13 IPv6 A Discovery Method of Delivering Topology in IPv6 Multicast
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- まな はしかわ
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1 13 IPv6 A Discovery Method of Delivering Topology in IPv6 Multicast
2 IPv6 [1] IPv6 [2] [3] IPv6 ICMP echo [4] traceroute MLD [5] mtrace,, MLD, ICMP, PIM, RIBB i
3 Abstract A Discovery Method of Delivering Topology in IPv6 Multicast Rika FUJIOKA In the employment from construction of a multicasting network,in order to offer more reliable servise, consideration and the experiment are conducted [1]. If the experiment of multicasting [2] [3] comes to be conducted briskly, the opportunity of practical use will also be considered that much more consideration is needed for management of increase and multicasting. The debugging tool in the present IPv6 multicasting is not enough to manage multicasting. In order to enalbe use of more variouse multicasting management tools, it is a target that this research performs mounting of A Discovery Method of Delivering Topology in IPv6 Multicast. In this paper, the technique of acquiring multicast routeing infomation using the ICMP echo message [4] and algorithm of traceroute and mtrace message of MLD [5] is proposed. The proposed technique was mounted and it checked functioning correctly. key words Multicast, Debugging Tool, MLD, IGMP, PIM, RIBB ii
4 RIBB MLD Multicast Lister Report PIM Flooding Reverse Path Forwarding (Source Based Tree) (Shard Tree) PIM-DM PIM-SM Hello RP iii
5 Register-Stop Assert Assert SBT RP ICMP IPv ICMP IPv IPv ICMP echo traceroute mtrace iv
6 ICMP echo OS v
7 A 65 A.1 RPM (Reverse-Path Multicasting) A.1.1 A A.2 RPF A.3 ICMP A.3.1 A ICMP B 71 B B.2 Live!Eclipse( ) B B B B.4 in B B.5 Live!Eclipse( ) B B.6 DSM B B.7 YOSAKOI vi
8 B B B B B B.10 ISOM B B.11 in vii
9 MLD query MLD report RPF SBT PIM-SM RPT PIM-SM Join Register Register-Stop Assert traceroute mtrace viii
10 A.1 RPM A.2 RPM A.3 RPF A.4 ICMP B.1 in B.2 Live!Eclipse( ) B.3 DSM B B.5 ISOM ix
11 /usr/local/etc/pim6sd.conf A.1 ICMP x
12 1 [1] RIBB (Regional Internet BackBone) ( 1.1 ) IPv6 IPv6 IPv
13 1.1 RIBB 1.1 RIBB RIBB (Regional Internet BackBone) JGN (JAPAN Gigabit Network) RIBB RIBB ( B) IPv4 IPv6 IPv4 IPv6 IPv6 2
14 ( 2.1) 3 3 ( )
15 ( 2.2) 2.2 4
16 IPv4 IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) IPv6 MLD (Multicast Listener Discovery) MLD 5
17 MLD MLD ( 2.3) Multicast Listener Query Query Query Multicast Listener Report Query 2.3 MLD query 6
18 2.3 Multicast Lister Report Report Report 2.4 Query Report Report Query [Multicast Listener Interval] Query [Multicast Listener Interval] Report [Multicast Listener Interval] [Multicast Listener Interval] Report 7
19 MLD report (Source Based Tree) (Shared Tree) IPv4 (DVMRP: Distance-Vector Multicast Routing Protocol) IPv6 Protocol-Independent Multicast (PIM) PIM 8
20 PIM PIM (Protocol-Independent Multicast) PIM- (PIM- DM: PIM-Dense Mode) [6] PIM- (PIM-SM: PIM-Sparse Mode) [7] 2 PIM-SM PIM-DM PIM-SM 2 9
21 2.4 PIM PIM Flooding Reverse Path Forwarding (RPF) Flooding Reverse Path Forwarding Flooding Flooding Reverse Path Forwarding (RPF) Flooding S I S I Flooding RPF 2.6 I0 1 1 I1 I1 10
22 RPF (Source Based Tree) SBT (S,G) S G 2.7 SBT 1 SBT
23 SBT 1 I0 2 SBT ( ) I3 ( ) (Shard Tree) PIM-SM RP(Rendezvous Point) 12
24 2.4 - RP (RPT) RP 1 RPT (*,G) ( ) G RP 1 RP RP RP PIM-SM RPT I1 RP 2 2 I2 RP ( RP ) RP 1 RP RP 1 RP RP PIM-DM PIM SBT RPM ( A.1 ) PIM-DM 13
25 PIM-SM RPT PIM-DM (, ) PIM-DM (PIM-Prune ) ( PIM-Join ) PIM-DM 14
26 2.4 PIM-DM RPM RPF ( A.2 ) PIM-SM PIM-SM(Protocol Independent Multicast-Sparse Mode) PIM-SM RP(Rendezvous Point) PIM-SM Hello RP (SBT) Assert RP RP Hello PIM PIM Hello Hello ALL-PIM-ROUTERS 15
27 2.4 Holdtime Hello Hello PIM-SM PIM-SIM ( MLD Multicast Listener Report ) RPF ( A.2 ) ( oif ) PIM-SM MLD (*, G) (S, G) oif 16
28 2.4 MLD RP RPT PIM (*, G) Join RP PIM Join ALL-PIM-ROUTERS 1 ( ) PIM PIM ( ) PIM (*, G) Join G (*, G) Join oif (*, G) oif Join RP RP (*, G) 1 G 2.9 MLD Multicast Listener (Report) 2( G ) G 2 (*, G) I4 oif Join 1 1 (*, G) Join RP 17
29 PIM-SM Join RP Join (*, G) RPT RP MLD 1 (DR) DR Join/Prune RP DR PIM Hello IP DR IP 2 DR DR 18
30 2.4 Hello DR IP DR 2.10 RP (DR) (S, G) RP DR Register RP RP Register RPT (RP SBT (S, G) Join DR ) RP DR IP Register RP RP 2 RP 19
31 2.4 Register-Stop Register 2.11 ( ) DR 1 (S, G) Register RP RP Register RPT SBT 1 RP Register 1 IP SBT 20
32 2.4 RP Register SBT Register-Stop RP Register IP Register-Stop DR DR SBT IP DR Register Register-Stop RP Register-Stop 1 RP Register-Stop 21
33 2.4 DR Register RP Prune Prune ( ) DR MLD Multicast Listener Report DR DR MLD G (S, G) (*, G) oif oif (*, G) G Prune RP oif RP (*, G) Join PIM (RPT SBT ) MLD Multicast Listener Report (*, G) (S, G) oif I4 oif list I3 RP (*, G) Prune RPT Prune 1 I3 (*, G) oif Join PIM 22
34 (*, G) oif (*, G) Prune RP RPT RP (*, G) oif Assert RP PIM-SM Assert (RP) 2 3 LAN 3 2 oif
35 Assert 3 LAN PIM-SM Assert Assert Join 4 Join 2 5 Join 3 Join
36 2.4 Assert Assert RIP IP RIP OSPF Assert 2 SBT RPT SBT ( ) DR (S, G) Join S SBT SBT 25
37 2.4 RP RP (BSR) Bootstrap BSR RP ALL-PIM-ROUTERS 1 BSR BSR (RPF ) IP BSR RP BSR ( BSR RP ) RP BSR Bootstrap RP (RP-Set) Bootstrap 1 BSR Bootstrap DR ( ) MLD DR RP 1 DR Join/Prune RP ( Register ) 26
38 3 2 2 IPv6 3.1 IPv4 IGMP mtrace DVMRP 27
39 3.1 PIM mrinfo IP IP IP ( ) ( ) (tunnel, srcrt) (disabled, down) map-mbone pimstat IPv4 PIM IPv6 MLD PIM6 mtrace6 pim6stat IPv6 PIM PIM MLD Querier 28
40 IPv4 IPv6 IPv4 IPv6 IPv6 IPv4 mtrace map-bone IPv6 mtrace6 3.1 IPv4 IPv6 IPv4 IGMP ASK NEIGHBORS IGMP IPv6 MLD PIM IPv6 29
41 3.2 30
42 4 IPv6 mtopology
43 4.2 Tree ICMP IPv6 ICMP IPv6 2 ICMP IPv ICMP IPv6 ICMP IPv ICMP ICMP 32
44 4.2 ICMP IPv ICMP ICMP ICMP IPv6 IPv IPv6 33
45 4.3 ICMP ICMP echo traceroute mtrace6 ICMP echo traceroute mtrace MLD MLD mtrace query, response PIM Hello Hello ICMP 34
46 ICMP ICMP IPv6 2 IPv ICMP ICMP ICMP ICMP ICMP ICMP ICMP
47 ICMP echo request ( A.3 ) request PIM ( 4.1) echo reply echo request IP MLD mtrace MLD mtrace mtrace query traceroute ICMP 36
48 IP 1 0 ICMP Time Exceeded for a Datagram ( ) UDP UDP ICMP Destination- Unreachable ( ) ICMP traceroute 1 IPv4 TTL ( ) 37
49 traceroute MLD mtrace MLD mtrace MLD mtrace mtrae query mtrace response 2 mtrace
50 mtrace query respons 4.3 mtrace 39
51 ( 4.4) ( 4.5) ICMP echo 40
52
53 ICMP echo ICMP echo ICMP echo request echo reply ( 4.6) 1. ICMPv6 RAW [8] ICMPv6 echo reply 2. ICMP echo request ID ID echo reply ID traceroute UDP ICMP time exceeded ICMP dstination unreach 42
54 4.5 ICMPv6 RAW ICMPv6 echo request %$ (ID"# =&(' ID)! request! i=0 +, 3)*.-, echo reply /0 1 Yes ID2341 No No Yes -,6578 9:78,0 <+,57=?>($@A7 host[i]=; i=i UDP 2 ( 4.7) 43
55 ICMPv6 RAW 2. h a h b UDP c d destination unreach MLD mtrace MLD mtrace 20 4 MLD mtrace MLD mtrace ICMP echo UDP ICMP 2 (4 ) MLD mtrace 44
56 * I C 4.5 ICMPv6 "!#%$ & RAW ' )( h=0,h<128,h+1 * +, h -".)/ + 10%2 3 4 "5 678(:9<;"= UDP>? AB route[x][i]= > 3? *C EDGFH i=i+1 dst unreach "KL J No Yes M N ICMPv6 RAW MLD mtrace response 2. MLD mtrace query MLD MLD query 3. MLD mtrace query 4. mroute[x] (MLD mtrace resp ) 45
57 ( ) 2. (, ) IPv (mroute) mroute[ ][ ]= (mroute[0]) 46
58 4.5 leaf( A) leaf( A ) host( ) childlen ( ) next ( ) leaf( A ) host( ) childlen ( ) next ( ) host( ) childlen ( ) next ( ) mroute[1] mroute[0] (mroute[0][0]) leaf leaf childlen( ) leaf 4.9 mroute[x] host[x] l leaf leaf print[i] i 47
59 4.5 1 mroute[x][i] =NULL Yes No return l->host= mroute[x][i] Yes l->childlen =NULL Yes i=i+1 No l=l->childlen i=i+1 1 l->next =NULL Yes l->next=mroute[x][i] l=l->next No mroute[x][i] =NULL Yes l->childlen=mroute[x][i] No return 1 l=l->next 1 l=l->childlen print print[0] 48
60 4.5 1 l->next =NULL No Yes print[i]= print[i]+l->host fukasa[x-1]=0 l->childlen =NULL Yes print[i]= print[i]+"\0" i=i+1 return No 2 print[i]= print[i]+"---" l=l->childlen x=x+1 1 print[i]= print[i]+l->host l->childlen =NULL Yes print[i]= print[i]+"\0" i=i+1 2 print[i]= print[i]+" -" No l2=l->childlen fukasa[x-1]=x x=x+1 print[i]= print[i]+"---" 1 2 t=0,t<x-1,t+1 fukasa[t] 0 No l=l->next 1 print[i]= print[i]+" -" l=l->next x=x-1 Yes 1 print[i]= print[i]+" " print[i]= print[i]+" "
61 FreeBSD CPU OS dvts PentiumIII 800Mhz 780MB FreeBSD 4.4-RELEASE MR1 PentiumIII 450Mhz 64MB FreeBSD 4.4-RELEASE MR2 PentiumIII 450Mhz 64MB FreeBSD 4.4-RELEASE MR3 PentiumIII 450Mhz 64MB FreeBSD 4.4-RELEASE MR4 PentiumIII 450Mhz 64MB FreeBSD 4.4-RELEASE client1 PentiumIII 800Mhz 1GB FreeBSD 4.4-RELEASE client2 PentiumIII 500Mhz 192MB FreeBSD 4.4-RELEASE client3 PentiumIII 450Mhz 64MB FreeBSD 4.4-RELEASE
62 cand_bootstrap_router; cand_rp; 5.2 /usr/local/etc/pim6sd.conf default #sysctl -w net.inet6.ip6.defmcasthlim=64 PIM-SM FreeBSD4.4 pim6sd a.tar.gz RP #sysctl -w net.inet6.ip6.defmcasthlim=64 pim6sd.conf(/usr/local/etc/pim6sd.conf)( 5.2 )) DR,RP 51
63 5.2 1 dvts MR1 MR2 MR3 MR4 client1 client2 client3 PIM-SM,RP PIM-SM PIM-SM PIM-SM default dvts RP mr1 client1,client2,client dvts RP mr1 client1,client
64 5.3 2 Multicast Delivering Topology Address measurement table [No.]Address [01] d1::1 [02] 3c::3 [03] 4c::4 [04] 2c:: dvts MR1 MR2 MR3 MR4 client1 client2 client3 PIM-SM,RP PIM-SM PIM-SM PIM-SM Multicast Delivering Topology Address measurement table [No.]Address [01] d1::1 [02] 4c::4 [03] 2c::
65 5.4 3 dvts MR1 MR2 MR3 MR4 client1 client2 client3 PIM-SM PIM-SM PIM-SM,RP PIM-SM Multicast Delivering Topology Address measurement table [No.]Address [01] 3c::3 [02] d1::1 [03] 4c::4 [04] 2c:: dvts RP mr3 client1,client2,client
66 5.5 4 dvts MR1 MR2 MR3 MR4 client1 client2 client3 PIM-SM PIM-SM PIM-SM,RP PIM-SM Multicast Delivering Topology Address measurement table [No.]Address [01] 3c::3 [02] d1::1 [03] 4c:: dvts RP mr3 client1,client
67 PIM-SM PIM-SM PIM- DM 56
68 IPv6 Tree OS 5 RP mtrace mtrace 57
69 6.2 mtrace RP RP DR Register RP DR Join DR RP RP RP mtrace OS FreeBSD ICMP echo request 58
70 6.2 ( ) MLD mtrace query 1 MLD mtrace query 1 MLD mtrace query mtrace query response Join Join 59
71 MLD mtrace query MLD mtrace MLD mtrace ICMP IPv IPv6 ICMP DoS MLD mtrace 60
72 6.2 61
73 7 IPv6 IPv6 UNIX ICMP echo traceroute MLD mtrace query Tree PIM-DM PIM-SM MLD mtrace FreeBSD4.4 62
74 KPIX TAO 63
75 [1]., 42. aug [2] Thomas A. Maufer. IP. Nov [3] Dave Kosiur. TCP/IP IP. Nov [4] S. Deering A. Conta. Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMPv6) for the Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) Specification, Dec [5] B. Haberman S. Deering, W. Fenner, et al. Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) for IPv6, Oct [6] William Siadak Andrew Adams, Jonathan Nicholas. Protocol Independent Multicast - Dense Mode (PIM-DM) Protocol Specification(revised), Nov draft-ietf-pimdm-new-v2-00.tex. [7] A. Helmy D. Thaler S. Deering M. Handley V. Jacobson C. Liu P. Sharma L. Wei D. Estrin, D. Frinacci, et al. Protocol Independent Multicast-Sparse Mode (PIM- SM):Protocol Secification, Jun RFC2362. [8] W. Richard Stevens. UNIX 2 Vol.1 API: XTI. Jul
76 A A.1 RPM (Reverse-Path Multicasting) RPM RPM A.1.1 (, ) ( ) ( ) 1 A.1 65
77 A.1 RPM (Reverse-Path Multicasting) (, ) RPM 1 (, ) ( ) A.1 RPM 66
78 A.2 RPF A (graft) 1 (, ) (, ) A.2 RPM ( ) A.2 RPF RPF RPT SBT RPT RPF RP IP SBT RPF A.3 1 RPT 1 RP ( (S, G) (*, G) ) 1 RP I1 2 SBT ( (S, G) ) IP 67
79 A.3 ICMP A.2 RPM RPF A.3 ICMP ICMP ICMP echo A.3.1 ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) IP 68
80 A.3 ICMP A.3 RPF ICMP ICMP IP ICMP ICMP ICMP A.4 IP A.4 ICMP ICMP A.3.2 ICMP IPv6 ICMP A.1 69
81 A.3 ICMP 1 Destination Unreachable 2 Packet Too Big 3 Time Exceded for a Datagram 4 Parameter Problem 5 Redirect 128 Echo Request 129 Echo Reply 130 Group Membership Query 131 Group Membership Query 132 Group Membership Reduction 133 Router Solicitation 134 Router Advertisement 135 Neighbor Solicitation Message 136 Neighbor Advertisement 137 Redirect A.1 ICMP 70
82 B B.1 URL DV over ATM TRIX CRL RealMedia,WMT IX 71
83 B.2 Live!Eclipse( ) B.2 Live!Eclipse( ) URL INTEC Web and Genome Informatics Corporation NTT Realvideo,QuickTime,WindowsMedia (RADIX+Tenbin)(NTT ) Windows Media over ( ) B.2.1 B.3 URL Y-NIX 72
84 B.4 in SP 1000m 1000m B.3.1 B.4 in URL URL URL IP URL INTEC Web and Genome Informatics Corporation?
85 B.5 Live!Eclipse( ) CAN( ) IT DV over ATM (LinkUnit) ( ) DV over IPv4 Multicast over ATM (DVTS)( ) Realvideo,Windows Media over IPv4 Multicast over ATM ( IX) Realvideo(500K,1Mbps)+WindowsMedia(1.5Mbps) B.4.1 B.1 B.5 Live!Eclipse( ) URL Live!Eclipse
86 B.5 Live!Eclipse( ) B.1 in RealVideo, QuickTime, WMT(RADIX + Tenbin) MPEG2Ts over IPv4multicast TRIX B.5.1 B.2 75
87 B.6 DSM B.2 Live!Eclipse( ) B.6 DSM URL Windows Media over IPv4 (Internet,kpix ) DV over IPv4 over ATM( (RIBB)) 76
88 B.7 YOSAKOI B.6.1 B.3 B.3 DSM B.7 YOSAKOI URL ( Download) YOSAKOI 77
89 B TRIX YOSAKOI DV over ATM(LinkUnit) TRIX WMT(1.5Mbps) TRIX B.7.1 B.8 URL URL URL
90 B.8 DV over ATM (LinkUnit) ( TRIX ) DV over IPv6 over ATM ( ) WindowsMedia( 100,300Kpbs) ( IX ) DV over IPv6 Multicast over ATM ( ) B.8.1 B.4 B.4 79
91 B.8 ATM-R ( ) PRODUCT CPU OS ATM-NIC Eth-NIC CPU OS ATM-NIC Eth-NIC CPU OS ATM-NIC Dell Optiplex GX110 Pentium III 930 MHz, Memory: 512 MB FreeBSD 4.3-RELEASE + ALTQ-3.0(altq-3.0-sys-altq-freebsd-4.3.patch) Efficient Networks ENI-155p (en0) 3Com 3c905C-TX Fast Etherlink Xl (xl0) Pentium 800 MHz,Memory:768 MB FreeBSD 4.3-RElEASE + ALTQ-3.0(altq-3.0-sys-altq-freebsd-4.3.patch) Efficient Networks ENI-155p (en0) Intel Pro 10/100B/100+ Ethernet Pentium III 600MHz, Memory: 256 MB FreeBSD 4.3-RELEASE + ALTQ-3.0(altq-3.0-sys-altq-freebsd-4.3.patch) Efficient Networks ENI-155p (en0) Eth-NIC DVTS Intel Eter Express Pro (fxp0) 1( ) PRODUCT CPU OS ieee1394 Eth-NIC Dell Optiplex GX110 Pentium III 930 MHz, Memory: 512 MB FreeBSD 4.3-RELEASE + firewire-freebsd Digital Origin MotoDV (lynx0: Texas Instrument PCILynx) 3Com 3c905C-TX Fast Etherlink Xl (xl0) software DVTS ( ) 80
92 B.9 PRODUCT CPU OS ieee1394 ATM-NIC Eth-NIC Dell Optiplex GX110 Pentium III 930 MHz, Memory: 512 MB FreeBSD 4.3-RELEASE + firewire-freebsd ALTQ-3.0(altq-3 Digital Origin MotoDV (lynx0: Texas Instrument PCILynx) Efficient Networks ENI-155p (en0) 3Com 3c905C-TX Fast Etherlink Xl (xl0) software CPU OS ieee1394 Eth-NIC software CPU OS ieee1394 Eth-NIC software DVTS Pentium 800MHz:Memory 768 MB FreeBSD 4.3-RELEASE + firewire-freebsd Digital Origin MotoDV (lynx0: Texas Instrument PCILynx) Intel Pro10/100B/100+ Ethernet DVTS Pentium III 1GHz, Memory: 256 MB FreeBSD 4.3-RELEASE + firewire-freebsd Digital Origin MotoDV (lynx0: Texas Instrument PCILynx) Intel Eter Express Pro (fxp0) DVTS B.9 URL
93 B.10 ISOM TRIX DV over ATM(LinkUnit) TRIX WMT(500Kbps, 1Mbps) TRIX B.9.1 B.10 ISOM URL ISOM
94 B.11 in URL ISOM 2001 DV over IPv6 Multicast over ATM ( TRIX) DV over IPv6 Multicast (JGN6 TRIX( ) CATV ( LinkUnit ) B.10.1 B.5 B.11 in URL
95 B.11 in B.5 ISOM DV over ATM(LinkUnit) DV over IPv6(DVTS) 84
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