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11 277 p. (1998): p. (1997): pp (1998): 50, pp (1998): 228 p. Sugitani, T. (1998): Opposition movement against golf course development in Miyoshi Village, Chiba, Japan. Geographical Review of Japan, 71B, pp (1996): pp

12 Regional Attempt to Establish a Recycling Society in Nagai City, Yamagata, Japan Takashi SUGITANI and Takako HAGIWARA Since 1997, Nagai City has practiced organic farming based on kitchen refuse, presenting a model of recycling society in Japan. Although the local government s work of collecting refuse from 4,900 town households and biochemical processing in its compost plant are carried out e$ciently, problems in organic farming and marketing were revealed through our hearing with the farmers and salesmen. An advantageous but restrictive factor of the Nagai model is its small population, limiting the amount of refuse and consequent compost production. The plant annually ferments 2,500 tons of kitchen refuse with livestock dung and rice husks into 400 tons of semi-dried compost, which can support no more than several per cent of Nagai s total farmland of 3,000 hectares. Cultivated organic products have gained little share in the market and are expensive. The branch of JA (Japan Agriculture) in Nagai does not deal in them, nor approve of the government s policies to authorize organic products through governmental examination, and to establish recycling society symbolically called as iki-san iki-sho (linkage of cultivation and consumption in a locality). In the practice of organic farming, Nagai s movement is still under test performed by the government s pilot farm and volunteer farmers. When the government began the test, some progressive full-time farmers were ready to join it, because they had already practiced organic farming based on animal and herbaceous materials. This advantage, however, included an ironical factor that they had doubts about the e#ect of the government-made fertilizer. They regard it as one of their choices depending on price, and re-ferment it with livestock dung according to their experience. Even progressive farmers consider that it is di$cult to reach the goal of abandonment of chemicals that the governmental standard requires for the top products. Economically, the shipping price of organic products does not satisfy them so far. To make matters worse, they have to sell their organic vegetables at low prices for propagation at a street-side market in the town on Sundays. Middle-aged, ambitious farmers cannot fully rely upon organic farming, while elder farmers, including a retired o$ce worker (teinen kino-sha), can a#ord to continue it as a social movement. This situation is rather common in Japan s declining agriculture. Key words: organic farming, recycling society Department of Geography, Ochanomizu University Institute of Transportation Economics 80

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九州大学学術情報リポジトリ Kyushu University Institutional Repository 熊本県水俣市の限界集落における耕作放棄地の拡大とその要因寺床, 幸雄九州大学大学院人文科学府 : 博士後期課程 : 農村農業地理学 Teratoko, Yukio http://hdl.handle.net/2324/20036 出版情報 : 地理学評論. 82 (6), pp.588-603,