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1 IP 1 + IP 188 IP IP

2 IP 3 () 4

3 2 ()

4 IGMP 3. PIM-SM 4. PIM-SSM 8

5 RFC3173) ( /24) ( /24) AD-HOC (224.1/16) ST-II(IPv5) (224.2/16) SDP/SAP DIS(Distributed Interactive Simulation) RESERVED (232/8) Source Specific Multicast Block (233/8) GLOP Block RESERVED (239/8) Administratively Scoped Block 9 1 Local Network Control Block ( ) : All Systems on this Subnet (ALL-SYSTEMS.MCAST.NET) : All Routers on this Subnet : OSPFIGP OSPFIGP All Routers : OSPFIGP OSPFIGP Designated Routers : All PIM Routers : VRRP : HSRP TTL1 Internetwork Control Block ( ) : NTP : microsoft-ds cisco-rp-announce cisco-rp-discovery in-addr.arpa. 1D IN PTR ALL-SYSTEMS.MCAST.NET. 10

6 2 SAP(Session Announcement Protocol) ( ) RFC (global scope ) ( /24 ) FF0X::2:7FFE (IPv6) 11 3 Source Specific Multicast Block ( ) SSM 232/8 (source specific join) GLOP ( ) RFC2770,RFC3138,RFC /8 16bitASAS8bit AS2497 = 0x9c1 0x09 0xc /24 CGI Private AS( ) byte AS 12

7 4 Administratively Scoped IP Multicast address RFC (239/8) /16 Local scope () / / /14 organization-local scope () / / /10 13 IPv6 RFC2373, RFC2375, RFC3307 8bit1(FF00::/8) FF flags scope 112bits T Group ID Flags: T(transient-bit) =0 : 1 : Scope: 1 interface-local scope 2 link-local scope 4 admin-local scope 5 site-local scope 8 organization-local scope E global scope FF02::1 All Nodes Link-local Address (= IPv4) FF02::D All PIM Routers FF05::1:3 Site-local DHCP servers FF0X::2:7FFE SAPv1 Announcements 14

8 IPv6 (Unicast-Prefix-based) RFC3306 ID FF flag scope 8bits 8bits 64bits 32bits P T reserved Plen Network Prefix Group ID Flags: P=0 T=0 T=1 P=1 Network Prefix T=1 Plen: Prefix length P=1 Network Prefix: 15 Ethernet E Ethernet IP 2 5 =32 IP Ether x x x x 01:00:5E:00:00:x 16

(IPv6) Ethernet 33 33 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 Group ID IPv616 32bit 17 IP 1980 Stanford Steve Deering

9 (IPv6) Ethernet Group ID IPv616 32bit 17 IP 1980 Stanford Steve Deering OS Vsystem OS Vsystem Ethernet Layer 2 multicast Layer3 RFC988 Host Extensions for IP Multicasting (July 1986) 18

10 IGMP(Internet Group Management Protocol) RFC3376(IGMPv3), RFC3810(MLDv2) TTL1 IGMPv1 3 IPv6IGMPMLD(Multicast Listener Discovery) MLDv2IGMPv3MLDv1IGMPv2 OS WindowsXP, 2003server IGMPv3(IPv4 INCLUDE) Windows Vista MLDv2 INCLUDE FreeBSD KAME Project IGMPv3/MLDv2 MacOS X FreeBSD patch Linux IGMPv3 MLDv2 19 OS *BSD FreeBSD-current MLDv1/IGMPv2 FreeBSD6 MLDv1/IGMPv2 NetBSD-current MLDv1/IGMPv2 NetBSD3 MLDv1/IGMPv2 OpenBSD-current MLDv1/IGMPv2 OpenBSD3 MLDv1/IGMPv2 Linux Linux 2.6.x MLDv2/IGMPv3 Linux 2.4.x (x >= 22) MLDv2/IGMPv3 Linux 2.4.x (x < 22) MLDv1/IGMPv2 Linux 2.2.x MLDv1/IGMPv2 20

11 IGMP report IGMP report dst: IGMP report report IGMP General Query IGMP query dst: (125)ALL-SYSTEMS 302 Max Response Time Default 10 22

12 IGMP report IGMP report dst: General Query MaxResponseTime report General Query 23 IGMP leave IGMP leave dst: (grp: ) IGMP Group-Specific Query dst: ALL-ROUTERS IGMP leave (queryreportleave ) IGMP leave12group-specific Query (MaxResponseTime1) IGMP report 24

13 IGMP leave IGMP report dst: Leave message Report 260 Report 0 25 IGMP Querier IGMP query dst: IP querier 26

14 IGMPv3 RFC3376 Type1: MODE_IS_INCLUDE IS_IN({S},G) Type2: MODE_IS_EXCLUDE IS_EX({S},G) Type3: CHANGE_TO_INCLUDE TO_IN({S},G) Type4: CHANGE_TO_EXCLUDE TO_EX({S},G) Type5: ALLOW_NEW_SOURCES ALLOW({S},G) Type6: BLOCK_OLD_SOURCES BLOCK({S},G) Type1,5,6 {S} ALLOW({ , }, ) 27 IGMPv3 report IGMPv3 report dst: ALLOW( , ) (IGMP.MCAST.NET) IGMP report MLDv2 FF02::16 Type 5(ALLOW_NEW_SOURCES) Group address 232/8 IPv6 FF3x::/96 (Unicast-Prefix-base 32bit ) 28

15 IGMPv3 General Query report IGMPv3 report dst: IS_IN( , ) IGMPv3 query dst: IGMPv3 General Query Type 1 MODE_IS_INCLUDE 29 IGMPv3 leave IGMPv3 leave dst: BLOCK( , ) leave message Type6: BLOCK_OLD_SOURCES 30

16 IGMP snooping MAC MAC flooding CPU load IGMP snooping 31 IGMP snooping IGMP report dst: IP Multicast dst: IGMP report L2SwitchIGMPIPCPU (querier)port 32

17 IGMP snooping 1 IGMP report dst: IP Multicast dst: IPv4MAC23bit x x x x 01:00:5E:00:00:x /8 Local Network Control Block 33 IGMP snooping 2 src( , ) IGMPv3 report dst: ALLOW( , ) src( , ) IGMPv3 report ALLOW( , ) IGMPv3 join 34

18 IP (Sender/Source) FHR LHR IGMP FHR: First Hop Router LHR: Last Hop Router (Receiver) 35 MBone mrouted DVMRP UNIX San Diego IETF meeting nv, vat DVMRP flood pruning TTL IPv6 M6Bone 36

19 Reverse Path Forwarding 37 PIM-SM (Protocol Independent Multicast - Sparse Mode) RFC4601 (PIM-SMv2) RPF check PIM-DM (Dense Mode) Sparse Mode PIM-DM PIM-SM Sender (RP) RP 38

20 PIM Hello Sender PIM Hello (ff02::d) PIM(Protocol 103) TTL=1 Receiver 39 PIM Bootstrap Message Sender RP Hop by Hop RP(BSR) RPBSR(Bootstrap Router) Receiver 40

21 PIM (*,G) Join Sender RP (,G) Join(,G) (,G) Join(,G) Join(,G) (,G) (,G) IGMP Membership Report G Receiver 41 PIM Register Sender Source S Group G PIM Register (S,G) (S,G) Join(S,G) Join(S,G) Register Stop Message RP (S,G) (,G) Receiver 42

22 PIM Shared Tree Sender RP Source S Group G Receiver 43 PIM SPT Join Sender RP Join(S,G) (S,G) Join(S,G) (S,G) Source S Group G Receiver 44

23 PIM RPT Prune Sender RP Prune(S,G) Prune(S,G,RP) Prune(S,G,RP) Source S Group G Receiver 45 PIM Prune Sender RP Prune(S,G) Prune(S,G) Prune(,G) Prune(,G) Prune(S,G) Prune(,G) IGMP leave G Receiver 46

24 PIM-SM RP (*,G) Shared Tree Sender Shortest Path Tree 2 LANIP DR(Designated Router) Receiver DR (*,G)Join RP Sender DR RP Register Receiver DR source address source (S,G) Join RP Sender RP RP BSR Anycast-RP 47 PIM-SSM (Source Specific Multicast) RFC4607 RPShared Tree Shortest Path Tree PIM-SM RP (one to many) (S,G) Join (many to many) SSM ASM(Any Source Multicast) SSM Receiver IGMPv3,MLDv2 FHR PIM Register LHR(S,G)Join SSM 48

25 PIM-SSM Sender RP Join(S,G) Join(S,G) Join(S,G) IGMP Report (S,G) Receiver 49 50

26 IOS GUI Sender FE2: /24 FE0: FE0: /24 FE1: /24 Loopback0: /24 RP FE1: /24 FE1: FE0: /24 FE2: /24 Receiver

27 Sender Cisco 1812J FE1 send0 FE2 rp0 recv0 FE0 Receiver 53 (recv0) 54

28 (send0) 55 (rp0) 56

29 57 ftp://ftp.lava.net/users/tony/multicast UNIX gcc -O2 mcsend.c -o mcsend Windows mcrsend.exe, mcrecv.exe Usage: mcsend address port [ttl]!! TTL1! Usage: mcrecv address port 58

30 JOIN 59 JOIN 2 60

31 61 send () 62

32 send RP 63 (recv0,send0) 64

33 (RP) 65 VideoLAN ( Windows,MacOS X,Linux,zaurus,WinCE NetBSD,OpenBSD,FreeBSD,Solaris, Windows LANG: Japanese 66

34 VideoLAN Stream to network (RTP Multicast, ) TTL 67 VideoLAN UDP/RTP 68

35 VideoLAN 69 70

36 RPF 71 IGMP snooping join 72

37 RPF check HSRP(VRRP) default route RPRPF neighbor HSRP PIM neighbor RPF neighbor Join/Prune PIM Hello Address Option PIM neighbor (*,G)join default PIM neighbor RP 74

38 RPF check source i/f (static rpf) 75 NAT NAT x.y x.y IGMP join :: src: dest: x NATtun IGMP join x 76

39 () WAN unicastrpf (S,G)join RPF Prune(S,G) Sender S Receiver Join(S,G) Join(S,G) Join(S,G) 77 () unicastrpf (S,G)join PIM neighbor join Join(S,G) Join(S,G) PIM Hello S Join(S,G) Sender Prune(S,G) Receiver 78

40 unicast multicast QoS Fast Convergence 33msec 1 FEC (Path Diversity) 79 MBGP unicast multicast RPF RPF check 80

41 RP RP ip pim bsr-candidate Loopback (primary) ip pim rp-candidate Loopback0 priority 0 (primary) RP1 ip pim rp-candidate Loopback0 group-list 1 access-list 1 permit RP2 Anycast RP MSDP peer ip msdp peer ip msdp sa-request RP RP3 RFC Anycast-RP Using Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) RP Loopback RP address anycast Anycast-RP set ()RP RP set Anycast-RP set Register message, RP set Register message ip pim anycast-rp <anycast RP > < RP > 82

42 MIB pimneighbortable pimrptable RFC Media Delivery Index (MDI) PFU ipushserve Streaming Monitor MIB SmartBits TeraRouting Tester, ClearSight Analyzer MLDv2 Join/Leave Latency Spirent Abacus5000 Agilent Triple Play Analyzer 83 MRM (Multicast Routing Monitor) 84

43 MRM IP 3. 86

44 NTT v6 v6ipv6 NTT 100Mbps, 1Gbps, 10Gbps MLDv2 SSM MODE_IS_INCLUDE, ALLOW_NEW_SOURCES, BLOCK_OLD_SOURCES ch(10G 256ch) On Demand TV 87 BB Yahoo! BB 30ch static join WindowsMeida.asx DRM LAN Yahoo! BB LAN 88

45 IP Scalable Adaptive Multicast (SAM) Overlay Multicast Application Layer Multicast NAT 89 IP Xcast unicastp2p dst addr = ip opt dst addr = ip opt dst addr =

46 1 AAA (Authentication, Authorization, Accounting) sender SLA CM 91 2 AS Inter Domain Multicast Routing IPv4 MBGP + MSDP IPMI J/Splash IPv6 embedded RP M6Bone, Internet2 SSM only (S,G) DoS AAA 92

47 IP IP Multicast Mailing List TIPS IETF WG avt: Audio/Video Transport mboned: MBONE Deployment magma: Multicast & Anycast Group Membership pim: Protocol Independent Multicast ssm: Source-Specific Multicast l3vpn: Layer 3 Virtual Private Networks 93

ストリーミングシステム (II) 配信技術 IP マルチキャストアイアイジェイメディアコミュニケーションズ藤井直人 Internet Week 2003 December 2, 2003 Copyright IIJ Media Communications I

ストリーミングシステム (II) 配信技術 IP マルチキャストアイアイジェイメディアコミュニケーションズ藤井直人 fujii@iij-mc.co.jp Internet Week 2003 December 2, 2003 Copyright IIJ Media Communications Inc. 2003 本日のアジェンダ IPマルチキャスト概略プロトコル詳細解説現状の課題最新トピック紹介