KIMURA Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University , Kuhonji, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, , Japan Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui 23-3, Shimoaizuki, Matsuoka, Eiheiji-cho, yoshida-gun, Fukui, , Japan Received on September 25, In final form on October 13, 2015 Abstract : Arterial spin labeling ASL is a means of perfusion assessments in magnetic resonance imaging MRI. Since ASL uses arterial blood water as an endogenous tracer, it is no need to use contrast agent or irradiation. Therefore, these features make ASL complete non-invasive and easily accepted in routine clinical practice. Recent prevalence of 3T clinical MRI system has dramatically increased the quality of ASL image along together with the development of ASL techniques. In this paper, we have described the overview of ASL techniques such as labeling scheme, post-label delay, background signal control, and intra vascular signal suppression. Finally, we have presented some clinical cases with ASL application from our own experience. Keywords : magnetic resonance imaging, arterial spin labeling, perfusion, cerebral blood flow Arterial Spin Labeling ASL MRI 1990 signal-tonoise ratio SNR [1, 2] perfusion weighted image ASL ASL 3 radio frequency RF T1 ASL 1 RF continuous ASL CASL pulsed ASL PASL 2 CASL flow-driven adiabatic passage Fig.1 xxxvii

Fig.2 pcasl ASL 3 4 RF [3] SNR Specific absorption rate SAR PASL RF SAR ASL EPISTAR echo-planar imaging and signal targeting with alternating radiofrequency FAIR flow-sensitive alternating inversion

2 Fig.2 pcasl ASL 3 4 RF [3] SNR Specific absorption rate SAR PASL RF SAR ASL EPISTAR echo-planar imaging and signal targeting with alternating radiofrequency FAIR flow-sensitive alternating inversion recovery [4-6] CASL pseudo-continuous ASL pcasl [7]CASL RF RF SAR CASL T1 T1 signal-tonoise ratio SNR [8, 9] T1 PLD 1 PLD 1.5 PLD [10] PLD PLD SNR 2D Echo Planner Imaging EPI [11]3D Fast Spin Echo k 3D Gradient and Spin Echo GRASE [7, 12] EPI 3D background signal suppression SNR [13, 14] SNR RF T1 PLD motion probing gradient saturation pulse [6, 15, 16] [17] ASL single photon emission CT SPECT positron emission CT PET regional cerebral blood flow: rcbf [18, 19] PLD rcbf [20] MRI xxxviii

dynamic susceptibility contrast DSC SPECT,

3 dynamic susceptibility contrast DSC SPECT, PET [18, 21, 22] PLD rcbf PLD [23-25] [26-28] [29-31] ASL DSC [32, 33] DSC ASL [32] diffusion-perfusion mismatch [34, 35] [36, 37] [38-40] ASL Fig.3 MR angiography ASL ASL Fig.4 ASL ASL Fig.5 T2 flow void MR angiography ASL xxxix

4 pseudo-continuous 3D CBF [17] [ 1 ] Williams DS, Detre JA, Leigh JS, et al. : Magnetic resonance imaging of perfusion using spin inversion of arterial water, PNAS, 89 1, , [ 2 ] Detre JA, Leigh JS, Williams DS, et al. : Perfusion imaging, Magn Reson Med, 23 1, 37-45, [ 3 ] Dixon WT, Du LN, Faul DD, et al.: Projection angiograms of blood labeled by adiabatic fast passage, Magn Reson Med, 3 3, , [ 4 ] Edelman RR, Siewert B, Darby DG, et al. : Qualitative mapping of cerebral blood flow and functional localization with echo-planar MR imaging and signal targeting with alternating radio frequency, Radiology, 192 2, , [ 5 ] Kim SG : Quantification of relative cerebral blood flow change by flow-sensitive alternating inversion recovery FAIR technique : Application to functional mapping, Magn Reson Med, 34 3, , [ 6 ] Wong EC, Buxton RB, Frank LR : Quantitative imaging of perfusion using a single subtraction QUIPSS and QUIPSS II, Magn Reson Med, 39 5, , [ 7 ] Dai W, Garcia D, de Bazelaire C, et al. : Continuous flow-driven inversion for arterial spin labeling using pulsed radio frequency and gradient fields, Magn Reson Med, 60 6, , [ 8 ] Lu H, Clingman C, Golay X, et al. : Determining the longitudinal relaxation time T1 of blood at 3.0 Tesla, Magn Reson Med, 52 3, , [ 9 ] Golay X, Petersen ET : Arterial Spin Labeling : Benefits and Pitfalls of High Magnetic Field, Neuroimaging Clinics of North America, 16 2, , [10] Alsop DC, Detre JA : Reduced transit-time sensitivity in noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging of human cerebral blood flow, J Cereb Blood Flow Metab, 16 6, , [11] Ye FQ, Pekar JJ, Jezzard P, et al. : Perfusion imaging of the human brain at 1.5 T using a single-shot EPI spin tagging approach, Magn Reson Med, 36 2, , [12] Günther M, Oshio K, Feinberg DA : Single-shot 3D imaging techniques improve arterial spin labeling perfusion measurements, Magn Reson Med, 54 2, , [13] Garcia DM, Duhamel G, Alsop DC : Efficiency of inversion pulses for background suppressed arterial spin labeling, Magn Reson Med, 54 2, , [14] Ye FQ, Frank JA, Weinberger DR, et al. : Noise reduction in 3D perfusion imaging by attenuating the static signal in arterial spin tagging ASSIST, Magn ResonMed,44 1, , [15] Ye FQ, Mattay VS, Jezzard P, et al. : Correction for vascular artifacts in cerebral blood flow values measured by using arterial spin tagging techniques, Magn Reson Med, 37 2, , [16] Schepers J, van Osch MJP, Nicolay K : Effect of vascular crushing on FAIR perfusion kinetics, using a BIR-4 pulse in a magnetization prepared FLASH sequence, Magn ResonMed,50 3, , [17] Alsop DC, Detre JA, Golay X, et al. : Recommended implementation of arterial spin-labeled perfusion MRI for clinical applications: A consensus of the ISMRM perfusion study group and the European consortium for ASL in dementia, Magn Reson Med, 73 1, , [18] Parkes LM, Tofts PS : Improved accuracy of human cerebral blood perfusion measurements using arterial spin labeling : accounting for capillary water permeability, Magn Reson Med, 48 1, 27-41, [19] Calamante F, Williams SR, van Bruggen N, et al. : A model for quantification of perfusion in pulsed labelling techniques, NMR Biomed, 9 2, 79-83, [20] Buxton RB, Frank LR, Wong EC, et al. : A general kinetic model for quantitative perfusion imaging with arterial spin labeling, Magn Reson Med, 40 3, , [21] Wong AM, Yan F-X, Liu H-L : Comparison of threedimensional pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling perfusion imaging with gradient-echo and spin-echo dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI, J Magn Reson Imaging, 39 2, , [22] Wolf RL, Detre JA : Clinical neuroimaging using arterial spin-labeled perfusion magnetic resonance imaging, Neurotherapeutics, 4 3, , [23] Kimura H, Kabasawa H, Yonekura Y, et al. : Cerebral perfusion measurements using continuous arterial spin labeling : accuracy and limits of a quantitative approach, International Congress Series, 1265, , [24] Dai W, Robson PM, Shankaranarayanan A, et al. : Reduced resolution transit delay prescan for quantitative continuous arterial spin labeling perfusion imaging, Magn ResonMed,67 5, , [25] Bokkers RP, Bremmer JP, van Berckel BN, et al. : Arterial spin labeling perfusion MRI at multiple delay times : a correlative study with H215O positron emission tomography in patients with symptomatic carotid artery occlusion, J Cereb Blood Flow Metab, 30 1, , [26] Chalela JA, Alsop DC, Gonzalez-Atavales JB, et al. : Magnetic resonance perfusion imaging in acute ischemic stroke using continuous arterial spin labeling, Stroke, 31 3, , [27] Kimura H, Kado H, Koshimoto Y, et al. : Multislice continuous arterial spin-labeled perfusion MRI in patients with chronic occlusive cerebrovascular disease : a correlative study with CO2 PET validation, J Magn Reson xl

5 Imaging, 22 2, , [28] Weber MA, Zoubaa S, Schlieter M, et al. : Diagnostic performance of spectroscopic and perfusion MRI for distinction of brain tumors, Neurology, 66 12, , [29] Deibler AR, Pollock JM, Kraft RA, et al. : Arterial spinlabeling in routine clinical practice, part 3: hyperperfusion patterns, AJNR Am J Neuroradiol, 29 8, , [30] Deibler AR, Pollock JM, Kraft RA, et al. : Arterial spinlabeling in routine clinical practice, part 2 : hypoperfusion patterns, AJNR Am J Neuroradiol, 29 7, , [31] Chawla S, Wang S, Wolf RL, et al. : Arterial spinlabeling and MR spectroscopy in the differentiation of gliomas, AJNR Am J Neuroradiol, 28 9, , [32] Wolf RL, Wang J, Wang S, et al. : Grading of CNS neoplasms using continuous arterial spin labeled perfusion MR imaging at 3 Tesla, J Magn Reson Imaging, 22 4, , [33] Warmuth C, Günther M, Zimmer C : Quantification of blood flow in brain tumors : comparison of arterial spin labeling and dynamic susceptibility-weighted contrastenhanced MR imaging, Radiology, 228 2, , [34] Niibo T, Ohta H, Yonenaga K, et al. : Arterial spinlabeled perfusion imaging to predict mismatch in acute ischemic stroke, Stroke, 44 9, , [35] Bivard A, Krishnamurthy V, Stanwell P, et al. : Arterial spin labeling versus bolus-tracking perfusion in hyperacute stroke, Stroke, 45 1, , [36] Xu G, Rowley HA, Wu G, et al.: Reliability and precision of pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling perfusion MRI on 3.0T and comparison with 15O-water PET in elderly subjects at risk for Alzheimer s disease, NMR Biomed, 23 3, , [37] Li W, Antuono PG, Xie C, et al. : Changes in regional cerebral blood flow and functional connectivity in the cholinergic pathway associated with cognitive performance in subjects with mild Alzheimer s disease after 12-week donepezil treatment, Neuroimage, 60 2, , [38] Deibler AR, Pollock JM, Kraft RA, et al. : Arterial spinlabeling in routine clinical practice, part 1 : technique and artifacts, AJNR Am J Neuroradiol, 29 7, , [39] Sunwoo L, Sohn C-H, Lee JY, et al. : Evaluation of the degree of arteriovenous shunting in intracranial arteriovenous malformations using pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging, Neuroradiology, 57 8, , [40] Shimizu K, Kosaka N, Yamamoto T, et al. : Arterial spin labeling perfusion-weighted MRI for long-term follow-up of a cerebral arteriovenous malformation after stereotactic radiosurgery, Acta Radiologica Short Reports, 3 1, 1-4, xli

原著_板垣先生.indd

原著_板垣先生.indd 原著 O-PET MI ASLarterial spin labeling multiphase PLDpost labeling delay 要旨 MI arterial spin labelingasl arterial transit time SPECT PET ASL 20 multiple post-labeling delaypldasl O-PET CBF/CBV CBF PLD 1000

０３７３１０ 医用画像‐３２‐４／３２‐４‐特集１１‐一般総説‐藤原様

０３７３１０　医用画像‐３２‐４／３２‐４‐特集１１‐一般総説‐藤原様