Microsoft Word - 石川晃.doc

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3 * Koji Ishikawa ** Cambodia is largely an agrarian society; rice crops are the backbone of Cambodian agriculture. For most of these farmers, rice is their major source of income and sustenance and thus rice plays an integral part in the economy of rural Cambodia. However, Cambodia s history and structure of industry has helped define rice-based agricultural sectors in which poor populations have traditionally engaged and earned a livelihood. This is particularly so with the low production of rice and is characterized by low income. Although Cambodia has achieved an overall self-sufficiency since 1995, rice productivity in Cambodia is still the lowest among countries in Asia, which derives from a number of factors such as low input investment in rice production and farmers limited financial sources. In addition, another problem within the industry is the rice processing and distribution sector faces many related obstacles such as a lack of working capital, low milling technology, a poor infrastructure, and a fragmented distribution system. The agricultural sector is where the poor are employed and earn a living in Cambodia. It would follow that increasing productivity and trade returns on rice produce in this sector will be important for improving the livelihood of the poor. Therefore, the challenge for Cambodian rural development is to grasp the present situation and prioritize the constrains to increase productivity and generate improvements within the rice industry, and develop the strategies to overcome the existing obstacles. This paper describes the linkage between each of the factors along the rice value chain, from input suppliers for rice production, to the final milled products and all the associated by-products and value added from products derived from rice. While providing the characteristics along each level of the chain, the analysis identifies the key constrains and linkage at each level of the chain ( ) Graduate School of International Development, Nagoya University Doctoral Student (ishikawa.koji@a.mbox.nagoya-u.ac.jp) -1-

5 Battambang Kampong Chhnang Pursat Banteay Meanchey Takeo Kandal Phnom Penh 1 Battambang PhnomPenh 300km 1 Kampong Chhnang Pursat Banteay Meanchey Takeo Kandal Battambang Kampong Chhnang Pursat Banteay Meanchey Takeo Kandal Phnom Penh ( 8 ) 1-3-

6 85% 2 13 IR % 2 ( ) ton/ha 2ton/ha ton m -4-

7 2.2 3 Battambang Battambang Batambang ( ) 3 Battambang 4 Battambang Banteay Meanchey Takeo Kandal Phker Mali Neang Khon IR

8 ( 2) (IR ) Battambang Phnom Penh Battambang Phnom Penh Battambang Phnom Penh Battambang Takeo Battambang (Poipet) Phnom Penh ( 4) -6-

9 Phnom Penh Battambang Phker Mali Phker Khney Neang Minh Neang Khon Mixed Rice IR ( ) Phker Khney Neang Minh ( 3)

10 (CARDI) (IRRI) (AQIP 2002:21) IR (IR66 ) Takeo Kandal Battambang 4 Battambang 9 Phker Mali Neang Minh CARDI 4 IR 5 6 1ha 100kg -8-

11 CARDI 4~5 (CARDI 2000: 43) ( 1991: 68) 85% 4~5 ( ) 7~8 ( ) ( 5) -9-

12 Battambang Kampong Chhnang Kandal Battambang Battambang ( ) , Battambang 60 1ha ha8 2-3ha13 3-4ha11 4-5ha10 5ha8 Kampong Chhnang 20 Kandal ~5 7 1US$=4000Riel ( ) -10-

13 Battambang 29% Kampong Chhnang 27% Kandal 32% Battambang Kampong Chhnang Kandal (MAFF 2007) Kampong Chhnang Kandal Kandal 2 Kandal Kandal Kandal IR Kampong Chhnang Battambang 8 Battambang 8 Battambang

14 -12-

15 ~2 9 (JICA 2001) 7 9 1ton -13-

16 (2007 ) Mixed Rice Battambang 1ha 260 ( 10) -14-

17 3.2 Bantey Menchey Battambang Takeo Kandal Prey Veng Battambang Banteay Meanchey Phker Mali Battambang 10 Banteay Meanchey Battambang Battambang Battambang 11 Phker Mali Somaly Phker Mali, Somaly Phker Mali -15-

18 Phker Mali Mixed Rice 11~2 3 IR 6~ (1) ( 8) ( ) 12 Banteay Menchey Thma Puok Boeng Trakuon, Banteay Menchey Ou Chrou, Poipet, Battambang Sampov Lun Phnom Preuk, Takeo Phnom Den

19 100kg 10~ ton ( 9) ton -17-

20 kg 1 (Vuthy 2001:54) Battambang Battambang -18-

21 Battambang 20% 10~15 Battambang Phnom Penh (40ton) 5 (1) Phker Mali ( 10) Phker Mali Mixed Rice Mixed Rice Battambang 20% -19-

22 11 Battambang ton Battambang Battambang 5 15% (12~2 ) -20-

23 PM (Phker Mali), PK (PhkerKhney), N (NeangKhon), NM (Neang Minh) 1) 98% 2) 1 3) 4) 5) JICA 2001 / 6) patent 7)Battambang 8)/9) 60 40% 65% 2001 JICA 10) 1 / ) 12) -21-

24 ~400ton 50kg 10~15ton 5~10kg ( 12) -22-

25 Phker Mali Neang Minh Phker Khney Battambang IR (1) Battambang PhnomPenh Battambang Battambang Phnom Penh Battambang Kampong Chhnang Takeo Battambang Phker Mali( ) Phnom Penh 4 Battambang 1.05% Kampong Chhnang Phnom Penh Battambang Battambang Phnom Penh 13 Battambang 1 50kg

26 Battambang Phker Mali (2008 ) -24-

27 ( ) Phker Mali

28 4 17 (Rectangular Strategy for Growth, Employment, Equity and Efficiency) (National Strategic Development Plan ;NSDP) 2004 ( ) IR 2t/ha JICA(2006) -26-

29 -27-

30 -28-

31 Agrarian Situation in Contemporary Cambodia Overview of Case Studies in Cambodian Villages Globalization and Unequalization: What Can Be Learned from Value Chain Analysis A Hand Book for Value Chain Research CARDI/ Phnom Penh JICA /Phnom Penh MAFF/ Phnom Penh Provincial Department of Agriculture BanteyMeanchey/ BanteyMeanchey Province Provincial Department of Agriculture Battambang/ Battambang Province Provincial Department of Commerce/ Battambang Province Provincial hall Kampong Chhnang/ Kampong Chhnang Province Provincial Department of Commerce/ Kampong Chhnang Province Provincial Department of Agriculture Kandal/ Kandal Province -29-

041-057_’¼Œì

041-057_’¼Œì 542012 4157 Nishino Toshiaki The purpose of this paper is to analyze the present conditions of the mountain villages of Japan in the early 21 st century. The revolution of fuel sources from a predominance