CSIS (No.324) {kazuya-o, okuda, 2012 IP (LBM) IPv6 GALMA LBM GALMA GALMA 1 (LBM:Location Based Multicast) LBM IP IP GALMA (Geograp

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1 CSIS (No.324) {kazuya-o, okuda, 2012 IP (LBM) IPv6 GALMA LBM GALMA GALMA 1 (LBM:Location Based Multicast) LBM IP IP GALMA (Geographically Aggregatable Location-based Multicast Address) GALMA IPv6 1

2 IP IP GALMA LBM GALMA IP IP LBM LBM LBM GALMA 5 GALMA 6 LBM (Geographical Routing) [1] Geographical Routing 2.2 IP GPS 3G CDN (Contents Delivery Netowrk) IP IP [2] IP 70km [3] 2

3 2.3 LLNet[4] 3 (LBM:Location Based Multicast) LBM 3.1 IP 3.2 IPv6 (LBM:Location Based Multicast) 1 LBM LBM PC. GPS WiFi 3G LBM IPv6 3 G 1, G 2, G 3 (join) IP 1 G 1, G 2 G 4 G 1, G 2 3

4 %&#$!% '()*+,-./01 234*56!"!#!$!"#$ 1: 利用者端末収容ルータコアルータ送信端末 1 位置情報取得 2 GALMA 生成 3 GALMA 参加 (join) 4 経路広告 4 経路広告 5 マルチキャスト送信 5 マルチキャスト送信 5 マルチキャスト送信 6 GALMA 離脱 (leave) 2: 2 LBM LBM LBM (join) 3.3 LBM ASM (Any Source Multicast)[5] SSM (Source Specific Multicast)[6] ASM G join G SSM join G 4

5 S S S LBM SSM ASM IP LBM ASM LBM 3.4 LBM LBM WGS84 ) LBM LBM IP LBM LBM LBM IP 4 LBM GALMA (Geographically Aggregatable Locationbased Multicast Address) GALMA IPv6 LBM GALMA 4.1 LBM LBM 5

6 ハミング距離 = : (4 6 ) LBM IPv6 {2:200:16a:1::/64, 2:200:16a:1020::/64,..., 2:200:16a:10f0::/64} {2:200:016a:1::/56} 1 IP LBM LBM 4.2 GALMA : Geographically Aggregatable Location-based Multicast Address GALMA (Geographically Aggregatable Location-based Multicast Address) GALMA 1 GALMA n n 1 n n 22 8m 8m GeoHash[7] base32 Natural Area Coding[8] IP GeoCast[9] 6

7 <0, 0> <00, 01> <01, 01> <00, 00> <01, 00> <, > <, > <, > <, > < 緯度 ID, 経度 ID> 4: GALMA GeoCast GALMA IETF [10] IPv6 IP 4.3 GALMA GALMA GALMA 1 GALMA GALMA GALMA GALMA GALMA GALMA GALMA IP Aggregated Multicast[11] 4.4 GALMA GALMA C lat C lon D lat D lon 1,2 7

8 128 bit Flags Scope Group ID Blank Dlat Dlon Locid : GALMA ,4 CID lat, CID lon. G lat, G lon G lat, G lon Loc id C lat = C lat + 90 (1) { C lon = C lon (0 E<C lon <180 E) 360 C lon (0 W <C lon <180 W ) CID lat = (D lat C lat)/180 (3) CID lon = (D lon C lon)/360 (4) GALMA Loc id IPv6 5 IPv6 Group ID 112 Loc id D lat, D lon D lat, D lon 5 10 Loc id D lat, D lon 54 Group ID 58, 0 (2) 5 GALMA 5.1 GALMA [12] PF PF PF :00 GALMA GPS 22 6 x y ,

9 the number of addresses level 6: GALMA update [updates/min] :00 06:00 12:00 18:00 00:00 Time 7: GALMA 5.2 GALMA LBM GALMA GALMA PF PF :00 23:59 1 GALMA 22 t t 1 GALMA 10 7, 1, 10, 02:00 08:00 GALMA 08: % 9

10 0.20 update ratio the number of users 8: GALMA 5.3 GALMA LBM GALMA GALMA 1:1 1 GALMA U l O(U l ) GALMA GALMA #ER GALMA 9 GALMA 22 PF x y GALMA GALMA 22 GPS GALMA

11 the number of addresses GALMA (level 22) Point Area the number of devices 9: GALMA GALMA GALMA 2 3 3G GALMA 1 IP 1 IP 1: GALMA O(U l ) O(U l ) :O(#ER) :O(U l ) ) 11

12 GALMA GALMA 11% GALMA % 6.2 GALMA GALMA GALMA 2 IP LBM GALMA 6.3 LBM IP IP IGMP, MLD Membership Query Report (join) (leave) LBM IPv6 MLD LBM GALMA join GALMA GALMA join GALMA GALMA T [ ] GALMA T 2: 2 A 16, B 17, C 27,

13 6.4 LBM GALMA LBM GALMA IP GALMA IPv6 LBM IP LBM GALMA GALMA GALMA GALMA LBM 2 : PIM-SSM [13] 10 LBM C 1, C 2 S G 1, G 2 join join S join R 2 join S G 1, G 2 G 1, G 2 G 3 1 GALMA GALMA PIM-SSM GALMA : LBM 11 LBM R 3, R 4 G 1, G 2 S join R 2 < S, G 1 >, < S, G 2 > R 2 G 1, G 2 < S, G 3 > GALMA GALMA join/leave GALMA 13

!"#$%&'"() $587(49:7%/'57();%<9=8>%?%/-!34,3'56 () '57 /-!,1 /- /1! *+/,!"#$%&'01 *+,-. G 1,G 2 G 3 "#$%&'()%*!+,1. $587(49:7%/'57();%<9=8>%?%/0!34,3'56 () '57!!,-,0 /- /- "#$%&'()%*!+,-. /1 /2 /0 *+,2345678*9:*;<=>?

14 !"#$%&'"() $587(49:7%/'57();%<9=8>%?%/-!34,3'56 () '57 /-!,1 /- /1! *+/,!"#$%&'01 *+,-. G 1,G 2 G 3 "#$%&'()%*!+,1. $587(49:7%/'57();%<9=8>%?%/0!34,3'56 () '57!!,-,0 /- /- "#$%&'()%*!+,-. /1 /2 /0 *+, *9:*;<=>?+:?@ABCD'E0 "#$%&'()%*!+,0. /1 /2 &'()%*!+,-. &'()%*!+,0. 10: 6.5 GALMA IPv6 3 GALMA GALMA GALMA GALMA GALMA 7 LBM IPv6 GALMA LBM IP GALMA IP GALMA 1 11% GALMA 6 IP GALMA 14

15 *+,-. G 1,G 2 G 3!01.0( (3!!.#.$!"#$%&'"() 92:7)1;<7+"(27)*=+>;?:5+@+"#!01.0( (3 "#!.% "$ 92:7)1;<7+"(27)*=+>;?:5+@+"$ "% "& "(275+A61B;*=5,"%-+!-+.#/ "(275+A61B;*=5,"$-+!-+.%/ "$! *+/,!"#$%&'01 *+, *9:*;<=>?+:?@ABCD'E0 "(275+A61B;*=5,"&-+!-+.$/ "% "& '()*+,!-.#/ '()*+,!-.$/ 11: 1. Kazuya Okada, Takeshi Okuda, and Suguru Yamaguchi. Design of Geographically Aggregatable Address and Routing toward Location Based Multicast. In Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE Workshop of Pervasive Internet of Things and Smart Cities(PITSaC 2013), March ,,,.., vol. 112, no. 464, NS , pp , ,,,. GALMA : DPS-152, [1] Karp, B. and Kung, H. T.: GPSR: greedy perimeter stateless routing for wireless networks, MobiCom 00, ACM, pp (2). [2] Katz-Bassett, E., John, J. P., Krishnamurthy, A., Wetherall, D., Anderson, T. and Chawathe, Y.: Towards IP geolocation using delay and topology measurements, IMC 06, ACM, pp (2006). [3] Triukose, S., Ardon, S., Mahanti, A. and Seth, A.: Geolocating IP addresses in cellular data networks, PAM 12, Springer-Verlag, pp (2012). 15

16 [4] P2P. Vol. 46, No. 18, pp (2005). [5] Deering, S. E. and Cheriton, D. R.: Multicast routing in datagram internetworks and extended LANs, ACM Trans. Comput. Syst., Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 85 (1990). [6] Holbrook, H. W. and Cheriton, D. R.: IP multicast channels: EXPRESS support for largescale single-source applications, Proceedings of the conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communication, SIGCOMM 99, ACM, pp (1999). [7] Niemeyer, G.: GeoHash,, [8] NAC Geographic Products Inc: NaturalAreaCoding,, [9] Navas, J. C. and Imielinski, T.: GeoCast-geographic addressing and routing, MobiCom 97, ACM, pp (1997). [10] Hain, T.: An IPv6 Geographic Global Unicast Address Format, html/draft-hain-ipv6-geo-addr-02 (2). [11] Cui, J.-H., Kim, J., Maggiorini, D., Boussetta, K. and Gerla, M.: Aggregated Multicast- A Comparative Study, Cluster Computing, Vol. 8, No. 1, pp (2005). [12], [13] Holbrook, H. and Cain, B.: Source-Specific Multicast for IP, RFC 4607 (Proposed Standard) (2006). 16

Vol.55 No (Feb. 2014) IPv6 1,a) 1,b) 1,c) 1,d) , LBM: Location-Based Multicast IPv6 GALMA Geographically Aggregatable Loc

Vol.55 No (Feb. 2014) IPv6 1,a) 1,b) 1,c) 1,d) , LBM: Location-Based Multicast IPv6 GALMA Geographically Aggregatable Loc IPv6 1,a) 1,b) 1,c) 1,d) 2013 5 14, 2013 10 9 LBM: Location-Based Multicast IPv6 GALMA Geographically Aggregatable Location-based Multicast Address LBM GALMA GALMA IPv6 IP Design and Evaluation of Geographically