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1 TP TP TP TP PT PT PT PT PT PT TP PT TP TP TP * PT (B) COE ** *** ****

2 (A Trde-off Beween Effcency nd Euy n Adopng Dfferenl Res o he Consumpon Tx) 5% 0 JEL Clssfcon Numer: H4DD63 Key words:

3 00 00 () %05 8% 9 EU 50% () () (3) 3 (999)(000)(000) - -

4 (999) 5% (000) (000) 3% 7% () 8% (989)(003)(989) 88 (989) Co-Dougls (003) (003) (989)(997)(00)(989) (Lner Expendure Sysem: LES) 40 (997) 33 LES (00) LES (00) - -

5 3 5% 5 0 LES

6 TP TP. LES U (x) Sone-Gery =Π U ( x) ( x α ) (.) xbb β β = 0 < β < (.) p x = y (.3) pbb()y (.)(.3)(.) C ( p, y) = α p β y α p C = p x (.4) pbb β x ( p, y) = α y α p (.5) p (.4)BB TP PTBB TP PT. PT (984) (983) PT (990)(997) - 4 -

7 TP TP PT Rsl 3 4 TP PT 0 TP PT (000) (.4) u C ( p, y ) = α p β y p u α (.6) 0 (.)(.3)(.6) 0 9 exp( γ ) β = = n- (.7) n exp( γ ) = exp( γ ) β n = (.8) n exp( γ ) = log γ (.3) α = exp( θ ) (.9) θ BICBysn Informon Creron IIVB7B V -0 BBB8B 0P P 0 0 BIC.3-3 PT 4 (Sesonlly Decomposon of Tme Seres y Loess) - 5 -

8 TP TP α β 49.54** 58.50** ** 74.85** ** 0.89** ** ** ** ** (4.8) (.64) (3.74) (3.) (9.96) (0.5) (0.0) (0.0) (0.0) (0.0) 5.60** 63.98** 3.33** ** ** ** 0.86** ** (4.09) (5.3) (9.6) (5.95) (0.0) (0.0) (0.0) (0.0) (0.0) 68.95** 89.3** 97.** 0.03** 7.** * (4.44) (5.04) (5.45) (5.04) (0.3) (0.005) (0.005) (0.005) (0.003) (0.004) 37.30** 59.77** 93.94** 75.0** 68.39* ** ** ** ** (.68) (.73) (4.83) (8.60) (9.0) (0.0) (0.0) (0.0) (0.0) (0.0) 49.** 87.**.3** 0.67** 48.0** ** 0.057** ** ** ** (4.7) (3.09) (.79) (39.05) (34.86) (0.0) (0.0) (0.0) (0.0) (0.0) ** ** ** 0.9** 0.939** (3.73) (0.05) (0.04) (0.05) (0.04) (0.04) 9.9** 3.30**.48** 30.98* ** ** 0.07** 0.50** 0.456** (7.34) (7.0) (35.9) (60.96) (0.0) (0.0) (0.0) (0.03) (0.03) 38.36** 7.7** 34.7** ** 3.4** ** ** 0.059** ** 0.049** (.3) (3.0) (7.76) (3.95) (6.) (0.0) (0.0) (0.0) (0.0) (0.0) 9.** 34.8** ** 447.** 59.36** (33.3) (4.39) (58.0) (6.86) (88.7) 85.08** 89.3** 90.35** 84.4** 3.08** * 0.00* 0.09** (.88) (.4) (0.03) (.8) (4.09) (0.0) (0.0) (0.0) (0.0) (0.0) BB BB 5 PT B7B. 5 PT LES e y y = β C e α p ( β ) = C - 6 -

9 e y e e y e e y e e y e e y e

10 TP TP PT 0 3. (989)(993)(995) e P PBB = T e τ (3.) C TBBCBB (993) () (995) SNA 6 TP PT 7 TP PT (989) ()=()() ()=()() 0 6 PT SNA (995996)

11 TP TP TP PT PT 0 PT TP PT (3.)CBB TBB TP PT 995 ( A) 0 TP PT 0 3-5/05=4.76%

12 8.66% 4.49% 3.4% 4.76%.47% 7.3% 3.05% 0.00% 3.05%.68% 0.00%.68% 8.66%.04% 9.70% 4.76% 0.57% 5.33% 8.66% 0.00% 8.66% 4.76% 0.00% 4.76% 8.66% 0.00% 8.66% 4.76% 0.00% 4.76% 3.94% 0.00% 3.94%.7% 0.00%.7% 8.66%.80% 0.46% 4.76% 6.49%.5%.8% 0.00%.8%.0% 0.00%.0% 8.66% 0.3% 8.79% 4.76% 0.07% 4.83% 8.66% 4.4%.89% 4.76%.33% 7.09% I V V I 4,574 6,50 0,935,443 6, % 4.46% 4.64% 4.0% 4.% 000 I V =0.66% I (305,364 ),05 4,84-0 -

13 TP 3 4- (excess urden)(ded wegh loss) (Euvlen Vron: EV)EV 0 pp PpP PVP P 0 pp P EV = E( p, V ) E( p, V ) E(p, V) (4.) ev LP P(4.) 0 L ev p = E( p, V ) E( p, V ) ( p p ) h(, V ) (4.) h(p, V) VP P> VP PEV<0 E( p, V ) = E( p, V ) (4.) TP PT 0 L ev = E( p 0, V ) E( p 0, V ) p h( p, V ) p 0 h( p, V ) 0 0 = p h( p, V ) E( p, V ) 0 (4.3) 4. (4.) V(py) E(pV) (.5)(.) β V y y α p p ( p, ) = Π (4.4) β y Π p E( p, V ) = α p V (4.5) β 0 (4.)pP P β PT () - -

14 TP p 0 p = (4.6) τ e P P e τ τ = (4.7) τ T 0 T = ( p p ) h( p, V ) 0 = ( p p ) x( p, y) (4.8) ev LP P (4.6)(4.7)pP PpP PpP P(4.4)VP PVP P (4.5)E(pP PVP P)E(pP PVP P)(4.)EV ypp P(.5)x(pP PVP P)(4.8) ev T(4.)LP P e II y α TP PT p -4,360-6,577-0,56 -,303-6,4-99, % 0.343% 0.45% 0.474% 0.556% 0.45% PT - -

15 A B 5% C 0% 3 A 0.0% B 5.0%C 0.0%-[AB C]-[ABC]-[ABC] 5- -A -B-C 0.% A 0.0% A.6% A 5.% B.5% B 5.0% B 8.4% C 3.% C 6.6% C 0.0% 00% 000 ( B ) EV = E( p, V ) E( p, V ) (5.) UBkBk - 3 -

16 TP W ρ m ρ U k k = = ρ ρ 0 (5.) UBkB(4.4)m = 3 TP PT (4.4) Mrrlees(97) Sern(976) (5.) 000 (4.4) β Π p β V V '( p, y) β β = y α p Π p Π p β β = y α p Π p p β (5.3) 000 (4.4)(5.3) (4.4) (5.3) 3 PT (989) - 4 -

17 I II C A IIIV C A A 0.0% -9,9-0,777-3,7-4,04-7,55 B.5% -8,98-0,6-3,80-3,957-7,796 C 3.% -8,779-0,589-3,466-4,058-8,7 A.6% -3,684-6,043-9,770-0,936-6,96 B 5.0% -3,393-5,90-9,99-0,96-6,756 C 6.6% -3,0-5,839-0,037-0,998-7,40 A 5.% -7,833-0,905-5,779-7,33-34,0 B 8.4% -7,54-0,807-6,060-7,458-35,083 C 0.0% -7,33-0,694-6,8-7,437-35, I II A C V A.6% % 4.47% 4.53% 4.6% 4.0% 0.66%p A 0.0% 7.47% 7.6% 7.4% 6.7% 6.55% 0.9%p B.5% 7.38% 7.% 7.4% 6.69% 6.58% 0.8%p C 3.% 7.33% 7.0% 7.7% 6.70% 6.63% 0.69%p A.6% 8.83% 8.47% 8.57% 7.97% 7.79%.04%p B 5.0% 8.73% 8.43% 8.59% 7.97% 7.86% 0.87%p C 6.6% 8.66% 8.40% 8.6% 7.96% 7.90% 0.76%p A 5.% 0.09% 9.68% 9.80% 9.3% 8.94%.5%p B 8.4% 9.98% 9.65% 9.85% 9.5% 9.05% 0.93%p C 0.0% 9.90% 9.6% 9.85% 9.3% 9.08% 0.8%p - 5 -

18 TP 5-4 A C ABC 3 A BC C 6.6% A C B 0.39% 0.34% 0.4% 0.47% 0.56% 0.45% A 0.0% 0.36% 0.3% 0.40% 0.47% 0.60% 0.45% B.5% 0.43% 0.37% 0.47% 0.55% 0.68% 0.5% C 3.% 0.59% 0.49% 0.58% 0.69% 0.8% 0.73% A.6% 0.36% 0.30% 0.40% 0.48% 0.63% 0.46% B 5.0% 0.47% 0.40% 0.50% 0.60% 0.76% 0.57% C 6.6% 0.63% 0.5% 0.6% 0.73% 0.90%.5% A 5.% 0.36% 0.30% 0.40% 0.50% 0.66% 0.47% B 8.4% 0.5% 0.4% 0.53% 0.65% 0.83% 0.6% C 0.0% 0.66% 0.54% 0.64% 0.78% 0.97% 0.97% (4.4)(5.3) rwp PWP P W W r = (5.4) W AC 4 TP PT 4 PT - 6 -

19 ρ A B C A B C A B C 0.0%.5% 3.%.6% 5.0% 6.6% 5.% 8.4% 0.0% ρ A B C A B C A B C 0.0%.5% 3.%.6% 5.0% 6.6% 5.% 8.4% 0.0% >0 A B <0 A C A - 7 -

20 A - 8 -

21 5% 0 (989) - 9 -

22 - 0 -

23 Dodgson, J.S. On he Accurcy nd Appropreness of Alernve Mesures of Excess Burden, The Economc Journl, 983, vol.93, pp.06-. Mrrlees, J. A. An Explnon n he Theory of Opmum Income Txon. Revew of Economc Sudes, 97, vol.38, No.4, pp Sern, N.H On he Specfcon of Models of Opmum Income Txon Journl of Pulc Economcs, 976, vol.6, pp.36. Sone, J.R.N Lner Expendure Sysems nd Demnd Anlyss: An Applcon o he pern of Brsh Demnd, The Economc Journl, 954, vol.64, pp (), 7,, 000, pp , vol.9, pp ()995, No.35, pp.5-8. ()996, No.37, pp.8-. 4,, 00, pp , No.9, pp , No.5, pp ,, 997, pp.05-9., 984 (), 6,, 000, pp ,, 995, pp , vol.5, No., pp.-0. 3,, 999, pp , vol.40, No.4, pp ,

24 TP PT A 995( 7 SNA 5 TP PT = 5% 3% A- = 5 c 3 05 c 05 5 ( d ) 3 ( 05 s d 05 s ) () A- B p s s s s p s s s s= s= W

25 - 3 - p p = (B.) TP 6 PTCPI 00 = W W p = 00 ω = h h W W ω = p ω (B.) = = p ω (B.3) (B.3) = TP 7 PT p = ω ω (B.4) p = ω ω = ) ( ω ω ω (B.5) TP 6 PT.6.8.B C.3. TP 7 PT 3

26 - 4 - (B.4)(B.5) = p p ω (B.6) (B.6)

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